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Samrot AV, Noel Richard Prakash LX. Nanoparticles Induced Oxidative Damage in Reproductive System and Role of Antioxidants on the Induced Toxicity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030767. [PMID: 36983922 PMCID: PMC10059981 DOI: 10.3390/life13030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is used in a variety of scientific, medical, and research domains. It is significant to mention that there are negative and severe repercussions of nanotechnology on both individuals and the environment. The toxic effect of nanoparticles exerted on living beings is termed as nanotoxicity. Nanoparticles are synthesized by various methods such as chemical, biological, physical, etc. These nanoparticles’ nanotoxicity has been observed to vary depending on the synthesis process, precursors, size of the particles, etc. Nanoparticles can enter the cell in different ways and can cause cytotoxic effects. In this review, the toxicity caused in the reproductive system and the role of the antioxidants against the nanotoxicity are briefly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Lawrence Xavier Noel Richard Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Kanniah P, Balakrishnan S, Subramanian ER, Sudalaimani DK, Radhamani J, Sivasubramaniam S. Preliminary investigation on the impact of engineered PVP-capped and uncapped silver nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugeniae, a terrestrial ecosystem model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25239-25255. [PMID: 35829879 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the production of silver nanoparticles and their commercial products has generated increased concern and caused a hazardous impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study examines the toxic effect of chemically engineered silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles (PVP-SNPs) on the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (E. eugeniae). The SNPs and PVP-SNPs were synthesized, and their characterization was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of SNPs and PVP-SNPs was evaluated using E. eugeniae. The present result indicates that the lethal concentration (LC50) of SNPs and PVP-SNPs were achieved at 22.66 and 43.27 μg/mL, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was increased in SNPs compared to PVP-SNPs. Importantly, we have noticed that the E. eugeniae can amputate its body segments after exposure to SNPs and PVP-SNPs. This exciting phenomenon is named "autotomy," which describes a specific feature of E. eugeniae to escape from the toxic contaminants and predators. Accordingly, we have suggested this unique behavior may facilitate to assess the toxic effect of SNPs and PVP-SNPs in E. eugeniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulkumar Kanniah
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Subburathinam Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elaiya Raja Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sudalaimani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jila Radhamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, Saigeetha S, Sathiyasree M, Thirugnanasambandam R, Visvanathan S, Mohanty BK, Sabesan GS, Dhiva S, Remya RR, Pachiyappan S, Wilson S. Evaluation of the Toxic Effect of Bauhinia purpurea Mediated Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against In-vitro and In-vivo Models. TOXICS 2022; 11:9. [PMID: 36668735 PMCID: PMC9862017 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, etc., have many benefits and have been in use for a very long time. Nevertheless, a number of concerns have been raised about the environmental impact and the possibility of exposure to various living systems at the moment. Thus, in this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using plant gum from Bauhinia purpurea and characterization was done using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, etc. To determine the accumulation and toxic effects caused by the nanoparticles, Eudrilus eugeniae, Danio rerio, and their embryos were exposed to the synthesized silver nanoparticles and evaluated using microscopic observation, histology, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Shobana
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandurangan Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Subramanian Saigeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahendran Sathiyasree
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Thirugnanasambandam
- Centre for Ocean Research (DST—FIST Sponsored Centre), MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridevi Visvanathan
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Basanta Kumar Mohanty
- Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Jalan Padang Jambu, Bukit Baru 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Gokul Shankar Sabesan
- Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Jalan Padang Jambu, Bukit Baru 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Shanmugaboopathi Dhiva
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Narayana College, Alathur, Palakkad 678682, Kerala, India
| | - Rajan Renuka Remya
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Pachiyappan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samraj Wilson
- Department of Botany, St. John’s College, Tirunelveli 627002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, Saigeetha S, Sathiyasree M, Thirugnanasambandam R, Sridevi V, Basanta Kumar M, Gokul Shankar S, Dhiva S, Remya R. Nanotoxicity studies of Azadirachta indica mediated silver nanoparticles against Eudrilus eugeniae, Danio rerio and its embryos. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Shobana N, Prakash P, Samrot AV, Jane Cypriyana PJ, Kajal P, Sathiyasree M, Saigeetha S, Stalin Dhas T, Alex Anand D, Sabesan GS, Muthuvenkatachalam BS, Mohanty BK, Visvanathan S. Purification and Characterization of Gum-Derived Polysaccharides of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica and Their Applications as Plant Stimulants and Bio-Pesticidal Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:3720. [PMID: 35744846 PMCID: PMC9230390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant gums are bio-organic substances that are derived from the barks of trees. They are biodegradable and non-adverse complex polysaccharides that have been gaining usage in recent years due to a number of advantages they contribute to various applications. In this study, gum was collected from Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica trees, then dried and powdered. Characterizations of gum polysaccharides were performed using TLC, GC-MS, NMR, etc., and sugar molecules such as glucose and xylose were found to be present. Effects of the gums on Abelmoschus esculentus growth were observed through root growth, shoot growth, and biomass content. The exposure of the seeds to the plant gums led to bio stimulation in the growth of the plants. Poor quality soil was exposed to the gum polysaccharide, where the polysaccharide was found to improve soil quality, which was observed through soil analysis and SEM analysis of soil porosity and structure. Furthermore, the plant gums were also found to have bio-pesticidal activity against mealybugs, which showed certain interstitial damage evident through histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Shobana
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (N.S.); (P.J.J.C.); (P.K.); (M.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Pandurangan Prakash
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (N.S.); (P.J.J.C.); (P.K.); (M.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - P. J. Jane Cypriyana
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (N.S.); (P.J.J.C.); (P.K.); (M.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Purohit Kajal
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (N.S.); (P.J.J.C.); (P.K.); (M.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Mahendran Sathiyasree
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (N.S.); (P.J.J.C.); (P.K.); (M.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Subramanian Saigeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - T. Stalin Dhas
- Centre for Ocean Research, MoES—Earth Science & Technology Cell, Col. Dr. Jeppiaar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India;
| | - D. Alex Anand
- School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Sholinganallur, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai 600119, India; (N.S.); (P.J.J.C.); (P.K.); (M.S.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Gokul Shankar Sabesan
- Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Melaka 75150, Malaysia; (G.S.S.); (B.K.M.)
| | | | - Basanta Kumar Mohanty
- Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Jalan Batu Hampar, Bukit Baru, Melaka 75150, Malaysia; (G.S.S.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Sridevi Visvanathan
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Batu 3 1/2, Jalan, Bukit Air Nasi, Bedong 08100, Malaysia; (B.S.M.); (S.V.)
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Nanosafety vs. nanotoxicology: adequate animal models for testing in vivo toxicity of nanoparticles. Toxicology 2021; 462:152952. [PMID: 34543703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanotoxicological studies using existing models of normal cells and animals often encounter a paradox: retention of nanoparticles in intracellular compartments for a long time is not accompanied by any significant toxicological effects. Can we expect that the revealed changes will be not harmful after translation to practice, outside of a sterile laboratory and ideally healthy organisms? Age-associated and pathological processes can affect target organs, metabolism, and detoxification in the mononuclear phagocyte system organs and change biodistribution routes, thus making the use of nanomaterial not safe. The potential solution to this issue can be testing the toxic properties of nanoparticles in animal models with chronic diseases. However, current studies of nanotoxicity in animal models with a brain, cardiovascular system, liver, digestive tract, reproductive system, and skin diseases are unsystematic. Even though these studies demonstrate the emergence of new toxic effects that are not present in healthy animals. In this regard, we set the goal of this review as the formulation of the requirements for an animal model capable of assessing the potential toxicity of nanoparticles based on the nanosafety approach.
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Cypriyana P J J, S S, Angalene J LA, Samrot AV, Kumar S S, Ponniah P, Chakravarthi S. Overview on toxicity of nanoparticles, it's mechanism, models used in toxicity studies and disposal methods – A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bhardwaj K, Dhanjal DS, Sharma A, Nepovimova E, Kalia A, Thakur S, Bhardwaj S, Chopra C, Singh R, Verma R, Kumar D, Bhardwaj P, Kuča K. Conifer-Derived Metallic Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9028. [PMID: 33261095 PMCID: PMC7729856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metallic nanoparticles in engineering and biomedicine disciplines has gained considerable attention. Scientists are exploring new synthesis protocols of these substances considering their small size and lucrative antimicrobial potential. Among the most economical techniques of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles via chemical routes, which includes the use of chemicals as metal reducing agents, is considered to generate nanoparticles possessing toxicity and biological risk. This limitation of chemically synthesized nanoparticles has engendered the exploration for the ecofriendly synthesis process. Biological or green synthesis approaches have emerged as an effective solution to address the limitations of conventionally synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized via biological entities obtained from plant extracts exhibit superior effect in comparison to chemical methods. Recently, conifer extracts have been found to be effective in synthesizing metallic nanoparticles through a highly regulated process. The current review highlights the importance of conifers and its extracts in synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. It also discusses the different applications of the conifer extract mediated metallic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Shabnam Thakur
- Department of Botany, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- Department of Botany, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Bioactivity and Heavy Metal Removal Using Plant Gum Mediated Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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