Bioreduction and Stabilization of Antibacterial Nanosilver Using Radix Lithospermi Phytonutrients for Azo-contaminated Wastewater Treatment: Synthesis, Optimization and Characterization

Green extraction and application of yellow natural curcumin colorant from Curcuma aromatica rhizomes for silk dyeing

Green products such as plant tints are becoming more and more well-known worldwide due to their superior biological and ayurvedic properties. In this work, colorant from Amba Haldi (Curcuma aromatica) was isolated using microwave (MW), and bio-mordants were added to produce colorfast shades. Response surface methodology was used to develop a central composite design (CCD), which maximizes coloring variables statistically. The findings from 32 series of experiments show that excellent color depth (K/S = 12.595) was established onto MW-treated silk fabric (RS = 4 min) by employing 65 mL of radiated aqueous extract (RE = 4 min) of 5 pH cutting-edge the existence of 1.5 g/100 mL used sodium chloride at 75 °C for 45 min. It was discovered that acacia (keekar) extract (1%), pomegranate extract (2%), and pistachio extract (1.5%) were present before coloring by the use of bio-mordants. On the other hand, upon dyeing, acacia extract (1.5%), pomegranate extract (1.5%), and pistachio extract (2%) have all shown extremely strong colorfast colors. Comparatively, before dyeing, salts of Al3+ (1.5%), Fe2+ (2%), and TA (1.5%) gave good results; after dyeing, salts of Al3+ (1%) and Fe2+ (1.5%) and TA (2%) gave good results. When applied to silk fabric, MW radiation has increased the production of dyes recovered from rhizomes. Additionally, the right amount of chemical and biological mordants have been added, resulting in color fastness ratings ranging from outstanding to good. Therefore, the natural color extracted from Amba Haldi can be a sustainable option for the dyeing of silk fabric in the textile dyeing and finishing industries.

Fabrication of UV-Protective Polyester Fabric with Polysorbate 20 Incorporating Fluorescent Color

Technological advancement leads researchers to develop multifunctional materials. Considering such trends, this study aimed to conjugate dual functionality in a single material to satisfy aesthetic and functional necessities. We investigated the potentiality of polysorbate 20 to perform as an effective ultraviolet absorber to develop UV-protective fabric. Coumarin derivative (Benzoxazolyl type) disperse dyes are well-known as fluorescent colors. On the other hand, luminescence materials are conspicuous and viable for fashion trends. Deliberate utilization of this inherent property of the dye and incorporation of polysorbate fulfilled the need for dual functionality. In addition, the knitted fabric structure enhanced wearing comfort as well. The effect of polysorbate consolidated the PET fabric as an excellent UV absorber, exhibiting an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 53.71 and a blocking percentage of more than 95% for both UVA and UVB. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated mode was used to investigate chemical modification. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigated the crystallography of the surface. Reflectance spectrophotometric analysis unveiled the color strength (K/S) of the dyed polyester fabrics. Finally, light fastness assessment revealed that the developed samples could resist a certain amount of photo fading under a controlled testing environment with the increment of ratings towards betterment.

Synthesis of M-Ag3PO4, (M = Se, Ag, Ta) Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Study

Silver Phosphate, Ag3PO4, being a highly capable clinical molecule, an ultrasonic method was employed to synthesize the M-Ag3PO4, (M = Se, Ag, Ta) nanoparticles which were evaluated for antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities post-characterization. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used for antibacterial testing and the effects of sonication on bacterial growth with sub-MIC values of M-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles were examined. The effect of M-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) was examined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of nanoparticles on normal and non-cancerous human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Ag-Ag3PO4 exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity followed by Ta-Ag3PO4, Ag3PO4, and Se-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles against E. coli. Whereas the order of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was Ag3PO4 > Ag-Ag3PO4 > Ta-Ag3PO4 > Se-Ag3PO4, respectively. Percentage inhibition of E. coli was 98.27, 74.38, 100, and 94.2%, while percentage inhibition of S. aureus was 25.53, 80.28, 99.36, and 20.22% after treatment with Ag3PO4, Se-Ag3PO4, Ag-Ag3PO4, and Ta-Ag3PO4, respectively. The MTT assay shows a significant decline in the cell viability after treating with M-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles. The IC50 values for Ag3PO4, Se-Ag3PO4, Ag-Ag3PO4, and Ta-Ag3PO4 on HCT-116 were 39.44, 28.33, 60.24, 58.34 µg/mL; whereas for HeLa cells, they were 65.25, 61.27, 75.52, 72.82 µg/mL, respectively. M-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles did not inhibit HEK-293 cells. Apoptotic assay revealed that the numbers of DAPI stained cells were significantly lower in the M-Ag3PO4-treated cells versus control.

Preparation and Photodegradation Properties of Carbon-Nanofiber-Based Catalysts

In this study, an iron oxide/carbon nanofibers (Fe2O3/CNFs) composite was prepared by a combination of electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. The characterization of Fe2O3/CNFs was achieved via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown that when the hydrothermal reaction time was 180 °C and the reaction time was 1 h, the Fe2O3 nanoparticle size was about 90 nm with uniform distribution. The photodegradation performance applied to decolorize methyl orange (MO) was investigated by forming a heterogeneous Fenton catalytic system with hydrogen peroxide. The reaction conditions for the degradation of MO were optimized with the decolorization rate up to more than 99% within 1 h, which can decompose the dyes in water effectively. The degradation process of MO by Fenton oxidation was analyzed by a UV-visible NIR spectrophotometer, and the reaction mechanism was speculated as well.

Green Chemistry Based Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis Using the Marine Bacterium Lysinibacillus odysseyi PBCW2 and Their Multitudinous Activities

Green chemistry has paved an 'avant-garde avenue' in the production and fabrication of eco-friendly stable nanoparticles employing the utilization of biological agents. In the present study we present the first report on the potential of the marine bacterium Lysinibacillus odysseyi PBCW2 for the extracellular production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Utilizing a variety of methods, AuNPs in the cell-free supernatant of L. odysseyi (CFS-LBOE) were identified and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and dye-degrading properties were examined. The visual coloring of the reaction mixture to a ruby red hue showed the production of LBOE-AuNPs; validated by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, XRD, DLS, TGA, and FT-IR analysis. Additionally, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique and the well diffusion assay were used to examine their dose-dependent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These biogenic LBOE-AuNPs showed 91% dye degradation efficiency during catalytic reduction activity on BTB dye, demonstrating their versatility as options for heterogeneous catalysis.