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Reinhart M, Jonsson M, Enthoven P, Westerdahl E. Immediate effects of upper limb exercises with and without deep breathing on lung function after cardiac surgery - a randomized crossover trial. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:503. [PMID: 39198875 PMCID: PMC11350993 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-03007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open heart surgery, involving median sternotomy, may cause diminished chest wall motion and restrictive pulmonary function in the early postoperative period. Thoracic and upper extremity range of motion (ROM) exercises are often recommended after surgery but have not been evaluated regarding effect on lung volumes and oxygenation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of upper limb elevations, with or without simultaneous deep breathing, on lung function after cardiac surgery. METHODS In a randomized 2 × 2 crossover trial, 22 adult patients (> 18 years old) were assessed during one of the first days after surgery in the spring of 2022 at Örebro University Hospital, Sweden. Exercises involving five bilateral upper limb elevations, performed either with simultaneous deep breathing (ROM-DB) or without (ROM), while sitting in an upright position at the edge of the bed, were evaluated. Peripheral oxygen saturation (Rad-5v; Masimo, Irvine, USA) was the primary outcome. Tidal volume and respiratory rate were recorded continuously during the exercises (Spiropalm; Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Heart rate, pain, exertion and dyspnoea were evaluated before and after the exercises. RESULTS Both ROM-DB and ROM momentarily increased peripheral oxygen saturation (+ 1% ± 1, p = 0.004 and + 1% ± 1, p < 0.001, respectively), with no significant differences between these exercises (p = 0.525). ROM-DB significantly increased the VT compared with ROM (798 ± 316 vs. 602 mL ± 176, p = 0.004). However, ROM-DB induced more pronounced pain (p = 0.012), exertion (p = 0.035) and dyspnoea (p = 0.013) than ROM. CONCLUSIONS Upper limb elevations improved oxygenation momentarily, both performed with and without simultaneous deep breathing, with no significant differences between these exercises. The additive deep breathing improved tidal volume compared with upper limb elevations alone, but induced more pain, exertion and dyspnoea during the performance of exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05278819).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reinhart
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, SE- 70185, Sweden.
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden.
| | - Marcus Jonsson
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, SE- 70185, Sweden
| | - Paul Enthoven
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Westerdahl
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, SE- 70185, Sweden
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-70185, Sweden
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Xu W, Wells CI, Seo SH, Sebaratnam G, Calder S, Gharibans A, Bissett IP, O'Grady G. Feasibility and Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Sensors for Perioperative Monitoring During and After Major Abdominal Surgery: An Observational Study. J Surg Res 2024; 301:423-431. [PMID: 39033592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous, ambulatory perioperative monitoring using wearable devices has shown promise for earlier detection of physiological deterioration and postoperative complications, preventing 'failure-to-rescue'. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of vital signs measured by wrist-based wearables with gold standard measurements from vital signs monitors or nurse assessments in major abdominal surgery. METHODS Adult patients were eligible for inclusion in this prospective observational study validating the Empatica E4 wrist sensor intraoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcomes were the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between manual and device recordings of heart rate (HR) and temperature evaluated via Bland-Altman analysis. Secondary analysis was conducted using Clarke-Error grid analysis. RESULTS Overall, 31 patients were recruited, and 27 patients completed the study. The median duration of recording per patient was 70.3 h, and a total of 2112 h of data recording were completed. Wrist-based HR measurement was accurate and moderately precise (bias: 0.3 bpm; 95% LoA -15.5 to 17.1), but temperature measurement was neither accurate nor precise (bias -2.2°C; 95% LoA -6.0 to 1.6). On Clarke-Error grid analysis, 74.5% and 29.6% of HR and temperature measurements, respectively, fell within the acceptable range of reference standards. CONCLUSIONS Continuous perioperative monitoring of HR and temperature after major abdominal surgery using wrist-based sensors is feasible but was limited in this study by low precision. While wrist-based devices offer promise for the continuous monitoring of high-risk surgical patients, current technology is inadequate. Ongoing device hardware and software innovation with robust validation is required before such technologies can be routinely adopted in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron I Wells
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sean Hb Seo
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Stefan Calder
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Armen Gharibans
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian P Bissett
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory O'Grady
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Pozzi T, Coppola S, Chiodaroli E, Cucinotta F, Becci F, Chiumello D. The evaluation of a non-invasive respiratory monitor in ards patients in supine and prone position. J Clin Monit Comput 2024; 38:671-677. [PMID: 38530502 PMCID: PMC11164716 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-024-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Prone positioning in addition to non invasive respiratory support is commonly used in patients with acute respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of an impedance-based non-invasive respiratory volume monitor (RVM) in supine and in prone position. METHODS In sedated, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated patients in volume-controlled mode with acute respiratory distress syndrome scheduled for prone positioning it was measured and compared non-invasively tidal volume and respiratory rate provided by the RVM in supine and, subsequently, in prone position, by maintaining unchanged the ventilatory setting. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled. No significant difference was found between measurements in supine and in prone position either for tidal volume (p = 0.795; p = 0.302) nor for respiratory rate (p = 0.181; p = 0.604). Comparing supine vs. prone position, the bias and limits of agreements for respiratory rate were 0.12 bpm (-1.4 to 1.6) and 20 mL (-80 to 120) for tidal volume. CONCLUSIONS The RVM is accurate in assessing tidal volume and respiratory rate in prone compared to supine position. Therefore, the RVM could be applied in non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure receiving prone positioning to monitor respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Coppola
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiodaroli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Becci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Chiumello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
- Coordinated Research Center on Respiratory Failure, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Wells CI, Xu W, Penfold JA, Keane C, Gharibans AA, Bissett IP, O’Grady G. OUP accepted manuscript. BJS Open 2022; 6:6564495. [PMID: 35388891 PMCID: PMC8988014 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wearable devices have been proposed as a novel method for monitoring patients after surgery to track recovery, identify complications early, and improve surgical safety. Previous studies have used a heterogeneous range of devices, methods, and analyses. This review aimed to examine current methods and wearable devices used for monitoring after abdominal surgery and identify knowledge gaps requiring further investigation. Methods A scoping review was conducted given the heterogeneous nature of the evidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Studies of wearable devices for monitoring of adult patients within 30 days after abdominal surgery were eligible for inclusion. Results A total of 78 articles from 65 study cohorts, with 5153 patients were included. Thirty-one different wearable devices were used to measure vital signs, physiological measurements, or physical activity. The duration of postoperative wearable device use ranged from 15 h to 3 months after surgery. Studies mostly focused on physical activity metrics (71.8 per cent). Continuous vital sign measurement and physical activity tracking both showed promise for detecting postoperative complications earlier than usual care, but conclusions were limited by poor device precision, adherence, occurrence of false alarms, data transmission problems, and retrospective data analysis. Devices were generally well accepted by patients, with high levels of acceptance, comfort, and safety. Conclusion Wearable technology has not yet realized its potential to improve postoperative monitoring. Further work is needed to overcome technical limitations, improve precision, and reduce false alarms. Prospective assessment of efficacy, using an intention-to-treat approach should be the focus of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron I. Wells
- Correspondence to: Cameron Wells, Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre 1142, New Zealand (e-mail:)
| | - William Xu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James A. Penfold
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Celia Keane
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Armen A. Gharibans
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian P. Bissett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg O’Grady
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
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Breathing variability during propofol/remifentanil procedural sedation with a single additional dose of midazolam or s-ketamine: a prospective observational study. J Clin Monit Comput 2021; 36:1219-1225. [PMID: 34767130 PMCID: PMC9293797 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-021-00773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Regulation of spontaneous breathing is highly complex and may be influenced by drugs administered during the perioperative period. Because of their different pharmacological properties we hypothesized that midazolam and s-ketamine exert different effects on the variability of minute ventilation (MV), tidal volume (TV) and respiratory rate (RR). Methods Patients undergoing procedural sedation (PSA) with propofol and remifentanil received a single dose of midazolam (1–3 mg, n = 10) or s-ketamine (10–25 mg, n = 10). We used non-invasive impedance-based respiratory volume monitoring to record RR as well as changes in TV and MV. Variability of these three parameters was calculated as coefficients of variation. Results TV and MV decreased during PSA to a comparable extent in both groups, whereas there was no significant change in RR. In line with our hypothesis we observed marked differences in breathing variability. The variability of MV (– 47.5% ± 24.8%, p = 0.011), TV (– 42.1% ± 30.2%, p = 0.003), and RR (– 28.5% ± 29.3%, p = 0.011) was significantly reduced in patients receiving midazolam. In contrast, variability remained unchanged in patients receiving s-ketamine (MV + 16% ± 45.2%, p = 0.182; TV +12% ± 47.7%, p = 0.390; RR +39% ± 65.2%, p = 0.129). After termination of PSA breathing variables returned to baseline values. Conclusions While midazolam reduces respiratory variability in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing procedural sedation, s-ketamine preserves variability suggesting different effects on the regulation of spontaneous breathing.
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van den Bosch OFC, Alvarez-Jimenez R, de Grooth HJ, Girbes ARJ, Loer SA. Breathing variability-implications for anaesthesiology and intensive care. Crit Care 2021; 25:280. [PMID: 34353348 PMCID: PMC8339683 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system reacts instantaneously to intrinsic and extrinsic inputs. This adaptability results in significant fluctuations in breathing parameters, such as respiratory rate, tidal volume, and inspiratory flow profiles. Breathing variability is influenced by several conditions, including sleep, various pulmonary diseases, hypoxia, and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have suggested that weaning failure during mechanical ventilation may be predicted by low respiratory variability. This review describes methods for quantifying breathing variability, summarises the conditions and comorbidities that affect breathing variability, and discusses the potential implications of breathing variability for anaesthesia and intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F C van den Bosch
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, ZH 6F 003, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ricardo Alvarez-Jimenez
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, ZH 6F 003, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan de Grooth
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, ZH 6F 003, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Armand R J Girbes
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, ZH 6F 003, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan A Loer
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, ZH 6F 003, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Prielipp RC, Fulesdi B, Brull SJ. Postoperative Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression: 3 Steps Forward. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1007-1011. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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