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Zhong M, Sun C, Zhou B. Anti-Mitochondrial and Insecticidal Effects of Artemisinin against Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086912. [PMID: 37108079 PMCID: PMC10138759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) is an endoperoxide molecule derived from the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L. and is clinically used as an antimalarial drug. As a secondary metabolite, the benefit of ART production to the host plant and the possible associated mechanism are not understood. It has previously been reported that Artemisia annua L. extract or ART can inhibit both insect feeding behaviors and growth; however, it is not known whether these effects are independent of each other, i.e., if growth inhibition is a direct outcome of the drug's antifeeding activity. Using the lab model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we demonstrated that ART repels the feeding of larvae. Nevertheless, feeding inhibition was insufficient to explain its toxicity on fly larval growth. We revealed that ART provoked a strong and instant depolarization when applied to isolated mitochondria from Drosophila while exerting little effect on mitochondria isolated from mice tissues. Thus, ART benefits its host plant through two distinct activities on the insect: a feeding-repelling action and a potent anti-mitochondrial action which may underlie its insect inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Hickman DT, Rasmussen A, Ritz K, Birkett MA, Neve P. Review: Allelochemicals as multi-kingdom plant defence compounds: towards an integrated approach. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1121-1131. [PMID: 32902160 PMCID: PMC7891363 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The capability of synthetic pesticides to manage weeds, insect pests and pathogens in crops has diminished due to evolved resistance. Sustainable management is thus becoming more challenging. Novel solutions are needed and, given the ubiquity of biologically active secondary metabolites in nature, such compounds require further exploration as leads for novel crop protection chemistry. Despite improving understanding of allelochemicals, particularly in terms of their potential for use in weed control, their interactions with multiple biotic kingdoms have to date largely been examined in individual compounds and not as a recurrent phenomenon. Here, multi-kingdom effects in allelochemicals are introduced by defining effects on various organisms, before exploring current understanding of the inducibility and possible ecological roles of these compounds with regard to the evolutionary arms race and dose-response relationships. Allelochemicals with functional benefits in multiple aspects of plant defence are described. Gathering these isolated areas of science under the unified umbrella of multi-kingdom allelopathy encourages the development of naturally-derived chemistries conferring defence to multiple discrete biotic stresses simultaneously, maximizing benefits in weed, insect and pathogen control, while potentially circumventing resistance. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin T Hickman
- Rothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
- University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Karl Ritz
- University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Paul Neve
- Rothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
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Montenegro IJ, Del Corral S, Diaz Napal GN, Carpinella MC, Mellado M, Madrid AM, Villena J, Palacios SM, Cuellar MA. Antifeedant effect of polygodial and drimenol derivatives against Spodoptera frugiperda and Epilachna paenulata and quantitative structure-activity analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1623-1629. [PMID: 29316155 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antifeedant activity of 18 sesquiterpenoids of the drimane family (polygodial, drimenol and derivatives) was investigated. RESULTS Polygodial, drimanic and nordrimanic derivatives were found to exert antifeedant effects against two insect species, Spodoptera frugiperda and Epilachna paenulata, which are pests of agronomic interest, indicating that they have potential as biopesticide agents. Among the 18 compounds tested, the epoxynordrimane compound (11) and isonordrimenone (4) showed the highest activity [50% effective concentration (EC50 ) = 23.28 and 25.63 nmol cm-2 , respectively, against S. frugiperda, and 50.50 and 59.00 nmol/cm2 , respectively, against E. paenulata]. CONCLUSION The results suggest that drimanic compounds have potential as new agents against S. frugiperda and E. paenulata. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of the whole series, supported by electronic studies, suggested that drimanic compounds have structural features necessary for increasing antifeedant activity, namely a C-9 carbonyl group and an epoxide at C-8 and C-9. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván J Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Soledad Del Corral
- INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN RECURSOS NATURALES Y SUSTENTABILIDAD-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IRNASUS-CONICET)-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Georgina N Diaz Napal
- INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN RECURSOS NATURALES Y SUSTENTABILIDAD-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IRNASUS-CONICET)-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Carpinella
- INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN RECURSOS NATURALES Y SUSTENTABILIDAD-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IRNASUS-CONICET)-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro M Madrid
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Joan Villena
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sara M Palacios
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Cuellar
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Mossa ATH. Green Pesticides: Essential Oils as Biopesticides in Insect-pest
Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jest.2016.354.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Díaz Napal G, Carpinella MC, Palacios SM. Insecticidal Properties of a Highly Potent Wax Isolated from Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081039. [PMID: 27529199 PMCID: PMC6272894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Dolichandra cynanchoides Cham. (Bignoniaceae) led to the isolation of a natural wax with anti-insect activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) and Epilachna paenulata (Coleptera). The compound was identified spectroscopically as an ester of a C27 fatty acid and a C25 alcohol, pentacosyl heptacosanoate (1). The effective doses of 1 for 50% feeding inhibition (ED50) of S. frugiperda and E. paenulata were 0.82 and 8.53 µg/cm², respectively, in a choice test, while azadirachtin showed ED50 of 0.10 and 0.59 µg/cm², respectively. In a no-choice test, both insects refused to feed on leaves treated with 1 at doses of 0.1 µg/cm² or greater inhibiting larval growth and dramatically reducing survival. The lethal doses 50 (LD50) of 1 were 0.39 and 0.68 µg/cm² for S. frugiperda and E. paenulata, respectively. These results indicate that 1 has potential for development as botanical insecticides. Similar esters might be obtainable in large quantities as many edible crops produce wax esters that are discarded during food processing. Research on these materials could lead to the detection of similar waxes with insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Díaz Napal
- Unidad Asociada Area Cs. Agr. Ing. Bio. y S.-CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Armada Argentina 3555, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María C Carpinella
- Unidad Asociada Area Cs. Agr. Ing. Bio. y S.-CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Armada Argentina 3555, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sara M Palacios
- Unidad Asociada Area Cs. Agr. Ing. Bio. y S.-CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Armada Argentina 3555, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Muangphrom P, Seki H, Suzuki M, Komori A, Nishiwaki M, Mikawa R, Fukushima EO, Muranaka T. Functional Analysis of Amorpha-4,11-Diene Synthase (ADS) Homologs from Non-Artemisinin-Producing Artemisia Species: The Discovery of Novel Koidzumiol and (+)-α-Bisabolol Synthases. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1678-1688. [PMID: 27273626 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of artemisinin, the most effective antimalarial compound, is limited to Artemisia annua. Enzymes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis include amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS), amorpha-4,11-diene 12-monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and artemisinic aldehyde Δ(11)13 reductase (DBR2). Although artemisinin and its specific intermediates are not detected in other Artemisia species, we reported previously that CYP71AV1 and DBR2 homologs were expressed in some non-artemisinin-producing Artemisia plants. These homologous enzymes showed similar functions to their counterparts in A. annua and can convert fed intermediates into the following products along the artemisinin biosynthesis in planta These findings suggested a partial artemisinin-producing ability in those species. In this study, we examined genes highly homologous to ADS, the first committed gene in the pathway, in 13 Artemisia species. We detected ADS homologs in A. absinthium, A. kurramensis and A. maritima. We analyzed the enzymatic functions of all of the ADS homologs after obtaining their cDNA. We found that the ADS homolog from A. absinthium exhibited novel activity in the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to koidzumiol, a rare natural sesquiterpenoid. Those from A. kurramensis and A. maritima showed similar, but novel, activities in the cyclization of FPP to (+)-α-bisabolol. The unique functions of the novel sesquiterpene synthases highly homologous to ADS found in this study could provide insight into the molecular basis of the exceptional artemisinin-producing ability in A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paskorn Muangphrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Munenori Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan KNC Laboratories Co., Ltd., 3-2-34 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271 Japan
| | - Aya Komori
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan KNC Laboratories Co., Ltd., 3-2-34 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271 Japan
| | - Mika Nishiwaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryota Mikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ery Odette Fukushima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan Continuing Professional Development Center, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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Creed C, Mollhagen A, Mollhagen N, Pszczolkowski MA. Artemisia arborescens "Powis Castle" extracts and α-thujone prevent fruit infestation by codling moth neonates. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1458-1464. [PMID: 25853962 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.985796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae), is a major cosmopolitan pest of the apple. The potential of plant-derived semiochemicals for codling moth control is poorly studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of crude extracts of five plants from the Asteraceae family: Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia arborescens L. "Powis Castle", Artemisia annua L., and Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. to prevent apple infestation by C. pomonella larvae and to identify the deterrent(s) in these plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Artemisia dried leaves were extracted in v/v mixture of 80% ethanol, 10% isopropanol, and 10% of methanol, and the extracts were analyzed using high-performance thin layer chromatography. Preference of fruit treated with test solutions (Artemisia extracts or α-thujone) versus fruit treated with solvent was studied using choice assays. RESULTS α-Thujone was detected in A. arborescens extract at a concentration of 77.4 ± 2.4 mg/g of dry tissue, localized between Rf 0.75 and 0.79 and was absent from crude extracts of remaining Artemisia species. Material from each extract in the zone between Rf 0.75 and 0.79 was removed from chromatographic plates and tested for feeding deterrence. Only the material from A. arborescens showed feeding deterrent properties. Minimum concentrations that prevented fruit infestation were 10 mg/ml for α-thujone and 1 mg/ml for A. arborescens crude extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Artemisia arborescens contains chemicals that prevent apple infestation by codling moth neonates. Thujone is one of these chemicals, but it is not the only constituent of A. arborescens crude extract that prevents fruit infestation by codling moth neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Creed
- Darr School of Agriculture, Missouri State University , Mountain Grove, MO , USA
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David ND, Mauro MDO, Gonçalves CA, Pesarini JR, Strapasson RLB, Kassuya CAL, Stefanello MÉA, Cunha-Laura AL, Monreal ACD, Oliveira RJ. Gochnatia polymorpha ssp. floccosa: bioprospecting of an anti-inflammatory phytotherapy for use during pregnancy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:370-9. [PMID: 24727192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gochnatia polymorpha ssp. floccosa is used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and infections. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly consumed medications during pregnancy in women with inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship between the use of NSAIDs and the risk of miscarriage and birth defects and/or benefits is not fully understood. Thus, an investigation regarding the use of Gochnatia polymorpha during gestation is of relevance for developing safe anti-inflammatory drugs for use during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pregnant females were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control group received a hydroalcoholic solution (1.2%), via gavage, for at least 15 days prior to mating and throughout the gestational period. The pre-treatment group received Gochnatia polymorpha ethanol extract (GPEE), via gavage, at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) for at least 15 days prior to mating and up to the appearance of the vaginal plug. The organogenesis group received GPEE at a dose of 100mg/kg (b.w.), via gavage, on the 5-15th gestacional day. The pregnancy group received GPEE at a dose of 100mg/kg (b.w.), via gavage, throughout the gestational period (from the 1st to the 18th day of pregnancy). The pre+pregnancy group received GPEE at a dose of 100mg/kg (b.w.), via gavage, for at least 15 days prior to mating and throughout the entire gestational period. The clinical signals of maternal toxicity and teratogenesis were evaluated. Additional assays to evaluate chronic inflammation, antigenotoxicity and immunomodolatory activity were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that GPEE does not interfere with reproductive performance or embryo-fetal development but does correlate with reduced weight and fetal length. The extract was not teratogenic or mutagenic or an immunomodulator. However, GPEE did exhibit effective anti-inflammatory activity. Based on this study, it can be inferred that GPEE is an important, safe anti-inflammatory agent for use during pregnancy according to the experimental design we utilized, which opens up possibilities for the bioprospecting of a new anti-inflammatory phytotherapy for use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan de David
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Núcleo de Hospital Universitário (NHU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Mauro
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Núcleo de Hospital Universitário (NHU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade - Rede Pró Centro-Oeste, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amélia Gonçalves
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Núcleo de Hospital Universitário (NHU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Renato Pesarini
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Núcleo de Hospital Universitário (NHU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andréa Luiza Cunha-Laura
- Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Duenhas Monreal
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos em Células Tronco, Terapia Celular e Genética Toxicológica (CeTroGen), Núcleo de Hospital Universitário (NHU), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Mestrado em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina "Dr. Hélio Mandetta" (FAMED), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Knudsmark Jessing K, Duke SO, Cedergreeen N. Potential ecological roles of artemisinin produced by Artemisia annua L. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:100-17. [PMID: 24500733 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. (annual wormwood, Asteraceae) and its secondary metabolite artemisinin, a unique sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide bridge, has gained much attention due to its antimalarial properties. Artemisinin has a complex structure that requires a significant amount of energy for the plant to synthesize. So, what are the benefits to A. annua of producing this unique compound, and what is the ecological role of artemisinin? This review addresses these questions, discussing evidence of the potential utility of artemisinin in protecting the plant from insects and other herbivores, as well as pathogens and competing plant species. Abiotic factors affecting the artemisinin production, as well as mechanisms of artemisinin release to the surroundings also are discussed, and new data are provided on the toxicity of artemisinin towards soil and aquatic organisms. The antifungal and antibacterial effects reported are not very pronounced. Several studies have reported that extracts of A. annua have insecticidal effects, though few studies have proven that artemisinin could be the single compound responsible for the observed effects. However, the pathogen(s) or insect(s) that may have provided the selection pressure for the evolution of artemisinin synthesis may not have been represented in the research thus far conducted. The relatively high level of phytotoxicity of artemisinin in soil indicates that plant/plant allelopathy could be a beneficial function of artemisinin to the producing plant. The release routes of artemisinin (movement from roots and wash off from leaf surfaces) from A. annua to the soil support the rationale for allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Knudsmark Jessing
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark,
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Kong J, Yang Y, Wang W, Cheng K, Zhu P. Artemisinic acid: A promising molecule potentially suitable for the semi-synthesis of artemisinin. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40525g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ni L, Acharya K, Hao X, Li S. Isolation and identification of an anti-algal compound from Artemisia annua and mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:1051-1057. [PMID: 22658940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this work were to isolate and identify an anti-algal compound from extracts of Artemisia annua and study its mode of action on Microcystis aeruginosa. The anti-algal compound was isolated from the extracts using column chromatography and activity-guided fractionation methods. Artemisinin with strong anti-algal activity was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The EC(50) of artemisinin on M. aeruginosa was 3.2mg L(-1). Artemisinin decreased the soluble protein content and increased the superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbic acid content of M. aeruginosa, but exerted no effect on soluble sugar content. The results suggested the mode of action of artemisinin on algae may primarily be the increasing level of reactive oxygen species in algae cells. The results of our research could aid in the development of new anti-algal substances and lead to further study of mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, MOE, School of Environment, Hohai University, 210098 Nanjing, China.
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James R, Xu J. Mechanisms by which pesticides affect insect immunity. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 109:175-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abad Martínez MJ, Del Olmo LMB, Ticona LA, Benito PB. The Artemisia L. Genus. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY VOLUME 37 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59514-0.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Durden K, Sellars S, Cowell B, Brown JJ, Pszczolkowski MA. Artemisia annua extracts, artemisinin and 1,8-cineole, prevent fruit infestation by a major, cosmopolitan pest of apples. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:563-568. [PMID: 21385092 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.528433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Extracts of Artemisia annua (L.) (Asteraceae) and artemisinins are used for treatment of malaria, parasitic infections and have potent anticancer properties in cell lines. Eucalyptus oil and 1,8-cineole have antimicrobial, immune-stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and spasmolytic effects. Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, (L.) (Tortricidae), is a major cosmopolitan pest of the apple, potentially causing damage translating to 40 billion US dollars per year, globally. Currently used control measures are either hazardous to agricultural workers and harmful to environment, or ineffective. The potential of plant-derived semiochemicals for codling moth control is heavily understudied. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the potential of A. annua extracts, and two chemicals that this plant contains, artemisinin and 1,8-cineole, for preventing apple feeding and infestation by neonate Cydia pomonella larvae. METHODS We studied effects of A. annua extracts, artemisinin and 1,8-cineole on apple infestation by neonate codling moth larvae using fruit choice assay in laboratory experiments. Preference of fruit treated with test solutions versus fruit treated with solvent was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Crude A. annua extracts prevented fruit feeding at 1, 3, and 10 mg/ml. Artemisinin had feeding deterrent effects at 10 and 30 mg/ml, and 1,8-cineole at 100 and 300 mg/ml. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A. annua contains chemicals that prevent apple infestation by codling moth neonates. Artemisinin and 1,8-cineole are among them, but there are other, polar constituents of A. annua, which have similar effects. There is a potential of using our findings in codling moth control and production of codling moth-resistant apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Durden
- William H. Darr School of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Mountain Grove, MO, USA
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Damiani N, Gende LB, Maggi MD, Palacios S, Marcangeli JA, Eguaras MJ. Repellent and acaricidal effects of botanical extracts on Varroa destructor. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:79-86. [PMID: 20838808 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of indigenous plants from South America have shown a broad spectrum of bioactivities. No-contaminant and natural substances have recently resurged as control treatment options for varroosis in honey bee colonies from Argentina. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biological activity of botanical extracts from Baccharis flabellata and Minthostachys verticillata on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera. The acaricidal and insecticidal activities were assessed by the spraying application method. Both ethanolic extracts showed high levels of toxicity against the mites and were harmless to their host, A. mellifera. During the attractive-repellent test, the olfactory stimulus evoked for the extract from B. flabellata resulted as a repellent for mites. The aromatic stimulus of these extracts would be strong enough to cause disturbance on the behavior of V. destructor. Thus, the repellent effect of these substances plus the toxicity on mites postulate these botanical extracts like promising natural compound to be incorporated for the control of varroosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Damiani
- Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3350 (7600) Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Diaz Napal GN, Defagó MT, Valladares GR, Palacios SM. Response of Epilachna paenulata to two flavonoids, pinocembrin and quercetin, in a comparative study. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:898-904. [PMID: 20589417 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of the flavonoids pinocembrin and quercetin on the feeding behavior, survival, and development of the Cucurbitaceae pest Epilachna paenulata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). In no-choice experiments, 48 hr-consumption of Cucurbita maxima Duch. leaves treated with pinocembrin at 1, 5, and 50 microg/cm(2) was less than one third of that for leaves treated with 0.1 microg/cm(2) of pinocembrin or untreated leaves. Larvae stopped feeding after 9 days of high doses of pinocembrin (5 and 50 microg/cm(2)), and larval weight and survival were negatively affected by pinocembrin at 1-50 microg/cm(2). Delayed mortality in comparison to food-deprived larvae suggests that the mechanism of action for pinocembrin is chronic intoxication, rather than simple starvation from antifeedant effects. In contrast, leaf consumption and larval weight were not significantly affected by quercetin (at 0.1, 1, 5, and 50 microg/cm(2)) while mortality rates were only slightly increased. The response of E. paenulata larvae in a choice-test to combinations of pinocembrin at antifeedant doses (5 and 50 microg/cm(2)) and quercetin at phagostimulant doses (0.01 and 0.1 microg/cm(2)) indicated that the feeding deterrent activity of the former completely overshadowed the stimulant activity of the latter. These results demonstrate the different responses of one insect species to two widely distributed plant flavonoids. Pinocembrin strongly affected survival of E. paenulata while quercetin had only a weak effect without major consequences on the insect life-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina N Diaz Napal
- Laboratorio de Química Fina y Productos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Camino a Alta Gracia Km 10, (5000), Córdoba, Argentina
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Palacios SM, Bertoni A, Rossi Y, Santander R, Urzúa A. Insecticidal activity of essential oils from native medicinal plants of Central Argentina against the house fly, Musca domestica (L.). Parasitol Res 2009; 106:207-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jessing KK, Cedergreen N, Jensen J, Hansen HCB. Degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2009; 28:701-10. [PMID: 19391681 DOI: 10.1897/08-153r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant Artemisia annua L. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. Artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. Large-scale cultivation of A. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. In the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisinin in sandy and loamy soils were measured. The soil concentrations in a Danish A. annua field were up to 11.7 mg/kg. The degradation kinetics could be modeled as the sum of two first-order reactions, a fast initial degradation followed by a reaction that was 11- to 25-fold slower. It took at least 35 d before artemisinin could not be detected (<0.36 mg/kg) at 20 degrees C, classifying artemisinin as being relatively persistent in the environment. Combined with its water solubility of 49.7 +/- 3.7 mg/L, this makes it potentially leachable. In soil, artemisinin repelled the earthworm (Eisenia fetida; the 10 and 50% effect concentrations [EC10s and EC50s, respectively] were 5.24 +/- 2.64 and 21.57 +/- 4.73 mg/kg, respectively) and inhibited growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.; EC50, 2.48 mg/kg). Springtails (Folsomia candida) were not affected in the tested concentration range of 1 to 100 mg/kg. Artemisinin had toxicity to the freshwater algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; EC50, 0.24 +/- 0.01 mg/L) and duckweed (Lemna minor; EC50, 0.19 +/- 0.03 mg/L) similar to that of the commercial herbicide atrazine. Based on the presented data, the risks of adverse environmental effects because of cultivation of A. annua are high and comparable to those when using commercial pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina K Jessing
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, Thorvaldsensvej, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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ZHANG YQ, DING W, ZHAO ZM, WU J, FAN YH. Studies on Acaricidal Bioactivities of Artemisia annua L. Extracts Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bois. (Acari: Tetranychidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(08)60055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. The literature from January to December 2005 is reviewed,and 386 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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