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Souza JPA, Bandeira PT, Bergmann J, Zarbin PHG. Recent advances in the synthesis of insect pheromones: an overview from 2013 to 2022. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:866-889. [PMID: 36820746 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to June 2022Pheromones are usually produced by insects in sub-microgram amounts, which prevents the elucidation of their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Instead, a synthetic reference material is needed to confirm the structure of the natural compounds. In addition, the provision of synthetic pheromones enables large-scale field trials for the development of environmentally friendly pest management tools. Because of these potential applications in pest control, insect pheromones are attractive targets for the development of synthetic procedures and the synthesis of these intraspecific chemical messengers has been at the core of numerous research efforts in the field of pheromone chemistry. The present review is a quick reference guide for the syntheses of insect pheromones published from 2013 to mid-2022, listing the synthesized compounds and highlighting current methodologies in organic synthesis, such as carbon-carbon coupling reactions, organo-transition metal chemistry including ring-closing olefin metathesis, asymmetric epoxidations and dihydroxylations, and enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P A Souza
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil.
| | - Pamela T Bandeira
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil. .,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avda. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil.
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Schulz S, Möllerke A. MACE - An Open Access Data Repository of Mass Spectra for Chemical Ecology. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:589-597. [PMID: 35576088 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MACE is an open access collection of electron impact (EI) mass spectra for coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) that serves as an add-on database, comprising curated spectra not present in widely available commercial mass spectral libraries, such as the NIST or WILEY databases. The spectra are stored as text files that allow easy integration into individual GC/MS systems. The article describes the concept of MACE, the data structure, how to contribute, and its usage. MACE is designed as a community effort and will require contributions from the community to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Anton Möllerke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Zhong J, Yuan G, Liu J, Yu S, Wang X, Bian Q, Wang M. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Lichen Moth, Miltochrista calamine, and Its Diastereomer. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of a Miltochrista calamine sex pheromone and its diastereomer has been developed. The key steps of the synthetic approach involved Evans’ chiral auxiliaries and the addition of alkyne to aldehyde, which were firstly applied to prepare this sex pheromone and its diastereomer. The synthetic sex pheromone could be used to trap insects and study physiological and ecological questions of the lichen moth.
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Ando T, Yamamoto M. Semiochemicals containing lepidopteran sex pheromones: Wonderland for a natural product chemist. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:191-205. [PMID: 33304188 PMCID: PMC7691580 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d20-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the first identification of bombykol, sex pheromones of about 700 moth species have been elucidated. Additionally, field evaluations of synthetic pheromones and their related compounds have revealed the male attraction of another 1,300 species. These pheromones and attractants are listed on the web-sites, "Pheromone Database, Part I." Pheromone components are classified according to their chemical structures into two major groups (Types I and II) and miscellaneous. Based on our previous review published in 2004, studies reported during the last two decades are highlighted here to provide information on the structure characteristics of newly identified pheromones, current techniques for structure determination, new enantioselective syntheses of methyl-branched pheromones, and the progress of biosynthetic research. Besides the moth sex pheromones, various pheromones and allomones from many arthropod species have been uncovered. These semiochemicals are being collected in the "Pheromone Database, Part II." The chemical diversity provides a wonderland for natural product chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Ando
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Masanobu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Zongxiu L, Xiaoming C, Zhaoqun L, Lei B, Zhaojun X, Fida H, Zongmao C. Identification of Sex Pheromone of Miltochrista striata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:665-670. [PMID: 30668722 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A species of lichen moth, Miltochrista striata (Bremer & Grey, 1852), feeds on lichens in Chinese tea plantations (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Ericales:Theaceae)). A previous sex attractant screening test showed that male moths of M. striata were attracted by a mixture of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H), (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-19:H), and their monoepoxy derivatives. To determine which of the component is an effective sex attractant for M. striata, the sex pheromone glands of female moths were excised and extracted with n-hexane. By comparison with the retention time and mass spectra of synthetic chemicals, two compounds in the crude extracts were identified as Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxy-octadecadiene (Z3,Z6,epo9-18:H) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of electroantennographic tests showed that the electrophysiological activities of Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H and Z3,Z6,epo9-18:H were distinctly higher than those of (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxy-octadecadiene, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene, (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecatriene, (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecatriene, and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxy-nonadecatriene. Field trapping showed that only a mixture of Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H and Z3,Z6,epo9-18:H attracted male moths, and the optimal mixture of these compounds was the ratio of 4:6 at 1.0-mg dosage. The results represent the first determination of the sex pheromone of a lichen moth in a tea plantation and provide a scientific basis to develop an effective protocol using sex pheromone to monitor populations of M. striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zongxiu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai Xiaoming
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhaoqun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhaojun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hussain Fida
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zongmao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Insect pheromones are some of the most interesting natural products because they are utilized for interspecific communication between various insects, such as beetles, moths, ants, and cockroaches. A large number of compounds of many kinds have been identified as pheromone components, reflecting the diversity of insect species. While this review deals only with chiral methyl-branched pheromones, the chemical structures of more than one hundred non-terpene compounds have been determined by applying excellent analytical techniques. Furthermore, their stereoselective syntheses have been achieved by employing trustworthy chiral sources and ingenious enantioselective reactions. The information has been reviewed here not only to make them available for new research but also to understand the characteristic chemical structures of the chiral pheromones. Since biosynthetic studies are still limited, it might be meaningful to examine whether the structures, particularly the positions and configurations of the branched methyl groups, are correlated with the taxonomy of the pheromone producers and also with the function of the pheromones in communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Ando
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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