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Milonas PG, Anastasaki E, Psoma A, Partsinevelos G, Fragkopoulos GN, Kektsidou O, Vassilakos N, Kapranas A. Plant viruses induce plant volatiles that are detected by aphid parasitoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8721. [PMID: 37253808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphis gossypii (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) aphids are vectors of important plant viruses among which cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potato virus Y (PVY). Virus-infected plants attract aphid vectors and affect their behavior and growth performance either positively or negatively depending on mode of transmission. Viruses cause changes in the composition and the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the plant that attract aphids. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been shown to have higher parasitism and survival rates on aphids fed on virus-infected than aphids fed on non-infected plants. We hypothesized that parasitoids distinguish virus-infected plants and are attracted to them regardless of the presence of their aphid hosts. Herein, we examined the attraction of the A. colemani parasitoid to infected pepper plants with each of CMV or PVY without the presence of aphids. The dynamic headspace technique was used to collect VOCs from non-infected and CMV or PVY-infected pepper plants. Identification was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The response of the parasitoids on virus-infected vs non-infected pepper plants was tested by Y-tube olfactometer assays. The results revealed that parasitoids displayed a preference to CMV and PVY infected plants compared to those that were not infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Eirini Anastasaki
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Psoma
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios Partsinevelos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios N Fragkopoulos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Oxana Kektsidou
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloníki, Greece
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Dehghan A, Rounagh-Ardakani H, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadzadeh M, Mohammadzadeh M, Borzoui E. Induction of resistance, enzyme activity, and phytochemicals in canola plants treated with abscisic acid elevated based on nutrient availability: a case study on Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:17. [PMID: 37339102 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world including Iran. In the present study, we grew cultivated canola plants under different fertilizers or distilled water and sprayed them with 100 µM abscisic acid (ABA) or a control solution (NaOH dissolved in water) to study (i) the antibiosis parameters of B. brassicae on these plants; (ii) the antixenosis of B. brassicae adults on these plants; (iii) the plant's peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity; and (iv) the plant's total phenolic and glucosinolate content. The results of antibiosis experiments showed that ABA and fertilizers have a profound and negative effect on the performance of B. brassicae. In the antixenosis experiment, control plants attracted a significantly higher number of adult females in comparison to treated plants. Also, B. brassicae had lower performance and preference when they were reared on the ABA-treated fertilized plants with higher levels of phenolic and glucosinolate content. These results prompted us to hypothesize that fertilizers enable canola plants to trigger a higher level of secondary metabolites. Our findings reveal that the type and level of nutrient availability may have different impacts on how the plant regulates its defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Dehghan
- Department of Agriculture, Bam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Physiology and Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Borzoui
- Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- AriaShimi Co, Tehran, Iran
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Riahi C, González-Rodríguez J, Alonso-Valiente M, Urbaneja A, Pérez-Hedo M. Eliciting Plant Defenses Through Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles’ Exposure in Sweet Peppers. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.776827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect herbivory activates plant defense mechanisms and releases a blend of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). These volatile compounds may be involved in plant-plant communication and induce defense response in undamaged plants. In this work, we investigated whether the exposure of sweet pepper plants to HIPVs [(Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, hexyl butanoate, methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate] activates the sweet pepper immune defense system. For this, healthy sweet pepper plants were individually exposed to the each of the above mentioned HIPVs over 48 h. The expression of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid related genes was quantified. Here, we show that all the tested volatiles induced plant defenses by upregulating the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, the response of Frankliniella occidentalis, a key sweet pepper pest, and Orius laevigatus, the main natural enemy of F. occidentalis, to HIPV-exposed sweet pepper plants were studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. Only plants exposed to (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate and methyl salicylate repelled F. occidentalis whereas O. laevigatus showed a strong preference to plants exposed to (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenyl propanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl butanoate, methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. Our results show that HIPVs act as elicitors to sweet pepper plant defenses by enhancing defensive signaling pathways. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for integrating HIPVs-based approaches in sweet pepper pest management systems which may provide a sustainable strategy to manage insect pests in horticultural plants.
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Alberton D, Valdameri G, Moure VR, Monteiro RA, Pedrosa FDO, Müller-Santos M, de Souza EM. What Did We Learn From Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Grass Associations Studies Through Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.607343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth stimulation by microorganisms that interact in a mutually beneficial manner remains poorly understood. Understanding the nature of plant-bacteria interactions may open new routes for plant productivity enhancement, especially cereal crops consumed by humans. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses are particularly useful for elucidating these mechanisms. A complete depiction of these mechanisms will prompt researchers to develop more efficient plant-bacteria associations. The success of microorganisms as biofertilizers may replace the current massive use of chemical fertilizers, mitigating many environmental and economic issues. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and current state of the art in proteomics and metabolomics studies involving grass-bacteria associations. We also discuss essential subjects involved in the bacterial plant-growth promotion, such, nitrogen fixation, plant stress, defense responses, and siderophore production.
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Rusman Q, Poelman EH, Nowrin F, Polder G, Lucas‐Barbosa D. Floral plasticity: Herbivore-species-specific-induced changes in flower traits with contrasting effects on pollinator visitation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1882-1896. [PMID: 30659631 PMCID: PMC6850075 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenotypic plasticity in response to antagonists can affect other community members such as mutualists, conferring potential ecological costs associated with inducible plant defence. For flowering plants, induction of defences to deal with herbivores can lead to disruption of plant-pollinator interactions. Current knowledge on the full extent of herbivore-induced changes in flower traits is limited, and we know little about specificity of induction of flower traits and specificity of effect on flower visitors. We exposed flowering Brassica nigra plants to six insect herbivore species and recorded changes in flower traits (flower abundance, morphology, colour, volatile emission, nectar quantity, and pollen quantity and size) and the behaviour of two pollinating insects. Our results show that herbivory can affect multiple flower traits and pollinator behaviour. Most plastic floral traits were flower morphology, colour, the composition of the volatile blend, and nectar production. Herbivore-induced changes in flower traits resulted in positive, negative, or neutral effects on pollinator behaviour. Effects on flower traits and pollinator behaviour were herbivore species-specific. Flowers show extensive plasticity in response to antagonist herbivores, with contrasting effects on mutualist pollinators. Antagonists can potentially act as agents of selection on flower traits and plant reproduction via plant-mediated interactions with mutualists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quint Rusman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Farzana Nowrin
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Polder
- Greenhouse HorticultureWageningen University, WageningenThe Netherlands
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Khan AL, Mabood F, Akber F, Ali A, Shahzad R, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Shinwari ZK, Lee IJ. Endogenous phytohormones of frankincense producing Boswellia sacra tree populations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207910. [PMID: 30566477 PMCID: PMC6300221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Boswellia sacra, an endemic tree to Oman, is exposed to man-made incisions for commercial level frankincense production, whereas unsustainable harvesting may lead to population decline. In this case, assessment of endogenous phytohormones (gibberellic acid (GA), indole-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA) and kinetin) can help to understand population health and growth dynamics. Hence, it was aimed to devise a robust method using Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with multivariate methods for phytohormone analysis of thirteen different populations of B. sacra. NIRS data was recorded in absorption mode (10000-4000 cm-1) to build partial least squares regression model (calibration set 70%). Model was externally cross validated (30%) as a test set to check their prediction ability before the application to quantify the unknown amount of phytohormones in thirteen different populations of B. sacra. The results showed that phytohormonal contents varied significantly, showing a trend of SA>GA/IAA>kinetin across different populations. SA and GA contents were significantly higher in Pop13 (Hasik), followed by Pop2 (Dowkah)-an extreme end of B. sacra tree cover in Dhofar region. A similar trend in the concentration of phytohormones was found when the samples from 13 populations were subjected to advance liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometer and gas chromatograph with selected ion monitor analysis. The current analysis provides alternative tool to assess plant health, which could be important to in situ propagation of tree population as well as monitoring tree population growth dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Fazal Akber
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Amjad Ali
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | | | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Bouagga S, Urbaneja A, Rambla JL, Flors V, Granell A, Jaques JA, Pérez-Hedo M. Zoophytophagous mirids provide pest control by inducing direct defences, antixenosis and attraction to parasitoids in sweet pepper plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1286-1296. [PMID: 29274122 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their services as predators, mirid predators are able to induce plant defences by phytophagy. However, whether this induction occurs in sweet pepper and whether it could be an additional benefit to their role as a biological control agent in this crop remain unknown. Here, these questions were investigated in two model insects, the mirids Nesidiocoris tenuis and Macrolophus pygmaeus. RESULTS Plant feeding behaviour was observed in both N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus on sweet pepper and occupied 33% and 14% of total time spent on the plant, respectively. The punctures caused by mirid plant feeding induced the release of a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which repelled the herbivore pests Frankliniella occidentalis and Bemisia tabaci and attracted the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa. The repellent effect on B. tabaci was observed for at least 7 days after initial exposure of the plant to N. tenuis, and attraction of E. formosa remained functional for 14 days. CONCLUSION Plant defences induced by the feeding of mirid predators, their subsequent effects on the behaviour of both pests and natural enemies, and the persistence of these observed effects open the door to new control strategies in the sweet pepper crop. Further application of this research is discussed, such as the vaccination of plants by zoophytophagous mirids in the nursery before transplantation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Bouagga
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología., Moncada, Spain
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología., Moncada, Spain
| | - José L Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJI-IVIA, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJI-IVIA, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología., Moncada, Spain
- Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJI-IVIA, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Chrétien LTS, David A, Daikou E, Boland W, Gershenzon J, Giron D, Dicke M, Lucas‐Barbosa D. Caterpillars induce jasmonates in flowers and alter plant responses to a second attacker. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1279-1291. [PMID: 29207438 PMCID: PMC5814890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In nature, herbivorous insects and plant pathogens are generally abundant when plants are flowering. Thus, plants face a diversity of attackers during their reproductive phase. Plant responses to one attacker can interfere with responses to a second attacker, and phytohormones that orchestrate plant reproduction are also involved in resistance to insect and pathogen attack. We quantified phytohormonal responses of flowering plants exposed to single or dual attack and studied resistance mechanisms of plants in the flowering stage. Flowering Brassica nigra were exposed to either a chewing caterpillar, a phloem-feeding aphid or a bacterial pathogen, and plant hormonal responses were compared with dual attack situations. We quantified phytohormones in inflorescences and leaves, and determined the consequences of hormonal changes for components of direct and indirect plant resistance. Caterpillars were the main inducers of jasmonates in inflorescences, and the phytohormonal profile of leaves was not affected by either insect or pathogen attack. Dual attack increased plant resistance to caterpillars, but compromised resistance to aphids. Parasitoid performance was negatively correlated with the performance of their hosts. We conclude that plants prioritize resistance of reproductive tissues over vegetative tissues, and that a chewing herbivore species is the main driver of responses in flowering B. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille T. S. Chrétien
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1, Radix building6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI)UMR 7261CNRS/Université François‐Rabelais de ToursAvenue Monge, Parc Grandmont37200ToursFrance
- Department of BiologyÉcole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS L)46 Allée d'Italie69007LyonFrance
| | - Anja David
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI CE)Beutenberg Campus, Hans‐Knoell‐Strasse 8D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - Eirini Daikou
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1, Radix building6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI CE)Beutenberg Campus, Hans‐Knoell‐Strasse 8D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPI CE)Beutenberg Campus, Hans‐Knoell‐Strasse 8D‐07745JenaGermany
| | - David Giron
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI)UMR 7261CNRS/Université François‐Rabelais de ToursAvenue Monge, Parc Grandmont37200ToursFrance
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1, Radix building6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Dani Lucas‐Barbosa
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1, Radix building6708PBWageningenthe Netherlands
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Naselli M, Urbaneja A, Siscaro G, Jaques JA, Zappalà L, Flors V, Pérez-Hedo M. Stage-Related Defense Response Induction in Tomato Plants by Nesidiocoris tenuis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081210. [PMID: 27472328 PMCID: PMC5000608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of direct predation by zoophytophagous biological control agents (BCAs), such as the mirid bug Nesidiocoris tenuis, are well-known. However, the benefits of zoophytophagous BCAs’ relation with host plants, via induction of plant defensive responses, have not been investigated until recently. To date, only the females of certain zoophytophagous BCAs have been demonstrated to induce defensive plant responses in tomato plants. The aim of this work was to determine whether nymphs, adult females, and adult males of N. tenuis are able to induce defense responses in tomato plants. Compared to undamaged tomato plants (i.e., not exposed to the mirid), plants on which young or mature nymphs, or adult males or females of N. tenuis fed and developed were less attractive to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but were more attractive to the parasitoid Encarsia formosa. Female-exposed plants were more repellent to B. tabaci and more attractive to E. formosa than were male-exposed plants. When comparing young- and mature-nymph-exposed plants, the same level of repellence was obtained for B. tabaci, but mature-nymph-exposed plants were more attractive to E. formosa. The repellent effect is attributed to the signaling pathway of abscisic acid, which is upregulated in N. tenuis-exposed plants, whereas the parasitoid attraction was attributed to the activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that all motile stages of N. tenuis can trigger defensive responses in tomato plants, although these responses may be slightly different depending on the stage considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Naselli
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alberto Urbaneja
- Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km. 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gaetano Siscaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJI-IVIA, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, UJI, Campus del Riu Sec, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Víctor Flors
- Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJI-IVIA, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, UJI, Campus del Riu Sec, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Pérez-Hedo
- Unidad Asociada de Entomología UJI-IVIA, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km. 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
- Unitat Associada d'Entomologia UJI-IVIA, Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, UJI, Campus del Riu Sec, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
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Verschut TA, Becher PG, Anderson P, Hambäck PA. Disentangling associational effects: both resource density and resource frequency affect search behaviour in complex environments. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Verschut
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 102 230 53 Alnarp Sweden
| | - Peter A. Hambäck
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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Groten K, Nawaz A, Nguyen NHT, Santhanam R, Baldwin IT. Silencing a key gene of the common symbiosis pathway in Nicotiana attenuata specifically impairs arbuscular mycorrhizal infection without influencing the root-associated microbiome or plant growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2398-416. [PMID: 25923645 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While the biochemical function of calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is well studied, and plants impaired in the expression of CCaMK are known not to be infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in glasshouse studies, the whole-plant and ecological consequences of CCaMK silencing are not well understood. Here we show that three independently transformed lines of Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in CCaMK (irCCaMK) are neither infected by Rhizophagus irregularis in the glasshouse nor by native fungal inoculum in the field. The overall fungal community of field-grown roots did not differ significantly among empty vector (EV) and the transgenic lines, and the bacterial communities only showed minor differences, as revealed by the alpha-diversity parameters of bacterial OTUs, which were higher in EV plants compared with two of the three transformed lines, while beta-diversity parameters did not differ. Furthermore, growth and fitness parameters were similar in the glasshouse and field. Herbivory-inducible and basal levels of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid did not differ among the genotypes, suggesting that activation of the classical defence pathways are not affected by CCaMK silencing. Based on these results, we conclude that silencing of CCaMK has few, if any, non-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Groten
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nam H T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Rakesh Santhanam
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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