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Howse ET, van Klinken RD, Beeton NJ, Spafford H, James KP, Hill MP. Field evaluation of female- and male-targeted traps for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae139. [PMID: 38936416 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a globally significant economic pest for which lure based trapping can be used to monitor established populations and for surveillance. Either female- or male-targeted traps can be used; however, recommendations on which to apply are inconsistent and many programs rely on male-targeted traps. Here, we compare the performance of male-targeted traps (Lynfield Trap with Trimedlure) and female-targeted traps (Biotrap Globe trap with the 3-component lure-TMA Plus) in apple orchards in south-west Western Australia over 2 years (September 2019 to September 2021). Male-targeted traps caught more Medflies overall than female-targeted traps, although the difference was minor. However, female-targeted traps were better at attracting Medfly early in the season when populations were small; and were more likely to capture at least one fly when their paired male-targeted trap caught none. Conversely, male-targeted traps were more likely to capture Medflies late in the season and were more likely to catch high numbers of Medflies. Consequently, female-targeted traps may be better at detecting Medfly early in the season, and male-targeted traps may be better at detecting Medfly abundance late in the season, at least in apple orchards. Our results suggest that either or both trap-types could be used for monitoring Medfly populations, with the optimal solution being dependent on the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot T Howse
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | | | | | - Helen Spafford
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Kim P James
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Matthew P Hill
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
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2
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Fu H, Xiao G, Yang Z, Hu P. EsigPBP3 Was the Important Pheromone-Binding Protein to Recognize Male Pheromones and Key Eucalyptus Volatiles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2940. [PMID: 38474187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are specific odorant-binding proteins that can specifically recognize insect pheromones. Through transcriptional analysis of the antennae of adult Endoclita signifer, EsigPBP3 was discovered and identified, and EsigPBP3 was found to be highly expressed in the antennae of male moths. Based on the binding characteristics and ability of EsigPBP3, we can find the key ligands and binding site to consider as a target to control the key wood bore E. signifier. In this study, the fluorescence competitive binding assays (FCBA) showed that EsigPBP3 had a high binding affinity for seven key eucalyptus volatiles. Molecular docking analysis revealed that EsigPBP3 had the strongest binding affinity for the sexual pheromone component, (3E,7E)-4,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,7,10-dodecatetraene. Furthermore, same as the result of FCBA, the EsigPBP3 exhibited high binding affinities to key eucalyptus volatiles, eucalyptol, α-terpinene, (E)-beta-ocimene, (-)-β-pinene, and (-)-α-pinene, and PHE35, MET7, VAL10, PHE38, ILE52, and PHE118 are key sites. In summary, EsigPBP3 exhibits high binding affinity to male pheromones and key volatile compounds and the crucial binding sites PHE35, MET7, VAL10, PHE38, ILE52, and PHE118 can act as targets in the recognition of E. signifier pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Fu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guipeng Xiao
- Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhende Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Cultivation and Utilization of Subtropical Forest Plantation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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van Klinken RD, Gladish DW, Manoukis NC, Caley P, Hill MP. Simulation to investigate site-based monitoring of pest insect species for trade. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1296-1306. [PMID: 37312603 PMCID: PMC10413999 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pest insect surveillance using lures is widely used to support market access requirements for traded articles that are hosts or carriers of quarantine pests. Modeling has been used extensively to guide the design of surveillance to support pest free area claims but is less commonly applied to provide confidence in pest freedom or low pest prevalence within sites registered for trade. Site-based surveillance typically needs to detect pests that are already present in the site or that may be entering the site from surrounding areas. We assessed the ability of site-based surveillance strategies to detect pests originating from within or outside the registered site using a probabilistic trapping network simulation model with random-walk insect movement and biologically realistic parameters. For a given release size, time-dependent detection probability was primarily determined by trap density and lure attractiveness, whereas mean step size (daily dispersal) had limited effect. Results were robust to site shape and size. For pests already within the site, detection was most sensitive using regularly spaced traps. Perimeter traps performed best for detecting pests moving into the site, although the importance of trap arrangement decreased with time from release, and random trap placement performed relatively well compared to regularly spaced traps. High detection probabilities were achievable within 7 days using realistic values for lure attractiveness and trap density. These findings, together with the modeling approach, can guide the development of internationally agreed principles for designing site-based surveillance of lure-attractant pests that is calibrated against the risk of non-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas C Manoukis
- Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Centre, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Peter Caley
- CSIRO Data61, GPO Box 1700 Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew P Hill
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, GPO Box 1700, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
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4
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Simulation-based evaluation of two insect trapping grids for delimitation surveys. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11089. [PMID: 35773305 PMCID: PMC9246880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States of America, delimitation trapping surveys with square grids have been used for decades for exotic insects without rigorous evaluation. We used simulations to investigate the effectiveness of two representative designs: an 8-km grid for Acrolepiopsis assectella (leek moth) and a 14.5-km grid for Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly, "Medfly"). We investigated grid compositions and design factors, measuring performance as the mean probability of pest capture over all traps, p(capture), and designed improved grids for both species. For the standard designs, p(capture) was 0.86 for leek moth and 0.71 for Medfly, with the latter performing better due to greater lure and trap attractiveness. For both designs, 86 percent or more of mean p(capture) came from core area captures. Egress testing indicated that both grids were oversized. An improved grid for leek moths would use 177 traps in a 4.8-km diameter circle, which had mean p(capture) = 0.73 and reduced the cost by 80 percent. The best Medfly grid was a 4.8-km diameter circle with 232 traps, which gave mean p(capture) of 0.66 and reduced the cost by 86 percent. Simulation may be used to improve trapping survey plans, often saving significantly on costs while maintaining survey performance.
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Caton BP, Fang H, Manoukis NC, Pallipparambil GR. Simulation-Based Investigation of the Performance of Delimiting Trapping Surveys for Insect Pests. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2581-2590. [PMID: 34633043 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fully trapped survey designs are widely used to delimit adventive pests populations that can be detected using traps and lures. Delimitation includes verifying the presence of the pest and determining its spatial extent. The size and shape of the survey design and the density of traps can vary; however, resulting variation in detecting efficiency is often unknown. We used a trapping network simulation model with diffusion-based insect movement to investigate delimiting survey trapping design performance for fully trapped and some modified designs. Simulations included randomized outbreak locations in a core area and a duration of 30 d. We assessed impacts of insect dispersal ability, grid size and shape, and trap attractiveness and density on survey performance, measured as mean probability of capturing individual pests [p(capture)]. Most published grids are square, but circles performed equally well and are more efficient. Over different grid sizes, p(capture) increased for insects with greater dispersal ability but was generally unresponsive to size because most captures occurred in central areas. For low dispersing insects, the likelihood of egress was approximately zero with a 3.2-km square grid, whereas an 11.3-km grid was needed to contain highly vagile insects. Trap attractiveness affected p(capture) more strongly than density: lower densities of poorly attractive traps may underperform expectations. Variable density designs demonstrated potential for cost savings but highlighted that resource-intensive outer bands are critical to boundary determination. Results suggesting that many grids are oversized need empirical verification, whereas other principles, such as using circular shapes, are readily adoptable now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barney P Caton
- Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 920 Main Campus Drive, Suite 400, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nicholas C Manoukis
- Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USAand
| | - Godshen R Pallipparambil
- Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, 1730 Varsity Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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How to Count Bugs: A Method to Estimate the Most Probable Absolute Population Density and Its Statistical Bounds from a Single Trap Catch. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100932. [PMID: 34680701 PMCID: PMC8540812 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The importance of conservation and pest management programs cannot be overstated as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and biological invasions are on the rise. Such programs often rely on traps for population detection and monitoring, assigning management and conservation tactics, and evaluating treatment efficacies. In this paper, we propose a universal method for any insect trap system to estimate the most probable absolute population density and its statistical bounds from a single trap catch. This approach will help take insect detection and monitoring to a new, rigorously quantitative level. Abstract Knowledge of insect population density is crucial for establishing management and conservation tactics and evaluating treatment efficacies. Here, we propose a simple and universal method for estimating the most probable absolute population density and its statistical bounds. The method is based on a novel relationship between experimentally measurable characteristics of insect trap systems and the probability to catch an insect located a given distance away from the trap. The generality of the proposed relationship is tested using 10 distinct trapping datasets collected for insects from 5 different orders and using major trapping methods, i.e., chemical-baited traps and light. For all datasets, the relationship faithfully (R¯=0.91) describes the experiment. The proposed approach will take insect detection and monitoring to a new, rigorously quantitative level. It will improve conservation and management, while driv-ing future basic and applied research in population and chemical ecology.
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Amos BA, Cardé RT. Efficiency of the CO 2 -baited omni-directional Fay-Prince trap under semi-field conditions and characterizing response behaviours for the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:426-433. [PMID: 33780011 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of several serious disease-causing viruses including Dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. Effective and efficient trapping methods are essential for meaningful mosquito population and disease-presence surveillance and ultimately, vector control. The Fay-Prince trap (FPT) was developed in the late 1960s as a daytime visual trap for male Ae. aegypti. Since then, its use has been expanded into the trapping of female Ae. aegypti, Aedes albopictus Skuse, other Ae. spp., and Culex spp. The efficiency of the FPT alone and with CO2 was tested under semi-field conditions and the behaviour of responding female Ae. aegypti was characterized. The mean capture efficiency of the FPT with CO2 per 30 min in the greenhouse was 3.07% and the capture rate from the total number of mosquitoes in our semi-field setup was slightly higher at 4.45%. Understanding the behaviours that mosquitoes exhibit during their encounter with particularly a visual trap may recommend trap improvements and contributes to our understanding of host-seeking behaviour and how it might be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan A Amos
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
| | - Ring T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
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Cardé RT. Navigation Along Windborne Plumes of Pheromone and Resource-Linked Odors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:317-336. [PMID: 32926790 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-024932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many insects locate resources such as a mate, a host, or food by flying upwind along the odor plumes that these resources emit to their source. A windborne plume has a turbulent structure comprised of odor filaments interspersed with clean air. As it propagates downwind, the plume becomes more dispersed and dilute, but filaments with concentrations above the threshold required to elicit a behavioral response from receiving organisms can persist for long distances. Flying insects orient along plumes by steering upwind, triggered by the optomotor reaction. Sequential measurements of differences in odor concentration are unreliable indicators of distance to or direction of the odor source. Plume intermittency and the plume's fine-scale structure can play a role in setting an insect's upwind course. The prowess of insects in navigating to odor sources has spawned bioinspired virtual models and even odor-seeking robots, although some of these approaches use mechanisms that are unnecessarily complex and probably exceed an insect's processing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ring T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
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9
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Amos BA, Cardé RT. Efficiency of CO 2 -baited CDC miniature light traps under semi-field conditions and characterizing response behaviors of female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:180-187. [PMID: 33207060 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important vector of viruses causing dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever and as such is a threat to public health worldwide. Effective trapping methods are essential for surveillance of both mosquito species and disease presence. The Centers for Disease Control Miniature Light Trap (CDC-MLT) is an updated version of the New Jersey light trap, which was developed early in the 20th century. This trap is widely reported as being less successful for Ae. aegypti than for other mosquito species, although the reason for this is unclear. This trap has engendered more Ae. aegypti-tailored designs that still represent the basic design model. The efficiency of the CDC-MLT alone and with CO2 was tested under semi-field conditions and the behavior of responding female Ae. aegypti was characterized. The CDC-MLT alone failed to capture any mosquitoes and with CO2 the capture efficiency was less than 2%. Understanding the behaviors that mosquitoes exhibit while encountering a particular trap design or trapping concept may suggest trap improvements to increase capture efficiency. Moreover, this work contributes to our understanding of mosquito host-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Amos
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
| | - R T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, CA, 92521, U.S.A
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10
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Bounds on Absolute Gypsy Moth ( Lymantria dispar dispar) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Population Density as Derived from Counts in Single Milk Carton Traps. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100673. [PMID: 33023051 PMCID: PMC7601369 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Gypsy moth is one of the most devastating forest pests in the Eastern USA. In this paper, we derive a simple formula to interpret catches in monitoring moth traps deployed by management programs. Abstract Estimates of absolute pest population density are critical to pest management programs but have been difficult to obtain from capture numbers in pheromone-baited monitoring traps. In this paper, we establish a novel predictive relationship for a probability (spTfer(r)) of catching a male located at a distance r from the trap with a plume reach D.
spTferr=spTfer01+rD2, r≤Rmax0, r>Rmax, where spTfer(0) is the probability of catching an insect located next to the trap and Rmax is the maximum dispersal distance for the insect during the trapping period. The maximum dispersal distance for gypsy moth is known to be 1600 m. The probability of catching a gypsy moth male located next to a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) milk carton pheromone-baited trap is 0.37, the overall probability of catching a male from the entire trapping area (Tfer) of ~800 ha is 0.0008, and plume reach of this trap is D = 26 ± 3 m. The equation for spTfer(r) is used to derive statistical upper and lower bounds (95% confidence interval) on the population density for the given value of a single trap catch. This combination of trap parameters appears to produce an effective trap: even a catch of 1 male provides meaningful lower and upper bounds on absolute population density. Applications in the management programs are discussed, and a look-up table is provided to translate the catches in USDA milk carton pheromone-baited traps to absolute population bounds, which can help design better management strategies.
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Amos BA, Ritchie SA, Cardé RT. Attraction Versus Capture II: Efficiency of the BG-Sentinel Trap Under Semifield Conditions and Characterizing Response Behaviors of Male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1539-1549. [PMID: 32363393 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important vector of viruses causing dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever and as such presents a serious threat to public health in tropical regions. Control programs involving 'rear and release' of modified male Ae. aegypti are underway and require effective trapping methods for surveillance of both the released insects and the impacted wild mosquito population. The BG-Sentinel trap (BGS) is widely used in Ae. aegypti surveillance but its level of efficiency, that is, what proportion of the mosquitoes encountering the trap are captured, is unknown. This is especially true for male mosquitoes, the behavior of which is incompletely understood. We tested the efficiency of two versions of the BGS for capturing male Ae. aegypti under semifield conditions with and without CO2 and a human skin odor mimic lure and with these baits combined. A navy-blue BGS trap emitting CO2 and a human skin odor mimic captured 18% of the released male Ae. aegypti, with a capture efficiency of 9 % (of the total encounters with the trap). Male Ae. aegypti had multiple encounters with the BGS that did not result in capture; they crossed over the trap entrance without being captured or landed on the sides of the trap. Swarming behavior around the BGS was also recorded, even when only a visual cue was present. Understanding male Ae. aegypti behaviors during an encounter with the BGS can inform improvement of trap design and therefore capture efficiency for surveillance in control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan A Amos
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Ring T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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12
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Amos BA, Staunton KM, Ritchie SA, Cardé RT. Attraction Versus Capture: Efficiency of BG-Sentinel Trap Under Semi-Field Conditions and Characterizing Response Behaviors for Female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:884-892. [PMID: 31977049 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important vector of viruses causing dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever and as such is a threat to public health worldwide. Effective trapping methods are essential for surveillance of both the mosquito species and disease presence. The BG-Sentinel (BGS) is a widely used to trap Ae. aegypti but little is known of its efficiency, i.e., what proportion of the mosquitoes encountering the trap are captured. The first version of the BGS trap was predominantly white, and the current version is mostly navy blue. While this trap is often deployed without any olfactory lure, it can also be deployed with CO2 and/or a human skin odor mimic lure to increase capture rates. We tested the efficiency of capturing Ae. aegypti under semi-field conditions for the original white version without lures as well the blue version with and without various lure combinations. None of the configurations tested here captured 100% of the mosquitoes that encountered the trap. A navy-blue trap emitting CO2 and a skin odor mimic produced the highest capture (14% of the total insects in the semi-field cage), but its capture efficiency was just 5% (of mosquitoes encountering the trap). Mosquitoes often had multiple encounters with a trap that did not result in capture; they crossed over the trap entrance without being captured or landed on the sides of the trap. Understanding these behaviors and the factors that induce them has the potential to suggest improvement in trap design and therefore capture efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brogan A Amos
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Kyran M Staunton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Ring T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
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Extremely low neonicotinoid doses alter navigation of pest insects along pheromone plumes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8150. [PMID: 31148562 PMCID: PMC6544627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing use of neonicotinoids in pest control has adverse effects on non-target organisms, like honeybees. However, relatively few studies have explored the effect of sublethal neonicotinoid levels on olfactory responses of pest insects, and thus their potential impact on semiochemical surveillance and control methods, such as monitoring or mating disruption. We recently reported that sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (TIA) had dramatic effects on sex pheromone release in three tortricid moth species. We present now effects of TIA on pheromone detection and, for the first time, navigational responses of pest insects to pheromone sources. TIA delayed and reduced the percentage of males responding in the wind tunnel without analogous alteration of electrophysiological antennal responses. During navigation along an odor plume, treated males exhibited markedly slower flights and, in general, described narrower flight tracks, with an increased susceptibility to wind-induced drift. All these effects increased in a dose-dependent manner starting at LC0.001 - which would kill just 10 out of 106 individuals - and revealed an especially pronounced sensitivity in one of the species, Grapholita molesta. Our results suggest that minimal neonicotinoid quantities alter chemical communication, and thus could affect the efficacy of semiochemical pest management methods.
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Shigaki S, Fikri MR, Kurabayashi D. Design and Experimental Evaluation of an Odor Sensing Method for a Pocket-Sized Quadcopter. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113720. [PMID: 30388833 PMCID: PMC6263624 DOI: 10.3390/s18113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we design and verify an intake system using the wake of a pocket-sized quadcopter for the chemical plume tracing (CPT) problem. Solving CPT represents an important technique in the field of engineering because it can be used to perform rescue operations at the time of a disaster and to identify sources of harmful substances. An appropriate intake of air when sensing odors plays an important role in performing CPT. Hence, we used the air flow generated by a quadcopter itself to intake chemical particles into two alcohol sensors. By experimental evaluation, we verified that the quadcopter wake intake method has good directivity and can be used to realize CPT. Concretely, even at various odor source heights, the quadcopter had a three-dimensional CPT success rate of at least 70%. These results imply that, although a further development of three-dimensional CPT is necessary in order to conduct it in unknown and cluttered environments, the intake method proposed in this paper enables a pocket-sized quadcopter to perform three-dimensional CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shigaki
- Division of Systems Research, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Muhamad Rausyan Fikri
- Department of Systems and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kurabayashi
- Department of Systems and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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Cardé RT, Bau J, Elkinton JS. Comparison of Attraction and Trapping Capabilities of Bucket- and Delta-Style Traps With Different Pheromone Emission Rates for Gypsy Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): Implications for Understanding Range of Attraction and Utility in Surveillance. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:107-113. [PMID: 29281084 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Delta- and bucket-style (Universal or Unitrap) traps baited with 1 standard survey lure and 1/3 and 3 lures were compared for their attractiveness and trapping efficiencies for gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), males. With bucket traps, the numbers of males attracted to within 2 m of traps and the proportion of these actually captured were identical among the three doses although the percentage of attracted males actually captured in bucket traps was low, less than 15%. A three-lure delta trap attracted about 70% more males than traps with the two lower doses. Capture efficiencies were above 80% for 1/3- and one-lure traps and about 60% for traps baited with three lures. The number of males captured in delta traps was equivalent for the three doses although our observations also suggest that a delta trap baited with three lures drew males from a wider range than lower dose lures and therefore would be a more sensitive trap for detecting incipient populations. We also noted that males tended to arrive in clusters, suggesting that attraction over moderate distances requires periods when the wind direction is fairly constant. This observation coupled with the great variability in the direction of male arrival to the traps also suggests that important changes in the area of influence of the plume are driven in such forested areas by slower but greater changes in wind direction compared with open habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ring T Cardé
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Josep Bau
- Department of Biosciences, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph S Elkinton
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
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