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Kara A, Mammadzada E. A study on neutron emission for proton-induced reactions in 90Zr, 91Zr, and 115In isotopes. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 212:111468. [PMID: 39116503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusion energy heralds the potential of a transformative era, offering a significant solution to global challenges such as climate change, ozone depletion and environmental pollution. Despite its promising prospects, the commercialization of fusion faces several challenges, including high temperature, pressure, plasma stability, fuel supply, costs, etc. It is important to effectively analyze material behavior under plasma conditions, especially in environments where fusion reactions produce high-energy particles such as neutrons. This study investigates the angle-dependent neutron production mechanisms of proton-induced reactions involving the isotopes 90Zr, 91Zr and 115In, which are widely used in fusion reactor materials. Using the Monte Carlo codes PHITS 3.32 and FLUKA, as well as the TALYS 1.96 code, double differential cross-section calculations for neutron emission were performed considering various angles. The research contributes to a broader understanding of fusion processes by providing insights into the behavior of these isotopes under proton-induced reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Kara
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emil Mammadzada
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
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Tynyshbayeva KM, Kozlovskiy AL, Rakhimov RV, Uglov VV, Zdorovets MV. Study of The Gas-Swelling Mechanisms in Silicon Carbide Ceramics under High-Temperature Irradiation with Helium Ions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5750. [PMID: 37687443 PMCID: PMC10488445 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to simulate the processes of gaseous swelling in SiC ceramics as well as the associated changes in strength and thermophysical properties under high-temperature irradiation with helium ions. The choices of irradiation conditions (irradiation temperatures of 700 and 1000 K) and irradiation fluences (1015-1018 ion/cm2) are based on the possibilities of modeling the processes of destructive changes in the near-surface layer as a result of the accumulation of gas-filled inclusions during high-dose irradiation. During this study, it was found that an increase in the irradiation temperature of the samples from 700 to 1000 K leads to a decrease in the resistance to gas swelling, since with the temperature increase, the mobility of implanted helium in the near-surface layer grows, which results in an increase in the size of gas-filled bubbles and, as a result, accelerated destruction of the damaged layer. It has been established that in the case of irradiation at 700 K, the critical fluence for swelling associated with the formation of visible gas-filled bubbles on the surface is 5 × 1017 ion/cm2, while for samples irradiated at a temperature of 1000 K, the formation of gas-filled bubbles is observed at a fluence of 1017 ion/cm2. Measurements of the thermal conductivity coefficient showed that the formation of gas-filled bubbles leads to a sharp deterioration in heat transfer processes, which indicates that the created defective inclusions prevent phonon heat transfer. Changes in the strength characteristics showed that a decrease in hardness occurs throughout the entire depth of the damaged ceramic layer. However, with a rise in the irradiation fluence above 1017 ion/cm2, a slight damaged layer thickness growth associated with diffusion processes of helium implantation into the near-surface layer is observed. The relevance of this study consists in obtaining new data on the stability of the strength and thermophysical parameters of SiC ceramics in the case of helium accumulation and its subsequent radiation-induced evolution in the case of irradiation at temperatures of 700 and 1000 K. The data obtained during the experimental work on changes in the properties of ceramics will make it possible to determine the potential limits of their applicability in the case of operation under extreme conditions at elevated temperatures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymbat M. Tynyshbayeva
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.M.T.)
| | - Artem L. Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.M.T.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan V. Rakhimov
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.M.T.)
| | - Vladimir V. Uglov
- Department of Solid State Physics, Belarusian State University, 220050 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.M.T.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
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Martí J, Mazzanti F, Astrakharchik GE, Batet L, Portos-Amill L, Pedreño B. Nucleation of Helium in Liquid Lithium at 843 K and High Pressures. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082866. [PMID: 35454558 PMCID: PMC9030494 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fusion energy stands out as a promising alternative for a future decarbonised energy system. In order to be sustainable, future fusion nuclear reactors will have to produce their own tritium. In the so-called breeding blanket of a reactor, the neutron bombardment of lithium will produce the desired tritium, but also helium, which can trigger nucleation mechanisms owing to the very low solubility of helium in liquid metals. An understanding of the underlying microscopic processes is important for improving the efficiency, sustainability and reliability of the fusion energy conversion process. The spontaneous creation of helium droplets or bubbles in the liquid metal used as breeding material in some designs may be a serious issue for the performance of the breeding blankets. This phenomenon has yet to be fully studied and understood. This work aims to provide some insight on the behaviour of lithium and helium mixtures at experimentally corresponding operating conditions (843 K and pressures between 108 and 1010 Pa). We report a microscopic study of the thermodynamic, structural and dynamical properties of lithium–helium mixtures, as a first step to the simulation of the environment in a nuclear fusion power plant. We introduce a new microscopic model devised to describe the formation of helium droplets in the thermodynamic range considered. Our model predicts the formation of helium droplets at pressures around 109 Pa, with radii between 1 and 2 Å. The diffusion coefficient of lithium (2 Å2/ps) is in excellent agreement with reference experimental data, whereas the diffusion coefficient of helium is in the range of 1 Å2/ps and tends to decrease as pressure increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martí
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (F.M.); (G.E.A.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ferran Mazzanti
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (F.M.); (G.E.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Grigori E. Astrakharchik
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (F.M.); (G.E.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lluís Batet
- Department of Physics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (F.M.); (G.E.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Portos-Amill
- Barcelona School of Telecommunications Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.P.)
| | - Borja Pedreño
- Barcelona School of Telecommunications Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-Barcelona Tech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.P.)
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Hunyadi Murph SE, Murph MA. Nuclear fusion: the promise of endless energy. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the fundamentals and reasoning for exploring fusion energy. Fusion, the reaction of two hydrogen atoms colliding, is the process that powers the Sun and stars. Fusion works by turning small amounts of matter into vast amounts of energy. If realized on Earth, nuclear fusion could solve global energy demands for generations to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona E. Hunyadi Murph
- Savannah River National Laboratory , Aiken , SC , USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Application of Ion Beam Analysis in Studies of First Wall Materials in Controlled Fusion Devices. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/physics4010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides a concise overview of ion beam analysis methods and procedures in studies of materials exposed to fusion plasmas in controlled fusion devices with magnetic confinement. An impact of erosion–deposition processes on the morphology of wall materials is presented. In particular, results for deuterium analyses are discussed. Underlying physics, advantages and limitations of methods are addressed. The role of wall diagnostics in studies of material migration and fuel retention is explained. A brief note on research and handling of radioactive and beryllium-contaminated materials is also given.
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Lindero-Hernández M, Salazar-Cravioto H, Tejeda-Nuñez E, Nieto-Perez M, Mahajan S, Kotschenreuther M, Valanju P. Evaluation of thorium-based nuclear fuel breeding performance of a fast neutron irradiator based on a low-aspect ratio tokamak. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Evaluation of catalysts for decomposition of ammonia in hydrogen isotope purification systems. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jeong YS, Lee J, Chun YB, Uhm YR, Sun GM, Kim YM. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) in cold‐worked conditions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee SY, Lee JU, Chang MH, Ha JK, Lee IB, Lee MK, Lee ES. Mathematical modeling using batch scheduling approach for optimal tritium inventory in the ISS of the ITER fuel cycle. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pajuste E, Kizane G, Avotina L, Vitins A, Teimane A. Tritium retention in plasma facing materials of JET ITER-Like-Wall retrieved from the vacuum vessel in 2012 (ILW1), 2014 (ILW2) and 2016 (ILW3). NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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