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Xu S, Dawuti W, Maimaitiaili M, Dou J, Aizezi M, Aimulajiang K, Lü X, Lü G. Rapid and non-invasive detection of cystic echinococcosis in sheep based on serum fluorescence spectrum combined with machine learning algorithms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300357. [PMID: 38263544 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a grievous zoonotic parasitic disease. Currently, the traditional technology of screening CE is laborious and expensive, developing an innovative technology is urgent. In this study, we combined serum fluorescence spectroscopy with machine learning algorithms to develop an innovative screening technique to diagnose CE in sheep. Serum fluorescence spectra of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto-infected group (n = 63) and uninfected E. granulosus s.s. group (n = 60) under excitation at 405 nm were recorded. The linear support vector machine (Linear SVM), Quadratic SVM, medium radial basis function (RBF) SVM, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) were used to analyze the spectra data. The results showed that Quadratic SVM had the great classification capacity, its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 85.0%, 93.8%, and 88.9%, respectively. In short, serum fluorescence spectroscopy combined with Quadratic SVM algorithm has great potential in the innovative diagnosis of CE in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wubulitalifu Dawuti
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maierhaba Maimaitiaili
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingrui Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Malike Aizezi
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lü
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guodong Lü
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Knapp TG, Duan S, Merchant JL, Sawyer TW. Quantitative characterization of duodenal gastrinoma autofluorescence using multiphoton microscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:208-225. [PMID: 36515355 PMCID: PMC9957894 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal gastrinomas (DGASTs) are neuroendocrine tumors that develop in the submucosa of the duodenum and produce the hormone gastrin. Surgical resection of DGASTs is complicated by the small size of these tumors and the tendency for them to develop diffusely in the duodenum. Endoscopic mucosal resection of DGASTs is an increasingly popular method for treating this disease due to its low complication rate but suffers from poor rates of pathologically negative margins. Multiphoton microscopy can capture high-resolution images of biological tissue with contrast generated from endogenous fluorescence (autofluorescence [AF]) through two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF). Second harmonic generation is another popular method of generating image contrast with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and is a light-scattering phenomenon that occurs predominantly from structures such as collagen in biological samples. Some molecules that contribute to AF change in abundance from processes related to the cancer disease process (e.g., metabolic changes, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS MPM was used to image 12 separate patient samples of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded duodenal gastrinoma slides with a second-harmonic generation (SHG) channel and four 2PEF channels. The excitation and emission profiles of each 2PEF channel were tuned to capture signal dominated by distinct fluorophores with well-characterized fluorescent spectra and known connections to the physiologic changes that arise in cancerous tissue. RESULTS We found that there was a significant difference in the relative abundance of signal generated in the 2PEF channels for regions of DGASTs in comparison to the neighboring tissues of the duodenum. Data generated from texture feature extraction of the MPM images were used in linear discriminant analysis models to create classifiers for tumor versus all other tissue types before and after principal component analysis (PCA). PCA improved the classifier accuracy and reduced the number of features required to achieve maximum accuracy. The linear discriminant classifier after PCA distinguished between tumor and other tissue types with an accuracy of 90.6%-93.8%. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that multiphoton microscopy 2PEF and SHG imaging is a promising label-free method for discriminating between DGASTs and normal duodenal tissue which has implications for future applications of in vivo assessment of resection margins with endoscopic MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Knapp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Suzann Duan
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Travis W. Sawyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Prenatal Zidovudine Treatment Modifies Early Development of Rat Osteoid - Confocal Microspectroscopy Analysis. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:1257-1263. [PMID: 31620936 PMCID: PMC6853851 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) has not been widely explored although the ECM plays a very important role in bone development. In our research we focused on examining the bone matrix of very young animals due to the intense growth process during the first month of life. Structure images and fluorescence spectra of the bone surface were carried out using confocal fluorescence microscope Eclipse Ti-S inverted CLSM (NIKON, Japan) for compact tibia of healthy 7-, 14- and 28-day-old rat newborns after prenatal zidovudine administration in comparison with control. Spectral features of ECM autofluorescence were analyzed statistically by taking into consideration p < 0.05. The CLSM technique allows for simultaneous examination of the structure and autofluorescence from selected areas of the bone surface. Excessive autofluorescence of ECM after prenatal zidovudine administration influences bone growth incommensurably to the newborns’ age. Therefore the possibility of an additional non-enzymatic mechanism of collagen cross-linking in the first two weeks of life of newborn rats prenatally treated with zidovudine has been considered. Our results suggest that ECM autofluorescence can be an indicator of bone development in the normal and pathological state.
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Son SA, Jung KH, Ko CC, Kwon YH. Spectral characteristics of caries-related autofluorescence spectra and their use for diagnosis of caries stage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:15001. [PMID: 26747473 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Son
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jung
- Kookmin University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Hoon Kwon
- Pusan National University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Huang J, Liu S, Chen Z, Chen N, Pang F, Wang T. Distinguishing Cancerous Liver Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2014; 15:36-43. [DOI: 10.1177/1533034614561358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. It possesses great potential for the analysis of biochemical processes in cell studies. In this article, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of normal and cancerous liver cells incubated with SERS active substrates (gold nanoparticle) was measured using confocal Raman microspectroscopy technology. The chemical components of the cells were analyzed through statistical methods for the SERS spectrum. Both the relative intensity ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for distinguishing the normal liver cells (QSG-7701) from the hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721). The relative intensity ratio of the Raman spectra peaks such as I937/I1209, I1276/I1308, I1342/I1375, and I1402/I1435 was set as the judge boundary, and the sensitivity and the specificity using PCA method were calculated. The results indicated that the surface-enhanced Raman spectrum could provide the chemical information for distinguishing the normal cells from the cancerous liver cells and demonstrated that SERS technology possessed the possible applied potential for the diagnosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fufei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tingyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
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Vaitkuviene A, Gegzna V, Kurtinaitiene R, Vaitkus JV. Cervical smear photodiagnosis by fluorescence. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:268-74. [PMID: 22417111 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluorescence is widely investigated and can characterize general changes occurring in the state of the cell and the tissue during physiological and/or pathological processes, but the method has not been adopted for clinical use. We present a photodiagnostic device and a relevant evaluation method fitted to classical screening procedures. This method is based on the discovery of smear content intrinsic fluorescent markers. BACKGROUND DATA Meaningful spectral components of cervical smear samples differ from those measured in the entire live cervix. This article deals with the identification of changes in smear spectra in cervicitis and CIN2+ (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of the second degree or higher) at 355 nm excitation. METHODS Methods used in the study: microlaser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of liquid cytology samples and histological evaluation of the biopsies of the same cervix (and/or only cytological evaluation) was performed for 78 cases. The fluorescence spectra of cervical cytology supernatant sediment were approximated with several Gaussian components. The ratios of the area under each Gaussian component to the whole area under the experimental curve were calculated and compared among histological groups by using the Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The results of this study are a concise summary of the essential features verified by the data: the spectral regions 402-416 nm and 424-438 nm are important for the discrimination of both normal and CIN2+ groups (in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value). The spectral regions 480-515 nm and 595-625 nm are important for the identification of cervicitis. CONCLUSIONS Cervical smear autofluorescence diagnostics could be useful for cancer screening at the point of care, in a simple cytology laboratory, and for the monitoring of treatment. We suggest possible fluorophores in the smear content.
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