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Magdy G, Said N, El-Domany RA, Belal F. Novel fluorescent probes based on sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for determination of three N-substituted phenothiazine derivatives in dosage forms. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124207. [PMID: 38554691 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In the current work, sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (S,N-CDs) as simple, sensitive, and selective turn-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for analysis of three phenothiazine derivatives, including acetophenazine (APZ), chlorpromazine (CPH), and promethazine (PZH). S,N-CDs were synthesized through a green one-pot microwave-assisted technique using widely available precursors (thiourea and ascorbic acid). HRTEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the as-synthesized CDs. When excited at 330 nm, the carbon dots produced a maximum emission peak at 410 nm. The cited drugs statically quenched the S,N-CDs fluorescence as revealed by the Stern-Volmer equation. The current method represents the first spectrofluorimetric approach for the determination of the studied drugs without the need for chemical derivatization or harsh reaction conditions. The importance of the proposed work is magnified as the cited drugs do not have any fluorescent properties. The fluorescence of the developed sensor exhibited a linear response to APZ, CPH, and PZH in the concentration ranges of 5.0-100.0, 10.0-100.0, and 10.0-200.0 μM with detection limits of 1.53, 1.66, and 2.47 μM, respectively. The developed fluorescent probes have the advantages of rapidity and selectivity for APZ, CPH, and PZH analysis in tablets with acceptable % recoveries of (98.06-101.66 %). Evaluation of the method's greenness was performed using the Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE) metrics, indicating that the method is environmentally friendly. Validation of the proposed method was performed according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa, 7731168, Egypt.
| | - Noura Said
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
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Omar MA, Mohamed AA, Alahmadi Y, Shehata AM, Elbadawy HM, Mostafa IM. Improving fluorescence emission of cyproheptadine by hindering its intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET): Application to content uniformity testing and human plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123725. [PMID: 38070312 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The ability to determine antihistaminic drugs in biological matrices is critical for the medication adherence assessment. Among these antihistaminic medications, cyproheptadine (CPD); that is acting as a potent first-generation antihistaminic drug that has been extensively prescribed for allergic patients. Most of the established approaches for CPD detection are not appropriate for this purpose owing to their weak sensitivity, lack of rapidity, and complicated experimental procedures. Herein, we present a very fast, highly sensitive, and reproducible approach for the detection of CPD in its pure form, tablet formulation, and spiked human plasma. The photoluminescence approach depends on hindering the intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect of the lone pair of the N-atom present on the piperidine ring of CPD by making the surrounding medium acidic using 1.0 M acetic acid. Based on blocking PET, the target CPD drug has been sensitively detected from 5.0 to 500 ng mL-1 with a very low detection and quantitation limit of 7.01 and 21.25 ng mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the established approach was used for checking the tablet content uniformity testing for each tablet and spiked human plasma, and noteworthy, the matrices interference was insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Omar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41477, Saudi Arabia; Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt.
| | - Abobakr A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, 63514, Egypt
| | - Yaser Alahmadi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shehata
- Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41477, Saudi Arabia; Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hossein M Elbadawy
- Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Mostafa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
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Emam RA, Emam AA. Green Chromatographic Assay of Toxic Impurities of Cyproheptadine: In Silico Toxicity Profiling. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae004. [PMID: 38408181 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cyproheptadine (CYP) is an antihistaminic and anti-serotonin drug used to improve the clinical course of hospitalized patients severely affected by COVID-19 and requiring supplemental oxygen. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry method was developed and validated for the estimation of CYP and its impurity, dibenzosuberone and its degradation product: 10, 11-dihydroxy-dibenzosuberone. The toxicity profiles of CYP impurity and degradation product were studied and the in silico data, using pre-ADMET software, proved their toxicity. A developing system of hexane: methanol: ethyl acetate: formic acid: triethylamine (8:1:1:0.05:0.1, by volume) was used with densitometric scanning at 245 nm. International Conference of Harmonization guidelines were obeyed for method validation. The proposed method was applied on CYP pharmaceutical formulation whose results showed no significant difference from results of the reported chromatographic method regarding accuracy and precision. Method's greenness was evaluated by analytical Eco scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical greenness approach tools. The developed method can be applied for safety check analysis of CYP containing formulations and detection and even quantification of its related toxic components in quality control laboratories at high sensitivity up to 20-fold than the reported chromatographic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda A Emam
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy street, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Aml A Emam
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy street, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Magdy G, Said N, El-Domany RA, Belal F. Nitrogen and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent nanoprobes for spectrofluorimetric determination of olanzapine and diazepam in biological fluids and dosage forms: application to content uniformity testing. BMC Chem 2022; 16:98. [PMID: 36380347 PMCID: PMC9667599 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A validated, sensitive, and simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the analysis of two important CNS-acting drugs, olanzapine and diazepam, in their commercial tablets without the need for any pretreatment steps. The developed method relied on the quantitative quenching effect of each of olanzapine and diazepam on the native fluorescence of nitrogen and sulfur-doped carbon quantum dots (NS@CQDs). NS@CQDs were prepared from thiosemicarbazide and citric acid by a facile one-pot hydrothermal technique. The synthesized NS@CQDs were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. NS@CQDs produced a maximum emission peak at 430 nm using 360 nm as an excitation wavelength. Calibration curves showed a good linear regression over the range of 5.0–200.0 and 1.0–100.0 μM with detection limits of 0.68 and 0.29 μM for olanzapine and diazepam, respectively. The adopted method was used for the determination of the investigated drugs in their tablets with high % recoveries (98.84–101.70%) and low % RSD values (< 2%). As diazepam is one of the most commonly abused benzodiazepines, the developed method was successfully applied for its determination in spiked human plasma with high % recoveries and low % RSD values, providing further insights for monitoring its potential abuse. The quenching mechanism was also studied and confirmed to be through dynamic and static quenching for olanzapine and diazepam, respectively. Due to the high selectivity and sensitivity, content uniformity testing of low-dose tablets was successfully performed by applying the United States Pharmacopoeia guidelines. The method's validation was performed in compliance with ICHQ2 (R1) recommendations.
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Abdelrahman MM, Abdelaleem EA, Ali NW, Emam RA. Development and Validation of Stability Indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride, its Impurity And Degradation Product. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:128-133. [PMID: 33137815 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a sensitive, accurate and selective RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of cyproheptadine HCl (CPH), its impurity B (dibenzosuberone) and CPH oxidative degradation product (10,11-dihydroxy-dibenzosuberone) in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulation. The RP-HPLC method depends on isocratic elution using C8 column and mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M KH2PO4 buffer:methanol (35:65, v/v, pH = 4.5) at a flow rate of 2 mL/min, and the eluant was monitored at 245 nm. Good resolution was obtained with tR values of 3.05, 7.54 and 6.17 min for CPH, impurity and oxidative degradate, respectively. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guidelines using pure forms of CPH, its impurity and degradation product in pharmaceutical formulation with an accuracy of 100.48, 100.16 and 100.11, respectively. Additional spiking experiments yielded an accuracy of 100 ± 1.6%. Repeatability and intermediate precision results indicated acceptable low <2% RSD values. Moreover, the developed method's statistical results were favorably compared to the previously reported method results regarding both accuracy and precision. The developed method can be applied for analysis of the three components in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nouruddin W Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Raghda A Emam
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Al shaheed Shehata Ahmed Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Magdy G, Belal FF, Abdel-Megied AM, Abdel Hakiem AF. Micelle-Enhanced conventional and synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods for the simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat: Application to human plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119239. [PMID: 33310619 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was developed for simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat. The investigated drugs were measured at 294 and 329 nm, respectively in the presence of each other without interference at Δλ of 50 nm (Method I). The different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensities were carefully studied and optimized. The maximum synchronous fluorescence intensities were obtained at pH 6.5 using borate buffer and distilled water was used as a diluting solvent. Excellent linearity ranges were obtained using 20.0-500.0 ng mL-1 and 1.0-80.0 ng mL-1 for lesinurad and febuxostat, respectively. The method exhibited high sensitivity with detection limits down to 4.0 ng mL-1 and 0.01 ng mL-1 and quantitation limits down to 12.12 ng mL-1 and 0.02 ng mL-1, respectively. Recovery percentages ranged from 97.68 to 103.37% were obtained upon spiking of human plasma samples, indicating high bioanalytical applicability. Concerning Method II, methanolic solution of lesinurad was measured spectroflourimetrically with λexcitation at 290 nm and λemission at 341 nm with high sensitivity using borate buffer of pH 6.5 and methanol as a diluting solvent. A considerable enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was achieved by using 1.0% w/v cetremide as a micellar system. The method was rectilinear over the concentration range of 3.0-80.0 ng mL-1 with detection and quantitation limits down to 0.47 and 1.42 ng mL-1, respectively. The developed method was efficiently applied for the estimation of the cited drug in spiked human plasma with high recovery percentages (98.58-101.64%). The methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and further applied to commercial tablets with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| | - Fathalla F Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Pacific University Oregon, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
| | - Ahmed F Abdel Hakiem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
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Turkey NS, Jeber JN. A flow analysis system integrating an optoelectronic detector for the quantitative determination of active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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8
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El Sharkasy ME, Walash M, Belal F, Salim MM. Conventional and first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric methods for the simultaneous determination of cisatracurium and nalbuphine in biological fluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117841. [PMID: 31784219 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisatracurium besylate has been determined by fast and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method based on measuring the fluorescence intensity of its methanolic solution at 312 nm after excitation at 230 nm (Method I). The linearity occurred over the concentration range of 10.0-130.0 ng/mL with detection limit of 1.07 ng/mL. The method was further extended for the determination of the studied drug in spiked human plasma with good percentage recoveries (97.43-103.50%). Cisatracurium is co-administered with nalbuphine during surgery. The simultaneous determination of both drugs was based on synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude was measured in methanol at Δ λ = 60 nm and each drug could be estimated at the zero crossing point of the other. Hence, cisatracurium could be measured at 284.6 nm while nalbuphine at 276.3 nm (Method II). The method was linear over the ranges of 50.0-750.0 ng/mL and 0.5-7.0 μg/mL with the detection limits of 2.16 ng/mL and 0.04 μg/mL for cisatracurium and nalbuphine, respectively. The method was further extended for the simultaneous determination of both drugs in spiked human urine with mean percentage recoveries of 99.99 ± 2.06 and 99.53 ± 6.17 for cisatracurium and nalbuphine, respectively. Both methods were validated in agreement with Guidelines adopted by International Council of Harmonization (ICH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona E El Sharkasy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - M Walash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - M M Salim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University - Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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Atia NN, El-Gizawy SM, Hosny NM. Facile micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for picogram level determination of febuxostat; application in tablets and in real human plasma. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Ibrahim FA, Fathy ME, Elmansi HM. Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for rapid determination of orciprenaline in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 34:77-83. [PMID: 30536899 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Orciprenaline sulphate (ORP) is a direct-acting sympathomimetic with mainly beta-adrenoceptor stimulant activity. It is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. For the first time, a rapid highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method is described that is relied on measuring the fluorescence spectra of ORP at acidic pH and without addition of any chemical reagents. The relative fluorescence intensity was measured at 310 nm and after excitation at 224 nm. ORP native fluorescence was calibrated in both water and acetonitrile as diluting solvents. The method was designed to estimate the drug in miscellaneous matrices with high accuracy and precision. Linear ranges of calibration curves were 30.0-400.0 ng/ml and 10.0-240.0 ng/ml in water and acetonitrile, respectively. The detection limits were calculated and reached as low as 3.3 and 3.1 ng/ml, respectively, representing the ultra-sensitivity of the proposed method. This result permitted application of this method for spiked human plasma and urine and was used as a preliminary investigation with good percentage recovery (89.4-106.8%). The application was further extended to analyse ORP in its pharmaceutical formulations. The method was validated in compliance with International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M E Fathy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H M Elmansi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ayoub BM, Mowaka S, Arafa MG. Factorial design optimization of micelle enhanced synchronous spectrofluorimetric assay of Omarigliptin: Applied to content uniformity testing and in vitro drug release. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:797-805. [PMID: 29605965 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A micelle enhanced spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of Omarigliptin (OMG) based on its native fluorescence behavior. The interaction of OMG with surfactants and macromolecules was studied. In aqueous solution, the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of OMG was enhanced by 24% in the presence of Tween 80 at pH 3.5. The optimal conditions for the micelle enhanced fluorescence were attained by Minitab® program using Plackett-Burman factorial design. Pareto chart, contour plots and surface plots were used to exclude the insignificant variables and optimize the significant factors. The spectrofluorimeter was operated under synchronous mode using ∆λ = 30 nm and recording the RFI of the intense narrow band at 267 nm for OMG in 0.5% w/v Tween 80 + 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 3.5) system using water as diluent. Using synchronous scan mode offered many advantages including considerable reduction of spectral overlap and enhanced linearity of the calibrators. Validation parameters were satisfied over the concentration range 0.1-2 μg/ml. The developed method was the first analytical procedure for OMG assay in Marizev® tablets. Moreover, content uniformity testing and in vitro drug release of tablets were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam M Ayoub
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.,The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mowaka
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.,The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemotheraputic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
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Belal F, El-Razeq SAMA, Fouad MM, Fouad FA. Spectrofluorimetric analysis of menbutone in veterinary formulations: Application to residue determination in bovine meat and milk. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2016; 7:156-160. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.7.2.156-160.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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