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Liu JW, Tang X, Liu C, Zhou HC, Wang S, Kang HP, Li YH, Lai WY. Improved electroluminescence efficiency derived from functionalized decoration of 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD)-based Ir(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11691-11697. [PMID: 37552532 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01548c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The performance of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated using Ir(III) complexes bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD)-based cyclometallic ligands still needs to be improved. In this work, Ir3+ was coordinated with a 2-(9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (F-OXD) fragment, which was modified with various functionalized substituents, including fluorenyl, OXD and carbazolyl groups. Three complexes, named Ir-Flu, Ir-OXD and Ir-Cz, were synthesized successfully and their photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescence properties were investigated in detail. All these complexes exhibited yellow-orange emission in solution and a distinct aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE) phenomenon was observed. Monochrome OLEDs were fabricated using these phosphorescent dopants, and the turn-on voltage (V), luminance (L) and current efficiency (CE) showed significant improvement compared to analogous OXD-based Ir(III) complexes reported before. In particular, the device with Ir-OXD as the dopant achieved the highest maximum brightness of 25 014 cd m-2 and the lowest efficiency roll-off (42.6%) at the maximum luminance among all the devices. These results provided a proven strategy of functionalized decoration of OXD-based complexes to achieve superior luminous efficiency devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Han-Chen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Peng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Santhosh C, Singh KR, Sheela K, Swaroop TR, Sadashiva MP. Regioselective Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles via Alkyl 2-(Methylthio)-2-thioxoacetates and Alkyl 2-Amino-2-thioxoacetates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11486-11496. [PMID: 37523659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
An acid-catalyzed regioselective cyclization reaction of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles has been developed. The synthetic precursors alkyl 2-(methylthio)-2-thioxoacetates/alkyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetates react efficiently with acyl hydrazides, which transformed into a series of dehydrative and desulfurative products with employment of p-TSA and AcOH through a regioselective cyclization process. The alkyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetate pathway generates excellent yield among the mentioned procedures. The reported methods are operationally simplistic and highly efficient with metal-free conditions and demonstrate significant functional group compatibility. Regioselective cyclized products were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Ravi Singh
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Kalleshappa Sheela
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
| | - Toreshettahally R Swaroop
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570 006, India
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Synthesis of 2,5-Dialkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles Bearing Carboxymethylamino Groups. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227687. [PMID: 36431787 PMCID: PMC9696334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of new symmetrical 2,5-dialkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing substituted alkyl groups at the terminal positions with substituents, such as bromine, isopropyloxycarbonylmethylamino, and carboxymethylamino, were successfully synthesized. The developed multistep method employed commercially available acid chlorides differing in alkyl chain length and terminal substituent, hydrazine hydrate, and phosphorus oxychloride. The intermediate bromine-containing 2,5-dialkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were easily substituted with diisopropyl iminodiacetate, followed by hydrolysis in aqueous methanol solution giving the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing carboxymethylamino substituents. The structure of all products was confirmed by conventional spectroscopic methods including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS.
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Mikhailov IE, Vikrishchuk NI, Popov LD, Dushenko GA, Minkin VI. Luminescence Spectral Properties of 2-[2-Methyl(Acetyl, Tosyl)oxyphenyl]-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sharma D, Om H, Sharma AK. Potential Synthetic Routes and Metal-Ion Sensing Applications of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: An Integrative Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:416-436. [PMID: 35617470 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxadiazoles, especially 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, stand among the foremost heterocyclic fragments with a broad spectrum of applications in diverse fields, including pharmacology, polymers, material science, and organic electronics, among others. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the pivotal synthetic strategies for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives including dehydrogenative cyclization of 1,2-diacylhydrazines, oxidative cyclization of acylhydrazones, condensation cyclization, C-H activation of oxadiazole ring, decarboxylative cyclization and oxidative annulation along with plausible mechanisms. The set of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles selected from the literature and discussed herein epitomize the ease of synthesis as well as the possibility of linking π-conjugated groups; thereby encouraging the use of these molecules as important starting building blocks for a wide variety of fluorescent frameworks, particularly in the development of potential chemosensors. High photoluminescent quantum yield, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and the presence of potential coordination (N and O donor atoms) sites make these molecules a prominent choice for metal-ions sensors. An overview of selective metal-ion sensing, the detection limit along with the sensing mechanisms (photo-induced electron transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, and complex formation) is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Hari Om
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Sonipat, India
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Spectroscopic Recognition of Metal Ions and Non-Linear Optical (NLO) Properties of Some Fluorinated Poly(1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Ether)s. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we examined the sensing ability of some fluorinated 1,3,4-oxadiazole-containing assemblies toward various metal ions and their nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The changes in the spectral characteristics of these compounds in the existence of Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Sn2+, and Ag+ metal ions were performed, and they were found to be selective and more sensitive toward the addition of Ag+, Co2+, and Cu2+ ions (new bands appeared). Instead, spectral changes in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, and Sn2+ were not significant, so we did not evaluate the corresponding binding parameters. Therefore, all of these compounds were found to be selective and sensitive to Ag+, Co2+, and Cu2+ ions. Furthermore, the first-order polarizability (αCT), the first-order hyperpolarizability (βCT), and the second-order hyperpolarizability (γCT) were evaluated using the solvatochromic approach, and the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics were investigated using a generalized Mulliken–Hush (GMH) analysis.
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Azomethines containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring: Synthesis, photophysical properties, halochromism and metal ions sensing responses. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Su K, Huang X, Wei W, Zeng X, Xiang S, Yang H. A ready-to-use fluorescence probe of Pd 2+ in water: novel tricyclic heterocyclic base on 1,3,4-oxadiazole. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1690-1696. [PMID: 34173312 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A ready-to-use hetero-tricyclic compound, 5,5'-(furan-2,5-diyl) bis (1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-amine) (5), was synthesized with a good yield; it has an suitable fluorescence characteristic and research founded that it can respond to trace Pd2+ in water at a normal pH range. A fluorescence titration revealed the detection limit for Pd2+ was as low as 3.97 × 10-9 M. Density-functional theory calculation using Guassian09 implied that the breakage of conjugation and coplanarity of compound 5 led to fluorescence quenching. Compound 5 could be applied as a chemical probe to detect trace amounts of Pd2+ with good accuracy, fast response time, excellent selectivity, and high sensitivity. FT-IR, NMR, and MS were used to characterize the chemical structure of compound 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Study of Distinctive Plants in Education Department of Sichuan Province, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Study of Distinctive Plants in Education Department of Sichuan Province, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaotong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
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Najare MS, Patil MK, Garbhagudi M, Yaseen M, Inamdar SR, Khazi IAM. Design, synthesis and characterization of π-conjugated 2,5-diphenylsubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-based D-π-A-π’-D′ form of efficient deep blue functional materials: Photophysical properties and fluorescence “Turn-off” chemsensors approach. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2,5-Diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis, spectral-luminescent properties, and complexation with beryllium(ii). Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-3039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mikhailov IE, Artyushkina YM, Dushenko GA, Minkin VI. Synthesis and Spectral-Luminescent Properties of
2-Aryl-5-butyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ambrosi G, Fanelli M, Paoli P, Formica M, Paderni D, Rossi P, Micheloni M, Giorgi L, Fusi V. Zn(ii) detection and biological activity of a macrocycle containing a bis(oxadiazole)pyridine derivative as fluorophore. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7496-7506. [PMID: 32441717 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03910d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photochemical properties, biological effects and the X-ray crystal structure of a fluorescent polyamine macrocycle L are reported. L is a polyamine cyclophane macrocycle in which 2,6-bis(5-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine (POXAPy) acts as a fluorescent sensor and the polyamine as a metal ion binding unit. L performs as a PET-mediated chemosensor, with a maximum emission wavelength close to 360 nm. This gives rise to a signal that is visible to the naked eye in the blue visible range. L is able to detect the Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) metal ions in an aqueous solution at pH = 7, with the coordination of the ions switching the emission ON through a CHEF effect. In contrast, paramagnetic metal ions like Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) completely quench the already low emission of L at this pH value. L affects the cell survival of a leukemic cellular model (U937) at micromolar concentrations with cell death starting after only 24 h of exposure; starting from a final concentration of 5 μM, L almost completely abrogates the survival of the leukemic cells over 72 h, with a mechanism that is compatible with a genomic DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ambrosi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Via della Stazione 4, I-61029 Urbino, PU, Italy.
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Ambrosi G, Micheloni M, Paderni D, Formica M, Giorgi L, Fusi V. Fluorescent macrocyclic chemosensor for Zn(II) detection at alkaline pH values. Supramol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2020.1713324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ambrosi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Micheloni
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Paderni
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Formica
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Giorgi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vieri Fusi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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Wong JYF, Tobin JM, Vilela F, Barker G. Batch Versus Flow Lithiation–Substitution of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles: Exploitation of Unstable Intermediates Using Flow Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:12439-12445. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Y. F. Wong
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh UK
| | - John M. Tobin
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh UK
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh UK
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt University Riccarton Edinburgh UK
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