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Ullah Z, Subramanian S, Lim H, Dogan NA, Lee JS, Nguyen TS, Yavuz CT. Highly Selective and Scalable Molecular Fluoride Sensor for Naked-Eye Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38554082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride is widely present in nature, and human exposure to it is generally regarded as inevitable. High levels of fluoride intake induce acute and chronic illnesses. To reduce potential harm to the general public, it is essential to create selective fluoride detectors capable of providing a colorimetric response for naked-eye detection without the need for sophisticated equipment. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis of four different diaminomaleonitrile-derived Schiff base sensors. The terephthalaldehyde adduct provided a strong color change visible to the naked eye at a F- concentration level as low as 2 ppm. From the evaluation against other anions, such as CN-, I-, Br-, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, OAc-, and HSO4-, the molecular sensor displayed a visible color change exclusively upon exposure to fluoride, underscoring exceptional selectivity. As a key intermediate for understanding the mechanism, HF2- was confirmed by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance. Theoretical calculations suggested a deprotonation-triggered bathochromic shift brought about by the unique electronic structure of the sensor. Furthermore, the simple synthetic protocol from economically accessible materials allowed for the preparation of the compound on a large scale, rendering it a highly practical visual fluoride sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Ullah
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Haeseong Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nesibe A Dogan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Thien S Nguyen
- Oxide and Organic Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cafer T Yavuz
- Oxide and Organic Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Hamukoshi S, Mama N, Schoeman S, Uahengo V. A facile synthesis of a novel 4-hydroxyl-3-azo coumarin based colorimetric probes for detecting Hg 2+ and a fluorescence turn-off response of 3CBD to Fe 3+ in aqueous environment. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31541-31553. [PMID: 37908657 PMCID: PMC10614206 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two azo dyes, (E)-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (3CBD) and (E)-4-hydroxy-3-(quinolin-2-yldiazenyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (3CQD), were designed and synthesized using facile methods. The structures were validated through FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The photophysical property analyses were further studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometers. Consequently, the absorption and emission spectra of 3CBD confirmed its selectivity of Hg2+ and turn-off response to Fe3+. On the other hand, the absorption spectra analysis of 3CQD demonstrated selectivity in the presence of Hg2+. The colorimetric investigations demonstrated a significant visual response specifically for Hg2+, enabling real-time analysis in the corresponding solutions. The presence of other coexisting metal ions does not interfere with the detection of the target metal ion. The fluorescence studies of the two probes revealed that 3CBD was highly fluorescent, which was significantly quenched by Fe3+, upon excitation at 340 nm. Utilizing Job plot analyses, it was determined that the complexes 3CBD-Hg2+ and 3CQD-Hg2+ exhibit a binding stoichiometry of 1 : 1. The association constants for these complexes were measured to be 7.48 × 105 and 9.12 × 105 M-1, respectively, indicating a strong association between both probes and their respective metal ions. Both chemosensors exhibited comparable limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 μM and 0.10 μM, respectively. Reversible studies confirmed that only chemosensor 3CQD could serve as a secondary sensor for EDTA. The theoretical studies calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) program at B3LYP/6-31G** (Spartan '10 package) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Hamukoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Neliswa Mama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Stiaan Schoeman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa +264 61 206 3465
| | - Veikko Uahengo
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia
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Development of coumarin derivatives as fluoride ion sensor. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Naimhwaka JH, Daniel L, Hamukwaya EN, Endjala PT, Rahman A, Uahengo V. A Ruthenium Bipyridyl Molecular Dye Sensitizer and an Excited-State Intermolecular Proton Transfer-Active Colorimetric Probe for Anions, with High Affinity Towards CN− in DMSO. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hishimone PN, Hamukwaya E, Uahengo V. The C 2-Symmetry Colorimetric Dye Based on a Thiosemicarbazone Derivative and its Cadmium Complex for Detecting Heavy Metal Cations (Ni 2+, Co 2+, Cd 2+, and Cu 2+) Collectively, in DMF. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:999-1008. [PMID: 33880707 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of chemosensing has been experiencing an exponential expansion in recent times, due to increased demands for simpler and user-friendly analytical techniques, in order to combat and confront the challenges of industrial pollutions in the twenty-first century. Metal complex-based chemosensors have received little attention while exhibiting excellent sensing properties, comparing to their organic counterparts. Thus, a thiosemicarbazone-based (H) and its cadmium complex (P) were synthesized, characterized and their photophysical and chemosensing properties were investigated in DMF solvent. The addition of molar equivalents of selected cations (of nitrates or chloride salts) to H and P, produced visually detectable colour changes as well as remarkable spectral shifts. Explicitly, the two probes (H and P) were able to collectively discriminate heavy metal cations such as Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Ag+, both in DMF, among all other heavy metal cations tested. None of the anions could be detected by H or P, even when the tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAs) were used, the action presumably ascribed to the solvent effect. Thus, H and P can be used to selectively and sensitively detect the presence of heavy metal cations, via naked-eye detectable colour changes in an aqueous soluble solvent such as DMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipus N Hishimone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Windhoek, 9000, Namibia
| | - Eunike Hamukwaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Windhoek, 9000, Namibia
| | - Veikko Uahengo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Windhoek, 9000, Namibia.
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Udhayakumari D. Detection of toxic fluoride ion via chromogenic and fluorogenic sensing. A comprehensive review of the year 2015-2019. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117817. [PMID: 31780310 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride ion (F-) contamination can be accumulated along the water and the food chain and cause serious risk to public health. It is of the greatest importance that selects the suitable chromophores and fluorophores for the design and synthesis of outstanding selective, sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic probes for detection of fluoride ion. In this review is mainly focused on the current progress of fluoride ion detection according to their receptors into several categories like anthracene, azo, benzothiazole, BODIPY, calixarene, coumarin, imidazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, hydrazone, imidazole, naphthalene, naphthalimide, quantum dots, Schiff base and urea group sensing in the year 2015-2019.
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Naimhwaka J, Uahengo V. A naphthoquinone based colorimetric probe for real-time naked eye detection of biologically important anions including cyanide ions in tap water: experimental and theoretical studies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37926-37938. [PMID: 35541817 PMCID: PMC9075787 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A naphthoquinone based colorimetric sensor (N) bearing hydrazone receptors in aqueous media was developed and its recognition properties towards biologically important anions in DMSO–water mixture (9 : 1) were investigated using spectroscopic methods. The hydrazone based receptors showed selectivity towards anions (F−, OH−, CN− and AcO−), through naked eye observable colour changes, from green to light blue (F−, CN− and AcO−) and violet (OH−). The colour changes were concomitant with spectral changes. The sensor could also detect the presence of fluoride ions in commercially available toothpastes, through remarkable colour and spectral changes. In addition, test paper strips prepared from N were able to detect the presence of cyanide (KCN) and hydroxide (NaOH) in tap water. The study was complimented by density functional theory computations to have more insight in the interaction between N and the anions. A naphthoquinone based colorimetric sensor (N) bearing hydrazone receptors in aqueous media was developed and its recognition properties towards biologically important anions in DMSO–water mixture (9 : 1) were investigated using spectroscopic methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Naimhwaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Windhoek 9000 Namibia +264 61 206 3465 +264 61 206 3465
| | - Veikko Uahengo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue Windhoek 9000 Namibia +264 61 206 3465 +264 61 206 3465
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Uahengo V, Naimhwaka J, Daniel LS, Rahman A, Elzagheid MI, Rhyman L, Ramasami P, Cai P. A colorimetric probe for the real-time naked eye detection of cyanide and hydroxide ions in tap water: experimental and theoretical studies. Analyst 2019; 144:6422-6431. [PMID: 31584578 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a colorimetric sensor (L) based on a naphthyl derivative bearing hydrazone receptors was synthesized via a one-step reaction process, and its recognition properties towards biologically important anions in an acetonitrile-water mixture were investigated by naked-eye observation and UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molar addition of anions, such as TBAF-, TBAOH-, TBACN- and TBAAcO-, induced a significant red shift in the charge transfer band (Δλ = 73 nm, from 337 nm to 410 nm), in agreement with visible "naked eye" detectable colorimetric activities; in addition, soaked-in-L paper strips were prepared, which could significantly discriminate cyanide (KCN) and hydroxide (NaOH) ions dissolved in tap water via the litmus test method. This study was complemented by density functional theory computations to gain more insight into the interaction between L and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikko Uahengo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Windhoek, 9000, Namibia.
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Photophysical, electrochemical, and DFT studies of the novel azacrown-bridged dinuclear ruthenium dye sensitizers for solar cells. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Das A, Banesh S, Trivedi V, Biswas S. Extraordinary sensitivity for H 2S and Fe(iii) sensing in aqueous medium by Al-MIL-53-N 3 metal-organic framework: in vitro and in vivo applications of H 2S sensing. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2690-2700. [PMID: 29411808 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An Al(iii) metal-organic framework (MOF) called Al-MIL-53-N3 (1) was synthesized under solvothermal reaction conditions using Al(NO3)3·9H2O and H2BDC-N3 (H2BDC-N3 = 2-azido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) ligand in a DMF/water (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) mixture. Phase purity was checked by performing X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that 1 is highly stable up to 300 °C under air atmosphere. The activated 1 (called 1') showed a very fast fluorescence response to H2S (turn-on) and Fe(iii) ions (turn-off) in an aqueous medium with excellent sensitivity and selectivity even in the presence of other potentially intrusive analytes. In the presence of H2S, the conversion of the azide moiety to amine is responsible for the fluorescence turn-on properties. On the other hand, the partial replacement of framework Al(iii) ions by Fe(iii) can be assigned for the selective detection behavior to Fe(iii) ions. The detection limits (90.47 nM for H2S and 0.03 μM for Fe(iii) ions in water) of 1' are lower than those of the formerly reported MOF type of fluorescent sensors. The 1'-loaded J774A.1 macrophage cells are healthy and respond to intracellular H2S to exhibit strong blue fluorescence, confirming its suitability to detect H2S inside the cells. In addition, 1' can detect H2S in human blood plasma (HBP) and sulfide ions in real water samples. These features make 1' a very promising candidate for the on-site sensing of Fe(iii) ions and the detection of intracellular and extracellular H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India.
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