Two New Mononuclear Copper(II)-Dipeptide Complexes of 2-(2'-Pyridyl)Benzoxazole: DNA Interaction, Antioxidation and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies

Biomedical applications of selective metal complexes of indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole: A review (From 2015 to 2022)

Indole, benzoxazole benzothiazole and benzimidazole are excellent classes of organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds show significant application in pharmacy, industries, dyes, medicine, polymers and food packages. These compounds also form metal complexes with copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium chromium, silver, iron, and other metals that have shown to be significant applications. Recently, researchers have attracted enormous attention toward heterocyclic compounds such as indole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and their complexes due to their excellent medicinal applications such as anti-ulcerogenic, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antiparasitic, anti-obesity, antimalarial, antiglycation, antiviral potency, antineuropathic, analgesic antioxidant, antihistaminic, and antibacterial potentials. In this article, we summarize the medicinal applications of these compounds as well as their metal complexes. We hope this article will help researchers in designing and synthesizing novel and potent compounds with significant applications in various fields.

Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Efficacy Evaluation of Benzoxanthone Compounds toward Gastric Cancer SGC-7901

Three benzoxanthone derivatives were synthesized through a new photochemical strategy. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and their partition coefficients (logP) were measured by shake flask method. The pK_a values of the compounds were detected by potentionmetric titration. The interaction of the compounds with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by electronic absorption, luminescence spectra and viscosity. A molecular docking analysis was performed. The antitumor efficacy of the compounds was evaluated by cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed using JC-1 (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3′,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide) as the fluorescence probe. The expression of Bcl-2 family protein, caspase 3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) was explored by western blot. The results showed that the compounds induced apoptosis through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. This work provides an efficient approach to synthesize benzoxanthone derivatives, and is helpful for understanding the apoptotic mechanism.

Anticancer activity of benzoxazole derivative (2015 onwards): a review

Background

According to the report published recently by the World Health Organization, the number of cancer cases in the world will increase to 22 million by 2030. So the anticancer drug research and development is taking place in the direction where the new entities are developed which are low in toxicity and are with improved activity. Benzoxazole and its derivative represent a very important class of heterocyclic compounds, which have a diverse therapeutic area. Recently, many active compounds synthesized are very effective; natural products isolated with benzoxazole moiety have also shown to be potent towards cancer.

Main text

In the last few years, many research groups have designed and developed many novel compounds with benzoxazole as their backbone and checked their anticancer activity. In the review article, the recent developments (mostly after 2015) made in the direction of design and synthesis of new scaffolds with very potent anticancer activity are briefly described. The effect of various heterocycles attached to the benzoxazole and their effect on the anticancer activity are thoroughly studied and recorded in the review.

Conclusion

These compiled data in the article will surely update the scientific community with the recent development in this area and will provide direction for further research in this area.