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Ferreira AH, Marques FLN, Real CC, Thipe VC, Freitas LF, Lima CSA, de Souza LE, Junqueira MS, de Paula Faria D, Varca GHC, Lugão AB, Katti KV. Green Nanotechnology Through Papain Nanoparticles: Preclinical in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Imaging Triple-Negative Breast Tumors. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:211-226. [PMID: 39346128 PMCID: PMC11439364 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s474194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advancements in nanomedicine and nanotechnology have expanded the scope of multifunctional nanostructures, offering innovative solutions for targeted drug delivery and diagnostic agents in oncology and nuclear medicine. Nanoparticles, particularly those derived from natural sources, hold immense potential in overcoming biological barriers to enhance therapeutic efficacy and diagnostic accuracy. Papain, a natural plant protease derived from Carica papaya, emerges as a promising candidate for green nanotechnology-based applications due to its diverse medicinal properties, including anticancer properties. Purpose This study presents a novel approach in nanomedicine and oncology, exploring the potential of green nanotechnology by developing and evaluating technetium-99m radiolabeled papain nanoparticles (99mTc-P-NPs) for imaging breast tumors. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and specificity of these nanoparticles in breast cancer models through preclinical in vitro and in vivo assessments. Methods Papain nanoparticles (P-NPs) were synthesized using a radiation-driven method and underwent thorough characterization, including size, surface morphology, surface charge, and cytotoxicity assessment. Subsequently, P-NPs were radiolabeled with technetium-99m (99mTc), and in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate cellular uptake at tumor sites, along with biodistribution, SPECT/CT imaging, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry assays, using breast cancer models. Results The synthesized P-NPs exhibited a size mean diameter of 9.3 ± 1.9 nm and a spherical shape. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of native papain and P-NPs showed low cytotoxicity in HUVEC, MDA-MB231, and 4T1 cells. The achieved radiochemical yield was 94.2 ± 3.1% that were sufficiently stable (≥90%) for 6 h. The tumor uptake achieved in the 4T1 model was 2.49 ± 0.32% IA/g at 2 h and 1.51 ± 0.20% IA/g at 6 h. In the spontaneous breast cancer model, 1.19 ± 0.20% IA/g at 2 h and 0.86 ± 0.31% IA/g at 6 h. SPECT/CT imaging has shown substantial tumor uptake of the new nanoradiopharmaceutical and clear tumor visualization. 99mTc-P-NPs exhibited a high affinity to tumoral cells confirmed by ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry assays. Conclusion The findings underscore the potential of green nanotechnology-driven papain nanoparticles as promising agents for molecular imaging of breast and other tumors through SPECT/CT imaging. The results represent a substantial step forward in the application of papain nanoparticles as carriers of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides to deliver diagnostic/therapeutic payloads site-specifically to tumor sites for the development of a new generation of nanoradiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryel H Ferreira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
- MackGraphe - Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
- Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná - Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Curitiba-PR, 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio L N Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05403-911, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Real
- Aarhus University, Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Velaphi C Thipe
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lucas F Freitas
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
- MackGraphe - Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Caroline S A Lima
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
- MackGraphe - Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Larissa Estessi de Souza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05403-911, Brazil
| | - Mara S Junqueira
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05403-911, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H C Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ademar B Lugão
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Kattesh V Katti
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Sapkota R, Munt DJ, Kincaid AE, Dash AK. Liposomes and transferosomes in the delivery of papain for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290224. [PMID: 38100466 PMCID: PMC10723692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are characterized by an excessive collagen deposition. The available treatment options are invasive and can result in recurrence of scar formation. Using liposomes and transferosomes for the topical delivery of papain, a proteolytic enzyme, can be effective treatment. The objective of the study is to formulate papain-loaded liposomes and transferosomes, characterize the formulations, and study in vitro permeation using shed snake skin and Sprague-Dawley rat skin as models for stratum corneum and full thickness skin. Papain-loaded liposomes and transferosomes were formulated using the thin-film hydration method for the delivery of papain across the stratum corneum barrier. An in vitro permeation study carried out using shed-snake skin and Sprague-Dawley rat skin models showed that transferosomes were able to deliver papain across the stratum corneum barrier, while papain solution and papain liposomes were not able to cross the barrier. However, transferosomes were not able to deliver papain across the full thickness rat skin model suggesting the deposition of papain loaded transferosomes in the epidermal or dermal layer of skin. In addition, an ex-vivo model was used to analyze the effect of papain exposure on the morphology of the epidermis taken from rat skin exposed to papain solution, papain in transferosomes and papain in liposomes. Papain in solution resulted in a noticeable degradation of the epidermis, but when embedded in either transferosomes or liposomes there was no noticeable change when compared to control animals. The cytotoxicity study performed using HeLa cells showed that the cells were viable at papain concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Anthony E. Kincaid
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Alekha K. Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Profession, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Kitamura M, Umemura K. Hybridization of papain molecules and DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes evaluated by atomic force microscopy in fluids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4833. [PMID: 36964258 PMCID: PMC10039081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and biomolecules, such as nanobiosensors and nanobiodevices, have been reported, the conjugation of papain and SWNTs have not been reported because of the formation of unexpected aggregates. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid was used to investigate the interactions between papain and DNA-wrapped SWNTs (DNA-SWNTs) at two different pH values (pH 3.0 and 10.5). The direct AFM observation of the mixture of papain and DNA-SWNTs confirmed the aggregation of papain molecules with DNA-SWNTs in the buffer solutions. The numerous and non-uniform adsorption of papain molecules onto DNA-SWNTs was more pronounced at pH 3.0 than that at pH 10.5. Furthermore, thick conjugates appeared when papain and DNA-SWNTs were simultaneously mixed. The near-infrared photoluminescence spectra of the SWNTs drastically changed when the papain molecules were injected into the DNA-SWNT suspension at pH 3.0. Thus, the regulation of electrostatic interactions is a key aspect in preparing optimal conjugates of papain and DNA-SWNTs. Furthermore, although previous papers reported AFM images of dried samples, this study demonstrates the potential of AFM in liquid in evaluating individual bioconjugates of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kitamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 1628601, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 1628601, Japan
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Bicak B, Kecel-Gunduz S, Budama-Kilinc Y, Ozdemir B. Molecular docking studies of YKT tripeptide and drug delivery system with poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100437. [PMID: 35150004 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosyllysylthreonine (YKT) is a peptide structure that contains three different amino acids in its structure and has anticancer properties. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the structural interactions of the peptide and to increase the efficiency of the peptide with nanoformulation. For these purposes, YKT-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the double-emission precipitation method and the obtained NPs were characterized with a Zeta Sizer, UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectrometers, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro release profile of the peptide-loaded PCL NPs was determined. In molecular modeling studies, PCL, PCL-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and PCL-PVA-YKT systems were simulated in an aqueous medium by molecular dynamics simulations, separately. The information about the interactions between the YKT tripeptide and the epidermal growth factor and androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors were obtained with the molecular docking study. Additionally, the ADME profile of YKT was determined as a result of each docking study. In conclusion, tripeptide-based nanodrug development studies of the YKT tripeptide are presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Bicak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serda Kecel-Gunduz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Ozdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Mollazadeh S, Sahebkar A, Shahlaei M, Moradi S. Nano drug delivery systems: Molecular dynamic simulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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de Lima CSA, Varca JPRO, Nogueira KM, Fazolin GN, de Freitas LF, de Souza EW, Lugão AB, Varca GHC. Semi-Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations for the Delivery of Papain Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121170. [PMID: 33271859 PMCID: PMC7761214 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain is a therapeutic enzyme with restricted applications due to associated allergenic reactions. Papain nanoparticles have shown to be safe for biomedical use, although a method for proper drug loading and release remains to be developed. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and assess the stability of papain nanoparticles in a prototype semi-solid formulation suitable for dermatological or topical administrations. Papain nanoparticles of 7.0 ± 0.1 nm were synthesized and loaded into carboxymethylcellulose- and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based gels. The formulations were then assayed for preliminary stability, enzyme activity, cytotoxicity studies, and characterized according to their microstructures and protein distribution. The formulations were suitable for papain nanoparticle loading and provided a stable environment for the nanoparticles. The enzyme distribution along the gel matrix was homogeneous for all the formulations, and the proteolytic activity was preserved after the gel preparation. Both gels presented a slow release of the papain nanoparticles for four days. Cell viability assays revealed no potential cytotoxicity, and the presence of the nanoparticles did not alter the microstructure of the gel. The developed systems presented a potential for biomedical applications, either as drug delivery systems for papain nanoparticles and/or its complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. A. de Lima
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.A.d.L.); (G.H.C.V.)
| | - Justine P. R. O. Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Kamila M. Nogueira
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Gabriela N. Fazolin
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Lucas F. de Freitas
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Eliseu W. de Souza
- Department of Polymers, Technology College (Fatec), São Paulo 03694-000, Brazil;
| | - Ademar B. Lugão
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
| | - Gustavo. H. C. Varca
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.P.R.O.V.); (K.M.N.); (G.N.F.); (L.F.d.F.); (A.B.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.A.d.L.); (G.H.C.V.)
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Aktaş A, Tüzün B, Aslan R, Sayin K, Ataseven H. New anti-viral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 instead of favipiravir. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7263-7273. [PMID: 32783586 PMCID: PMC7484583 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1806112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a major problem in the world right now. Currently, all the attention of research centers and governments globally are focused on the investigation of vaccination studies and the discovery of small molecules that inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the treatment of patients. The goal of this study was to locate small molecules to be used against COVID19 instead of favipiravir. Favipiravir analogues were selected as drug candidates from the PubChem web tool. The RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein was selected as the target protein as favipiravir inhibits this protein in the human body. Initially, the inhibition activity of the studied compounds against RdRp of different virus types was investigated. Then, the inhibition properties of selected drug candidates and favipiravir were examined in detail against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp proteins. It was found that 2-oxo-1H-pyrazine-3-carboxamide performed better than favipiravir in the results of molecular docking, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PSBA) calculations, and ADME analyses. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Aktaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Burak Tüzün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Aslan
- Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Koray Sayin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.,Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Ataseven
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.,Ministry of Health of Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Public Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
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Almeida Furquim de Camargo B, Soares Silva DE, Noronha da Silva A, Campos DL, Machado Ribeiro TR, Mieli MJ, Borges Teixeira Zanatta M, Bento da Silva P, Pavan FR, Gallina Moreira C, Resende FA, Menegário AA, Chorilli M, Vieira de Godoy Netto A, Bauab TM. New Silver(I) Coordination Compound Loaded into Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy to Improve In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2287-2298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anderson Noronha da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Júlia Mieli
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogerio Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Araraquara, Araraquara 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antônio Menegário
- Environmental Studies Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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Taslimi P, Erden Y, Mamedov S, Zeynalova L, Ladokhina N, Tas R, Tuzun B, Sujayev A, Sadeghian N, Alwasel SH, Gulcin I. The biological activities, molecular docking studies, and anticancer effects of 1-arylsuphonylpyrazole derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3336-3346. [PMID: 32364008 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1763838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to definition of the direction of reaction between 1-benzenesulfonylimino pyridinium chloride and α- or β-halo-containing sulfamides, chloroacetic acid, 1-chloro-2,3-dihydroxypropane, etc. The optimal conditions for the synchronous reaction of heterocyclization are determined. Benzenesulfonyliminopyridinium chloride was obtained to form pyrazolopyridines with 1,2-polarophiles, and pyridazine pyridines with 1,3-polarophiles. These novel derivatives were found as effective inhibitors of the α-glycosidase with Ki values in the range of 13.66 ± 2.63-60.63 ± 12.71 nM. The molecules (II-X) against enzyme were compared theoretically with the help of molecular docking to compare biological activities. The results were compared with the numerical values of the parameters obtained from molecular docking calculations and found to be in great agreement with the experimental results. However, ADME analysis of molecules was performed. Also, the compounds exhibited significant anticancer effect depending on the doses administered.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Taslimi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Erden
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Sabir Mamedov
- Laboratory of Faine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Lala Zeynalova
- Laboratory of Faine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Nina Ladokhina
- Laboratory of Faine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Recep Tas
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Burak Tuzun
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Afsun Sujayev
- Laboratory of Faine Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry of Additives, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Nastaran Sadeghian
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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