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Koparde SV, Nille OS, Kolekar AG, Bote PP, Gaikwad KV, Anbhule PV, Pawar SP, Kolekar GB. Okra peel-derived nitrogen-doped carbon dots: Eco-friendly synthesis and multi-functional applications in heavy metal ion sensing, nitro compound detection and environmental remediation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124659. [PMID: 38943759 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study explores the kitchen waste okra peels derived synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via simple carbonization followed by reflux method. The synthesized N-CDs was characterized using, TEM, XPS, FTIR, XRD, Raman, UV-Visible and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The N-CDs emits bright blue emission at 420 nm with 12 % of quantum yield as well as it follows excitation dependent emission. Further, the N-CDs were employed as a fluorescence sensor for detection of hazardous metal ions and nitro compounds. Among various metal ions and nitro compounds, the N-CDs shows fluorescence quenching response towards Cr6+, and Mn7+ metal ions as well as 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) and picric acid (PA) with significant hypsochromic and bathochromic shift for Mn7+, 4-NA and PA respectively. The developed fluorescent probe shows relatively low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.46 µg/mL, 1.05 µg/mL, 2.1 µg/mL and 2.2 µg/mL for the above analytes respectively. The N-CDs did not show any significant interference with coexisting ions and successfully applied for real water sample analysis. In addition, circular economy approach was employed for adsorption of dyes by reactivating leftover waste carbon residue which was obtained after reflux. Thus, the kitchen waste valorization and circular economy approach based N-CDs have potential applications in the field of detection of emerging pollutants, and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha V Koparde
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, (MS), India; Department of Chemistry, Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu College, Kolhapur-416003, (MS), India
| | - Omkar S Nille
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, (MS), India
| | - Akanksha G Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, (MS), India
| | - Prachi P Bote
- Department of Chemistry, Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu College, Kolhapur-416003, (MS), India
| | - Kishor V Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry, Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu College, Kolhapur-416003, (MS), India
| | - Prashant V Anbhule
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, (MS), India
| | - Samadhan P Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu College, Kolhapur-416003, (MS), India.
| | - Govind B Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004, (MS), India.
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2
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Gan J, Chen L, Chen Z, Zhang J, Yu W, Huang C, Wu Y, Zhang K. Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Carbon Dots: Synthesis Processes, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304066. [PMID: 37537709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterial, have attracted widespread attention because of their numerous excellent properties. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable natural resource and possesses broad potential to manufacture different composite and smart materials. Numerous studies have explored the potential of using the components (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in lignocellulosic biomass to produce CDs. There are few papers systemically aiming in the review of the state-of-the-art works related to lignocellulosic biomass-derived CDs. In this review, the significant advances in synthesis processes, formation mechanisms, structural characteristics, optical properties, and applications of lignocellulosic biomass-based CDs such as cellulose-based CDs, hemicellulose-based CDs and lignin-based CDs in latest research are reviewed. In addition, future research directions on the improvement of the synthesis technology of CDs using lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials to enhance the properties of CDs are proposed. This review will serve as a road map for scientists engaged in research and exploring more applications of CDs in different science fields to achieve the highest material performance goals of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials and Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Wenji Yu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-Based Composites, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Swathi R, Reddy GB, Rajkumar B, Ramakrishna D, Swamy PY. Jamun Seed-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots: A Novel Microwave-Assisted Synthesis for Ultra-Bright Fluorescence and Mn 7+ Detection. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03438-2. [PMID: 37747598 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
For the synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures, biomass is considered as a promising option. Utilizing the microwave-assisted method, we have demonstrated an easy and straightforward one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-doped luminous carbon dots (NCDs) from jamun seed powder and guanidine hydrochloride. Structural and morphological analyses were performed using various analytical techniques. Under ultraviolet light of 315 nm, NCDs emit a bright blue fluorescence, possess a high quantum yield of 26.90%, exhibit strong water dispersion, and demonstrated excellent stability. The average particle size of the NCDs was found to be 7.5±1.2 nm, with a spherical shape. NCDs exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity in fluorescence quenching when exposed to Mn7+ ions. Over a concentration range of 2-30 µM, the fluorescence response (F0/F) shows a linear relationship with Mn7+ concentration, with a detection limit of 0.81 µM. The probe exhibited negligible interference and proved to be effective in accurately quantifying Mn7+ in spiked real-water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Swathi
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500008, India
| | - G Bhagavanth Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Palamuru University, Wanaparthy, Telangana, 509001, India
| | - Bandi Rajkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500008, India
| | - Dadigala Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500008, India
| | - P Yadagiri Swamy
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500008, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Palamuru University, Wanaparthy, Telangana, 509001, India.
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4
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Akram Z, Raza A, Mehdi M, Arshad A, Deng X, Sun S. Recent Advancements in Metal and Non-Metal Mixed-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Emerging Potential Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2336. [PMID: 37630922 PMCID: PMC10459133 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In nanotechnology, the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by mixed doping with metals and non-metals has emerged as an appealing path of investigation. This review offers comprehensive insights into the synthesis, properties, and emerging applications of mixed-doped CQDs, underlining their potential for revolutionary advancements in chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, and, thereby, contributing to advancements in diagnostics, therapeutics, and the under standing of complex biological processes. This synergistic combination enhances their sensitivity and selectivity towards specific chemical analytes. The resulting CQDs exhibit remarkable fluorescence properties that can be involved in precise chemical sensing applications. These metal-modified CQDs show their ability in the selective and sensitive detection from Hg to Fe and Mn ions. By influencing their exceptional fluorescence properties, they enable precise detection and monitoring of biomolecules, such as uric acid, cholesterol, and many antibiotics. Moreover, when it comes to bioimaging, these doped CQDs show unique behavior towards detecting cell lines. Their ability to emit light across a wide spectrum enables high-resolution imaging with minimal background noise. We uncover their potential in visualizing different cancer cell lines, offering valuable insights into cancer research and diagnostics. In conclusion, the synthesis of mixed-doped CQDs opens the way for revolutionary advancements in chemical sensing, biosensing, and bioimaging. As we investigate deeper into this field, we unlock new possibilities for diagnostics, therapeutics, and understanding complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Akram
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Z.A.); (A.R.); (A.A.); (X.D.)
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Z.A.); (A.R.); (A.A.); (X.D.)
| | - Muhammad Mehdi
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Anam Arshad
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Z.A.); (A.R.); (A.A.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Z.A.); (A.R.); (A.A.); (X.D.)
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Z.A.); (A.R.); (A.A.); (X.D.)
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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Bazazi S, Hosseini SP, Hashemi E, Rashidzadeh B, Liu Y, Saeb MR, Xiao H, Seidi F. Polysaccharide-based C-dots and polysaccharide/C-dot nanocomposites: fabrication strategies and applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3630-3650. [PMID: 36728615 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
C-dots are a new class of materials with vast applications. The synthesis of bio-based C-dots has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Polysaccharides being the most abundant natural materials with high biodegradability and no toxicity have been the focus of researchers for the synthesis of C-dots. C-dots obtained from polysaccharides are generally fabricated via thermal procedures, carbonization, and microwave pyrolysis. Small size, photo-induced electron transfer (PET), and highly adjustable luminosity behavior are the most important physical and chemical properties of C-dots. However, C-dot/polysaccharide composites can be introduced as a new generation of composites that combine the features of both C-dots and polysaccharides having a wide range of applications in biomedicines, biosensors, drug delivery systems, etc. This review demonstrates the features, raw materials, and methods used for the fabrication of C-dots derived from different polysaccharides. Furthermore, the properties, applications, and synthesis conditions of various C-dot/polysaccharide composites are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bazazi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Hosseini
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Esmaeil Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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6
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Huang S, Song Y, Zhang JR, Chen X, Zhu JJ. Antibacterial Carbon Dots-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207385. [PMID: 36799145 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of bacterial resistance to conventionally used antibiotics have highlighted the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents that might replace antibiotics. Currently, nanomaterials hold considerable promise as antimicrobial agents in anti-inflammatory therapy. Due to their distinctive functional physicochemical characteristics and exceptional biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs)-based composites have attracted a lot of attention in the context of these antimicrobial nanomaterials. Here, a thorough assessment of current developments in the field of antimicrobial CDs-based composites is provided, starting with a brief explanation of the general synthesis procedures, categorization, and physicochemical characteristics of CDs-based composites. The many processes driving the antibacterial action of these composites are then thoroughly described, including physical destruction, oxidative stress, and the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Finally, the obstacles that CDs-based composites now suffer in combating infectious diseases are outlined and investigated, along with the potential applications of antimicrobial CDs-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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7
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Fan J, Kang L, Cheng X, Liu D, Zhang S. Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots and Their Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4473. [PMID: 36558326 PMCID: PMC9783293 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) can be widely used in the field of sensing because of its good water solubility, low toxicity, high fluorescence stability and excellent biocompatibility. It has become a popular trend to prepare high-value, inexpensive, renewable and environmentally friendly CDs sensors from biomass resources. This article reviewed the research progress of biomass-derived CDs as chemical, physical and biological sensors in recent years and studied their preparation processes and sensing abilities. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of biomass-CDs sensors were discussed. This article is expected to provide inspirations for the design, preparation and application of biomass-CDs sensors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Textile and Clothing, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Lei Kang
- School of Surveying & Testing, Shaanxi Railway Institute, Weinan 714000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Textile and Clothing, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Textile and Clothing, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Sufeng Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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8
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Issa MA, Zentou H, Jabbar ZH, Abidin ZZ, Harun H, Halim NAA, Alkhabet MM, Pudza MY. Ecofriendly adsorption and sensitive detection of Hg (II) by biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon dots: process modelling using central composite design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86859-86872. [PMID: 35802332 PMCID: PMC9264744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, luminescent bio-adsorbent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was produced and applied for the removal and detection of Hg (II) from aqueous media. N-CDs were synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and urea. According to several analytical techniques used, the obtained N-CDs display graphitic core with an average size of 4.2 nm, are enriched with active sites, stable over a wide range of pH and have great resistance to photobleaching. The N-CDs have bright blue emission with an improved quantum yield (QY) of up to 35.5%. The effect of the variables including pH, adsorbent mass, initial concentration and incubation time on the removal of Hg (II) was investigated using central composite design. The statistical results confirmed that the adsorption process could reach equilibrium within 30 min. The reduced cubic model (R2 = 0.9989) revealed a good correlation between the observed values and predicted data. The optimal variables were pH of 7, dose of 0.1 g, initial concentration of 100 mg/L and duration of 30 min. Under these conditions, adsorption efficiency of 84.6% was obtained. The adsorption kinetic data could be well expressed by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The optimal adsorption capacity was 116.3 mg g-1. Furthermore, the adsorbent has a good selectivity towards Hg (II) with a detection limit of 0.01 μM due to the special interaction between Hg (II) and carboxyl/amino groups on the edge of N-CDs. This work provided an alternative direction for constructing low-cost adsorbents with effective sorption and sensing of Hg (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Oil and Gas Economics, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hamid Zentou
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaid H Jabbar
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zurina Z Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haninah Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Amirah Abdul Halim
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed M Alkhabet
- Medical Instrumentation Technical Engineering, Al-Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Musa Y Pudza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Ultra speed synthesis of carbon quantum dots (GCQDs) and Gold (GCQDs-Au) Nano composites, for the Catalytic reduction of MG Dye, Microbial activity and stability studies. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Song X, Zhao S, Xu Y, Chen X, Wang S, Zhao P, Pu Y, Ragauskas AJ. Preparation, Properties, and Application of Lignocellulosic-Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102486. [PMID: 35199466 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a relatively new type of fluorescent carbon material with excellent performance and widespread application. As the most readily available and widely distributed biomass resource, lignocellulosics are a renewable bioresource with great potential. Research into the preparation of CDs with lignocellulose (LC-CDs) has become the focus of numerous researchers. Compared with other carbon sources, lignocellulose is low cost, rich in structural variety, exhibits excellent biocompatibility,[1] and the structures of CDs prepared by lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are similar. This Review summarized research progress in the preparation of CDs from lignocellulosics in recent years and reviewed traditional and new preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, optical properties, and applications of LC-CDs, providing guidance for the formation and improvement of LC-CDs. In addition, the challenges of synthesizing LC-CDs were also highlighted, including the interaction of different lignocellulose components on the formation of LC-CDs and the nucleation and growth mechanism of LC-CDs; from this, current trends and opportunities of LC-CDs were examined, and some research methods for future research were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Song
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Siyu Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Peitao Zhao
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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11
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Aggarwal R, Saini D, Sonkar SK, Sonker AK, Westman G. Sunlight promoted removal of toxic hexavalent chromium by cellulose derived photoactive carbon dots. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132287. [PMID: 34563775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A scalable synthetic procedure for fabricating photoactive carbon dots (CD) from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is presented. The MCC was transformed into a photoactive nanosized CD by a one-step acid-assisted thermal-carbonization (~90 °C for 30 min). The efficiency of the obtained CD was determined by photo-removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions from wastewater. CD obtained from cellulose completely removed 20 ppm of Cr(VI) wastewater within ∼120 min under sunlight illumination. No Cr(VI) removal was observed in dark conditions and with control cellulose material as reference samples. The Cr(VI) removal follows pseudo-first-order kinetics along with a half-life of ∼26 min. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) removal from wastewater was supported via cyclic voltammetry analysis. Using a low-cost, naturally available cellulose material and sulfuric acid, the world's most-used chemical, creates techno-economic prerequisites for a scalable process of photoactive carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Westman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden.
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12
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Wu J, Chen G, Jia Y, Ji C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Leblanc RM, Peng Z. Carbon dot composites for bioapplications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:843-869. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the synthesis of carbon dot composites and their applications in biomedical fields (bioimaging, drug delivery and biosensing) have been carefully summarized. The current challenges and future trends of CD composites in this field have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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13
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A highly sensitive and selective phthalazine derivative based fluorescent organic nanosheets for simultaneous detection of Cr6+ and Mn7+ in aqueous media. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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An Overview of the Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots—Promising Nanomaterials for Metal Ion Detection and (Bio)Molecule Sensing. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent an emerging subset of carbonaceous nanomaterials, recently becoming a powerful tool for biosensing, bioimaging, and drug and gene delivery. In general, carbon dots are defined as zero-dimensional (0D), spherical-like nanoparticles with <10 nm in size. Their unique chemical, optical, and electronic properties make CQDs versatile materials for a wide spectrum of applications, mainly for the sensing and biomedical purposes. Due to their good biocompatibility, water solubility, and relatively facile modification, these novel materials have attracted tremendous interest in recent years, which is especially important for nanotechnology and nanoscience expertise. The preparation of the biomass-derived CQDs has attracted growing interest recently due to their low-cost, renewable, and green biomass resources, presenting also the variability of possible modification for the enhancement of CQDs’ properties. This review is primarily focused on the recent developments in carbon dots and their application in the sensing of different chemical species within the last five years. Furthermore, special emphasis has been made regarding the green approaches for obtaining CQDs and nanomaterial characterization toward better understanding the mechanisms of photoluminescent behavior and sensing performance. In addition, some of the challenges and future outlooks in CQDs research have been briefly outlined.
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15
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Divya, Mahapatra S, Srivastava VR, Chandra P. Nanobioengineered Sensing Technologies Based on Cellulose Matrices for Detection of Small Molecules, Macromolecules, and Cells. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:168. [PMID: 34073910 PMCID: PMC8225109 DOI: 10.3390/bios11060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancement has been accomplished in the field of biosensors through the modification of cellulose as a nano-engineered matrix material. To date, various techniques have been reported to develop cellulose-based matrices for fabricating different types of biosensors. Trends of involving cellulosic materials in paper-based multiplexing devices and microfluidic analytical technologies have increased because of their disposable, portable, biodegradable properties and cost-effectiveness. Cellulose also has potential in the development of cytosensors because of its various unique properties including biocompatibility. Such cellulose-based sensing devices are also being commercialized for various biomedical diagnostics in recent years and have also been considered as a method of choice in clinical laboratories and personalized diagnosis. In this paper, we have discussed the engineering aspects of cellulose-based sensors that have been reported where such matrices have been used to develop various analytical modules for the detection of small molecules, metal ions, macromolecules, and cells present in a diverse range of samples. Additionally, the developed cellulose-based biosensors and related analytical devices have been comprehensively described in tables with details of the sensing molecule, readout system, sensor configuration, response time, real sample, and their analytical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.); (S.M.); (V.R.S.)
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16
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Mohammed A, Gugulothu Y, Bandi R, Dadigala R, Utkoor UK. Ultraspeed synthesis of highly fluorescent N‐doped carbon dots for the label‐free detection of manganese (
VII
). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Areef Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | - Yaku Gugulothu
- Department of Chemistry Osmania University Hyderabad India
| | - Rajkumar Bandi
- Department of Chemistry Osmania University Hyderabad India
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17
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Abdullah Issa M, Z. Abidin Z. Sustainable Development of Enhanced Luminescence Polymer-Carbon Dots Composite Film for Rapid Cd 2+ Removal from Wastewater. Molecules 2020; 25:E3541. [PMID: 32756377 PMCID: PMC7436165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a remedy for environmental pollution, a versatile synthetic approach has been developed to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) composite film (PVA-CDs) for removal of toxic cadmium ions. The CDs were first synthesized using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) of oil palms empty fruit bunch wastes with the addition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and then the CDs were embedded with PVA. The PVA-CDs film possess synergistic functionalities through increasing the content of hydrogen bonds for chemisorption compared to the pure CDs. Optical analysis of PVA-CDs film was performed by ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compared to the pure CDs, the solid-state PVA-CDs displayed a bright blue color with a quantum yield (QY) of 47%; they possess excitation-independent emission and a higher Cd2+ removal efficiency of 91.1%. The equilibrium state was achieved within 10 min. It was found that adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption uptake was 113.6 mg g-1 at an optimal pH of 7. Desorption experiments showhe that adsorbent can be reused fruitfully for five adsorption-desorption cycles using 0.1 HCl elution. The film was successfully applied to real water samples with a removal efficiency of 95.34% and 90.9% for tap and drinking water, respectively. The fabricated membrane is biodegradable and its preparation follows an ecofriendly green route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Z. Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Issa MA, Abidin ZZ, Sobri S, Rashid SA, Mahdi MA, Ibrahim NA. Fluorescent recognition of Fe 3+ in acidic environment by enhanced-quantum yield N-doped carbon dots: optimization of variables using central composite design. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11710. [PMID: 32678157 PMCID: PMC7366660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A versatile synthetic approach for development of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) from carboxymethylcellulose in the presence of linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) has been developed. According to single factor method, central composite design incorporated with response surface methodology matrix was applied to find and model optimal conditions for the temperature (220-260 °C), duration (1-3 h) and LPEI weight (0.5-1.5%). The statistical results show that duration was the most significant parameter for efficient carbonization conversion rate in comparison with temperature and LPEI weight. The reduced cubic model (R2 = 0.9993) shows a good correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. The optimal variables were temperature of 260 °C, duration of 2 h and LPEI weight of 1%. Under these conditions, quantum yield of up to 44% was obtained. The numerically optimized N-CDs have an average size of 3.4 nm with graphitic nature owing to the abundant amino species incorporated into the carbon core framework. The blue-green N-CDs possess emission dependent upon the solvent polarity, wide pH stability with enhanced emission in an acidic environment. Impressively, the N-CDs show long-shelf-life for up to 1 year with no noticeable precipitation. The N-CDs were able to recognize a high concentration of Fe3+ ions with a detection limit of 0.14 μM in acidic solution owing to the special coordination for Fe3+ to be captured by electron-donating oxygen/ amino groups around N-CDs. Moreover, the N-CDs can also be used as a new kind of fluorescent ink for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zurina Z Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shafreeza Sobri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Department of Computer and Communications Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Fan J, Zhang S, Li F, Shi J. Cellulose-based sensors for metal ions detection. CELLULOSE 2020; 27:5477-5507. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-020-03158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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20
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Issa MA, Abidin ZZ, Pudza MY, Zentou H. Efficient removal of Cu(ii) from aqueous systems using enhanced quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14979-14990. [PMID: 35497143 PMCID: PMC9052113 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low value waste resources have been converted into value-added luminescence carbon dots for copper adsorption from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Zurina Z. Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Musa Y. Pudza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Hamid Zentou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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