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Hu Y, Zhang L, Zhao D, Gao X. Winning Exposure and Positive Illusions Among Chinese Lottery Gamblers: Moderating Effects of Lottery Winning Experience and Socioeconomic Status. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10307-5. [PMID: 38802626 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Positive illusions and winning exposure are key factors leading to problem lottery gambling, but few studies have examined the relationships between them. 402 Chinese lottery gamblers was conducted with the Winning Exposure Questionnaire, the Positive illusion Questionnaire, the Winning Experience Questionnaire, and the Social and Economic Status Questionnaire to investigate the relationship between winning exposure and positive illusions as well as the moderating role of winning experience and socioeconomic status. The results showed that winning exposure can significantly and positively predict the positive illusions (optimism bias, better than average bias, and illusion of control) of lottery gamblers. The highest winning amount and subjective socioeconomic status significantly moderated the relationship between winning exposure and optimism bias. That was to say, for lottery gamblers with smaller maximum winning amount and lower subjective socioeconomic status, the association between winning exposure and optimism bias was stronger. Furthermore, the moderating effect of highest winning amount in the relationship between winning exposure and better than average bias, and the moderating effects of occupational status and subjective socioeconomic status in the relationship between winning exposure and illusion of control were marginally significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Education and Psychology, Tianjin University of Sport, No. 16 Donghai Road, West Tuanbo New Town, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Libin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Demao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
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Lelonek-Kuleta B, Bartczuk RP, Tovar ML, Benoit E, Costes JM. Experiencing a significant win and its sociodemographic and motivational predictors: A comparative analysis of pure-chance gamblers from Poland and France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277972. [PMID: 36409760 PMCID: PMC9678313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between wins and gambling behavior often focuses on winning considerably large amounts of money. It seems, however, that it is not the amount of the win, but the significance that the player assigns to the win, that exerts a decisive influence on gambling behavior. Therefore, in this study we adopted the concept of significant win: a win perceived by gamblers as important to them. The research aimed to discover what kind of wins are experienced as significant and what factors explain experiencing wins as significant. This study, conducted in Poland (N = 3,143) and France (N = 5,692), also had a comparative goal: discovering intercultural differences in experiencing significant wins. A computer-assisted web survey was administered to gamblers who engaged in pure-chance gambling, where the participant does not influence the outcome of the gamble after the initial bet is placed-selected from representative samples in both countries. We used logistic regression models to examine predictors of significant win experience in both countries and the differences between the countries. The results demonstrated that Polish gamblers more frequently considered a win significant when it was accompanied by strong, often negative emotions and was higher in monetary value normalized in terms of average monthly personal income, than French gamblers. French gamblers more frequently associated a significant win with a positive experience. The common predictors of a significant win experience in both countries were: being in debt, experiencing the win of a close person, gambling in a game of pure chance other than lotteries, more systematic pursuit of gambling, self-enhancement motivation, and coping motivation to gamble. Age at initiation into gambling was a significant predictor only in the French sample, whereas a financial motivation was a significant predictor in the Polish one. The results confirmed that the subjective perception of gambling wins is only partially related to the amounts of wins, which has practical implications for planning prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta
- The Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafał P. Bartczuk
- The Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marie-Line Tovar
- Pôle d’Innovation et d’Expérimentation sur le Jeu Excessif, Société d’Entraide et d’Action Psychologique, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuel Benoit
- Pôle d’Innovation et d’Expérimentation sur le Jeu Excessif, Société d’Entraide et d’Action Psychologique, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Costes
- Associated Researcher, Research Chair on Gambling, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Damen TG. Sense of Agency as a predictor of risk-taking. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 197:10-15. [PMID: 31048105 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that people tend to underestimate risks that are under their control. It is however unclear which processes underlie the control-risk relation. The present research investigated the feeling of causal control known as agency as a predictor of risk-perception and risk-taking. In two studies, participants performed a risk-taking task in which their actions either caused immediate or delayed outcomes - a validated manipulation of agency. Results show that when outcomes were shown immediately rather than delayed, and respectively, when agency was high rather than low, participants reported a higher ability to control risks (Study 1). Furthermore, they were also more inclined to take risks (Study 2). The present research, the first to apply principles that emerged from fundamental research on agency into the societally relevant domain of risk-related perception and behavior, therefore showed a clear relation between agency and risk.
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Gremaud AL, Carr LJ, Simmering JE, Evans NJ, Cremer JF, Segre AM, Polgreen LA, Polgreen PM. Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007735. [PMID: 29967221 PMCID: PMC6064890 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sedentary work is hazardous. Over 80% of all US jobs are predominantly sedentary, placing full‐time office workers at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a critical need for effective workplace physical activity interventions. MapTrek is a mobile health platform that gamifies Fitbit use for the purpose of promoting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of MapTrek for increasing daily steps and moderate‐intensity steps over 10 weeks in a sample of sedentary office workers. Methods and Results Participants included 146 full‐time sedentary office workers aged 21 to 65 who reported sitting at least 75% of their workday. Each participant received a Fitbit Zip to wear daily throughout the intervention. Participants were randomized to either a: (1) Fitbit‐only group or 2) Fitbit + MapTrek group. Physical activity outcomes and intervention compliance were measured with the Fitbit activity monitor. The Fitbit + MapTrek group significantly increased daily steps (+2092 steps per day) and active minutes (+11.2 min/day) compared to the Fitbit‐only arm, but, on average, participants’ steps declined during the study period. Conclusions MapTrek is an effective approach for increasing physical activity at a clinically meaningful level in sedentary office workers, but as with accelerometer use alone, the effect decreases over time. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03109535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allene L Gremaud
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Lucas J Carr
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jacob E Simmering
- Signal Center for Health Innovation, University of Iowa Health Ventures, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nicholas J Evans
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - James F Cremer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Alberto M Segre
- Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Linnea A Polgreen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Philip M Polgreen
- Signal Center for Health Innovation, University of Iowa Health Ventures, Iowa City, IA.,Department of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Rise of the Machines: A Critical Review on the Behavioural Effects of Automating Traditional Gambling Games. J Gambl Stud 2018; 33:735-767. [PMID: 27704237 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Automated gambling products are now a common feature on many casino floors. Despite their increasing prevalence, little research has considered the impact of converting games traditionally free from technological enhancements to automated versions. This review seeks to illustrate how automation is likely to change the way people engage and experience traditional games based around five prominent modifications: visual and auditory enhancements; illusions of control; cognitive complexity; expedited play; and social customisation. Otherwise known as the "VICES" framework. The inclusion of rich graphics, event-dependent sound and game-play information such as statistics, history, betting options and strategic betting are likely to prolong and entice gambling while encouraging more intense betting. Changes to the social environment due to the asocial nature of automated products is also likely to significantly change the gambling experience. Given the increasing prevalence of these products in the marketplace, it is important to consider the implications of converting traditional products to automated form as technological enhancements have the potential to allow for faster, more intense betting. More research is needed to determine the full impact of automation on player behaviours in order to understand the potential risks associated with technological enhancements to traditional games.
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Lemoine JE, Roland-Lévy C. The effect of the presence of an audience on risk-taking while gambling: the social shield. SOCIAL INFLUENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2017.1373697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy E. Lemoine
- ESCP Europe Business School, London, UK
- C2S, Laboratory of Psychology: ‘Cognition, Health, Socialization’ EA 6291, Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christine Roland-Lévy
- C2S, Laboratory of Psychology: ‘Cognition, Health, Socialization’ EA 6291, Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Mouneyrac A, Le Floch V, Lemercier C, Py J, Roumegue M. Promoting responsible gambling via prevention messages: insights from the evaluation of actual European messages. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1350198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Mouneyrac
- Department of Psychology, CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Le Floch
- Department of Psychology, CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Lemercier
- Department of Psychology, CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Py
- Department of Psychology, CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Roumegue
- Department of Psychology, CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Venuleo C, Salvatore S, Mossi P. The Role of Cultural Factors in Differentiating Pathological Gamblers. J Gambl Stud 2014; 31:1353-76. [PMID: 24970696 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-014-9476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is recognised that cultural factors play a role in the onset and continuation of several mental health problems. However, there is a significant lack of empirical studies investigating the relationships between cultural factors and gambling behavior. This study assessed whether the subjective cultures through which subjects interpret and enact their experience of the social environment play a major role in increasing (or decreasing) the probability of pathological gambling. Participants, recruited in three different contexts (public health services for the treatment of addiction, casino, undergraduate course) were subjected to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) (Lesieur and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144(9):1184-1188, 1987), in order to identify a group of pathological gamblers-and with the Questionnaire on the Interpretation of the Social Environment (QUISE) (Mossi and Salvatore in Eur J Educ Psychol 4(2):153-169, 2011)-in order to detect their subjective cultures. The study compares pathological group (scoring >5 on SOGS, n = 34) and a healthy control group (scoring <1 on SOGS, n = 35). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups on QUISE scores of subjective culture. Moreover, a logistic regression was applied in order to esteem the capability of the QUISE scores to differentiate between pathological gamblers and control. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that pathological group expresses different subjective cultures compared with no gambler subjects. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Venuleo
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Via Stampacchia, 45, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sergio Salvatore
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Via Stampacchia, 45, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Mossi
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Via Stampacchia, 45, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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