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Vacca M, Spanetta M, Ballesio A, Fernandes M, Placidi F, Izzi F, Lombardo C, Mercuri NB, Laganà G, Liguori C. The Sleepiness-Depression Link in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Preliminary Results on the Mediation of Impulsivity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6467. [PMID: 37892605 PMCID: PMC10607807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional impulsivity has been found to be relevant in explaining the association between sleep problems and depressive symptoms, suggesting the potential role of impulsivity as a key underlying mechanism of this link. The objective of this study was to take a preliminary step in understanding the mediating role of impulsivity in the relation between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to compare psychological and demographic characteristics between different levels of daytime sleepiness. METHODS A total of 138 patients with OSAS underwent polygraphic cardiorespiratory monitoring and completed a series of questionnaires investigating perceived sleepiness, depression, impulsivity, and other psychological characteristics. A mediational model was tested in order to assess whether impulsivity mediated the relation between sleepiness and depressive symptoms while controlling for the effects of age, sex, BMI, and oxygen saturation parameters. RESULTS the mediation model showed that there was a significant indirect effect of impulsivity in the sleepiness-depression link (αβ = 0.084 [0.0243-0.1617]). CONCLUSIONS The here-presented results showed that the sleepiness-depression link is not direct as previous studies asserted, but instead it may be better explained by impulsivity. Research and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacarolina Vacca
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (C.L.)
| | | | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Izzi
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (A.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (F.P.); (N.B.M.)
- Sleep Medicine Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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2
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Chen J, Gong X, Wang L, Xu M, Zhong X, Peng Z, Song T, Xu L, Lian J, Shao Y, Weng X. Altered Postcentral Connectivity after Sleep Deprivation Correlates to Impaired Risk Perception: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030514. [PMID: 36979324 PMCID: PMC10046171 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies revealed that sleep deprivation (SD) impairs risk perception and leads to poor decision-making efficiency. However, how risk perception is related to brain regions' communication after SD has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the neuropsychological mechanisms of SD-impaired risk perception. METHODS Nineteen healthy male adults were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging during a state of rested wakefulness and after nearly 36 h of total SD. They then completed the balloon analog risk task, which was used to measure the risk perception ability of risky decision-making. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and voxel-wise functional connectivity were used to investigate neurobiological changes caused by SD. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between changes in ReHo, function, and risk perception. RESULTS At the behavioral level, risk perception decreased after 36 h of SD. At the neural level, SD induced a significant increase in ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus and was positively correlated with risk perception changes. The functional connectivity between the right postcentral gyrus, left medial temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus was enhanced. Critically, increased right postcentral gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus connectivity positively correlated with changes in risk perception. CONCLUSIONS SD impairs the risk perception associated with altered postcentral connectivity. The brain requires more energy to process and integrate sensory and perceptual information after SD, which may be one possible reason for decreased risk perception ability after SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinxin Gong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Letong Wang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi Peng
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Song
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Lian
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiechuan Weng
- Department of Neuroscience, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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3
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Zhang Z, Tian Y, Liu Y. Intertemporal Decision-making and Risk Decision-making Among Habitual Nappers Under Nap Sleep Restriction: A Study from ERP and Time-frequency. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:390-408. [PMID: 36881273 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep restriction affects people's decision-making behavior. Nap restriction is a vital subtopic within sleep restriction research. In this study, we used EEG to investigate the impact of nap sleep restriction on intertemporal decision-making (Study 1) and decision-making across risky outcomes (Study 2) from ERP and time-frequency perspectives. Study 1 found that habitual nappers restricting their naps felt more inclined to choose immediate, small rewards over delayed, large rewards in an intertemporal decision-making task. P200s, P300s, and LPP in our nap-restriction group were significantly higher than those in the normal nap group. Time-frequency results showed that the delta band (1 ~ 4 Hz) power of the restricted nap group was significantly higher than that of the normal nap group. In Study 2, the nap-restriction group was more likely to choose risky options. P200s, N2s, and P300s in the nap deprivation group were significantly higher than in the normal nap group. Time-frequency results also found that the beta band (11 ~ 15 Hz) power of the restricted nap group was significantly lower than that of the normal nap group. The habitual nappers became more impulsive after nap restriction and evinced altered perceptions of time. The time cost of the LL (larger-later) option was perceived to be too high when making intertemporal decisions, and their expectation of reward heightened when making risky decisions-believing that they had a higher probability of receiving a reward. This study provided electrophysiological evidence for the dynamic processing of intertemporal decision-making, risky decision-making, and the characteristics of nerve concussions for habitual nappers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Zhang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.,College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuqing Tian
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China.
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4
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Qianlan Y, Tianya H, Wei L, Jia G, Chunyan N, Wei Z, Bin L, Huifen L, Wei D, Guanghui D, Yan J. The psychological outcomes of COVID-19 affected the pandemic-after risk perceptions of nurse clinicians: a latent profile analysis. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:123-132. [PMID: 36606238 PMCID: PMC8943222 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risk perception among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic is a crucial factor affecting their attitudes and willingness to work in clinics. Those with poor psychological status could perceive risks sensitively as fears or threats that are discouraging. This article aimed to determine whether psychological outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and insomnia, following the COVID-19 pandemic were differentially related to the risk perceptions of nurses working in clinics and increased perceived risk. Method The participants were 668 nurse clinicians from five local hospitals. Risk perceptions and psychological outcomes were measured by adapted questionnaires via the Internet. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified subgroups of individuals who showed similar profiles regarding the perceived risks in nursing. Multinomial regression and probit regression were used to examine the extent to which sociodemographic and psychological outcomes predicted class membership. Results LPA revealed four classes: groups with low-, mild-, moderate-, and high-level risk perceptions. Membership of the high-level risk perception class was predicted by the severity of psychological outcomes. Anxiety significantly accounted for a moderate increase in risk perceptions, while the symptoms of insomnia, depression, and PTSD accelerated the increase to the high level of risk perception class. Conclusions By classifying groups of nurse clinicians sharing similar profiles regarding risk perceptions and then exploring associated predictors, this study shows the psychological outcomes after COVID-19 significantly impacted pandemic-associated risk perceptions and suggests intervening in nurses' psychological outcomes while simultaneously focusing on work-related worries is important following the outbreak of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qianlan
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou Tianya
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gao Jia
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Ni Chunyan
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lian Bin
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Huifen
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Guanghui
- Department of Naval Aviation & Operational Psychology, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Thorne HB, Rockloff MJ, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Browne M. Gambling Problems Are Associated with Alcohol Misuse and Insomnia: Results from a Representative National Telephone Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136683. [PMID: 34206276 PMCID: PMC8296877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gambling has significant costs to the community, with a health burden similar in scale to major depression. To reduce its impact, it is necessary to understand factors that may exacerbate harm from gambling. The gambling environment of late-night licensed venues and 24/7 online gambling has the potential to negatively impact sleep and increase alcohol consumption. This study explored gambling, alcohol, and sleep problems to understand whether there is a relationship between these three factors. Telephone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of Australian adults (n = 3760) combined across three waves of the National Social Survey. Participants completed screening measures for at-risk gambling, at-risk alcohol consumption, insomnia (2015 wave only), and sleep quality. There were small but significant positive correlations between problem gambling and alcohol misuse, problem gambling and insomnia, and problem gambling and poor sleep quality. A regression model showed that gambling problems and alcohol misuse were significant independent predictors of insomnia. A separate regression showed gambling problems (and not alcohol misuse) were a significant predictor of poor sleep quality, but only in one survey wave. Findings suggest that gambling, alcohol, and sleep problems are related within persons. Further research should examine the mechanisms through which this relationship exists.
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6
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Massar SAA. Sleep loss and risk-taking: new findings in a field that needs more clarity. Sleep 2021; 44:6205721. [PMID: 33835162 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A A Massar
- Sleep and Cognition Laboratory, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Li M, Mai Z, Yang J, Zhang B, Ma N. Ideal Time of Day for Risky Decision Making: Evidence from the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:477-486. [PMID: 32765144 PMCID: PMC7381795 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s260321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals showed higher risk preference in the afternoon than in the morning. However, few studies aimed to explore the alteration of feedback learning effect during risky decision making, which is one of the important psychological processes of real risk behaviors. Moreover, cognitive function altered at the off-peak time due to impaired inhibitory control. The present study is to investigate the time-of-day effect on risky decision making and inhibitory control and whether the alteration of inhibitory control causes the differences in risky decision making across one day. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We adopted a within-participants design without extremely chronotype individuals to measure the time-of-day (9 am vs 3 pm) effect on risky decision making by using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. At the same time, we measured the inhibitory control by using the Go/no-go task. RESULTS Our results confirmed that individuals showed higher risk preference in the afternoon than in the morning. In addition, we found that individuals were insensitive to loss and the previous negative feedback in the afternoon. Critically, the results did not reveal any significant correlation between risky decision making and inhibitory control under the regulation of the time-of-day effects, although individuals performed worse on inhibitory control in the afternoon. CONCLUSION The current findings revealed that the time-of-day effect regulated risky decision making and inhibitory control. Individuals act with higher risk preference, less sensitivity to loss as negative feedback, and lower inhibitory control in the afternoon than in the morning. This may reflect the effects of time-of-day on risk propensity and inhibitory control is relatively independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Sleep Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Mai
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Sleep Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Sleep Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Sleep Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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8
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Rusnac N, Spitzenstetter F, Tassi P. Chronic sleep loss and risk-taking behavior: Does the origin of sleep loss matter? Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17:729-739. [PMID: 29923749 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1483368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many adolescents and young adults get insufficient sleep. A link between sleep loss and risk-taking behavior has been consistently found in the literature, but surprisingly, the role played by the origin of sleep loss in this link has never been investigated. Sleep loss can be voluntary (instead of sleeping, a significant amount of time is devoted to other activities) or involuntary (caused by a sleep disorder, for example, insomnia). The aim of this research was to investigate whether both types of sleep loss are associated to the same extent with risky behavior. Participants: Five hundred thirty-six university students between 19 and 25 years old participated in this study. Three groups were selected: participants with voluntary sleep loss, participants with insomnia, and normal sleepers. Methods: We assessed risk-taking behavior in virtual driving situations, as well as drinking habits in terms of quantity and frequency. To further explore the differences between the groups, we also measured sensation seeking, a personality trait related to risk-taking behavior. Results: Compared to participants with insomnia and normal sleepers, participants with voluntary sleep loss take more risks in dangerous driving situations, drink more alcohol, and have higher disinhibition scores on the Sensation-Seeking Scale. On the other hand, no such differences were found between participants with insomnia and normal sleepers, suggesting that sleep loss is not always associated with risk taking. Conclusions: Whether sleep loss is associated with risk-taking behavior or not could depend on the origin of sleep loss and the underlying personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rusnac
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Patricia Tassi
- Department of Psychology, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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9
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Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8554. [PMID: 31189964 PMCID: PMC6561965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that sleep deprivation affects risky decision making. However, most of these are confounded by feedback given after each decision, indicating that decisions may be based on suboptimal feedback-learning rather than risk evaluation. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effect of sleep loss on aspects of prospect theory, specifically the framing effect and probability distortion. In this within-subjects design, 25 people had (i) two nights of an 8 h sleep opportunity, and (ii) two nights of a 4 h sleep opportunity, in a counter-balanced order. Following the two nights, they performed a gambling task with no immediate feedback; for each round, they could either gamble for a full amount, or take a settlement framed as a gain or a loss for part of the amount. Sleep restriction did not significantly affect the tendency to gamble, the framing effect, or probability distortion, as compared to normal sleep. These results indicate that two nights of sleep restriction affects neither general gambling tendency, nor two of the main predictions of prospect theory. This resilience may be due to a less extreme sleep loss than in previous studies, but also indicates that learning components and risk biases should be separated when assessing the effect of sleep loss on risky behaviour.
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10
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Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Sleepiness and impulsivity: Findings in non-treatment seeking young adults. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:737-742. [PMID: 30203693 PMCID: PMC6426387 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although inadequate sleep has been linked to problematic behaviors, such as poor impulse control and emotion dysregulation, little research interest has been the role of sleep and sleep deprivation on impulsive behaviors in young adults. To further examine the relationship of sleepiness to impulsivity and impulsive behaviors, this study was designed to collect data on sleepiness, and a range of impulse control disorders and cognitive measures. METHODS Young non-treatment-seeking adults were recruited from two US cities and completed a screening form for sleepiness, along with demographic, clinical, and cognitive measures relevant to impulsivity. Relationships between these explanatory variables and total sleepiness scores were analyzed using partial least squares. Significant explanatory variables were identified (p < .05, bootstrap). RESULTS Higher levels of sleepiness were significantly associated with higher ADHD symptoms, gambling disorder symptoms, Internet addiction symptoms, and personality-related impulsiveness. Sleepiness was also associated with set-shifting errors, and with gambling more points (abnormal decision-making), but not with significant impairment in response to inhibition, or other aspects of decision-making. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a cross-sectional relationship between sleepiness and a range of impulsive measures at the level of behavior (ADHD, gambling, and Internet addiction) and personality traits. Longitudinal research would be required to explore causal mechanisms and the direction of any such effects. Screening for such mental health diagnoses in people with sleep problems may be valuable, as enquiring patients with such impulsive symptoms about sleep, in order to maximize quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Frings D, Albery IP, Rolph K, Leczfalvy A, Smaczny S, Moss AC. Dyads experience over confidence in hand-eye coordination skills after placebo alcohol. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frings
- Division of Psychology; London South Bank University
| | - Ian P. Albery
- Division of Psychology; London South Bank University
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12
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Pereira D, Bucher S, Elfering A. Daily impaired detachment and short-term effects of impaired sleep quality on next-day commuting near-accidents - an ambulatory diary study. ERGONOMICS 2016; 59:1121-1131. [PMID: 27049337 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the short-term effects of daily recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment from work and various actigraphical indicators of sleep quality, on near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Furthermore, the mediating effect of actigraphically assessed sleep quality on the relationship between impaired psychological detachment from work and near-accidents when commuting to work was analysed. Fifty-six full-time employees of a Swiss assurance company participated in the one-week study. Multilevel analyses revealed that impaired detachment was highly related to a decrease in sleep duration. Furthermore, impaired daily recovery processes, such as impaired psychological detachment from work and disturbed sleep quality, were related to commuting near-accidents. Impaired sleep quality mediated the effect of impaired psychological detachment from work on these near-accidents. Our results show that occupational safety interventions should address both impaired psychological detachment from work and sleep quality in order to prevent near accidents when commuting to work. Practitioner Summary: Commuting accidents occur frequently and have detrimental effects on employees, organisations and society. This study shows that daily lack of recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment and impaired sleep quality, is related to near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Primary prevention of commuting accidents should therefore address daily lack of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pereira
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Sarah Bucher
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Achim Elfering
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
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13
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Frings D. The effects of low levels of fatigue on face recognition among individuals and team members. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Frings D, Parkin J, Ridley AM. The effects of cycle lanes, vehicle to kerb distance and vehicle type on cyclists' attention allocation during junction negotiation. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2014; 72:411-421. [PMID: 25146495 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased frequency of cycle journeys has led to an escalation in collisions between cyclists and vehicles, particularly at shared junctions. Risks associated with passing decisions have been shown to influence cyclists' behavioural intentions. The current study extended this research by linking not only risk perception but also attention allocation (via tracking the eye movements of twenty cyclists viewing junction approaches presented on video) to behavioural intentions. These constructs were measured in a variety of contexts: junctions featuring cycle lanes, large vs. small vehicles and differing kerb to vehicle distances). Overall, cyclists devoted the majority of their attention to the nearside (side closest to kerb) of vehicles, and perceived near and offside (side furthest from kerb) passing as most risky. Waiting behind was the most frequent behavioural intention, followed by nearside and then offside passing. While cycle lane presence did not affect behaviour, it did lead to nearside passing being perceived as less risky, and to less attention being devoted to the offside. Large vehicles led to increased risk perceived with passing, and more attention directed towards the rear of vehicles, with reduced offside passing and increased intentions to remain behind the vehicle. Whether the vehicle was large or small, nearside passing was preferred around 30% of the time. Wide kerb distances increased nearside passing intentions and lower associated perceptions of risk. Additionally, relationships between attention and both risk evaluations and behaviours were observed. These results are discussed in relation to the cyclists' situational awareness and biases that various contextual factors can introduce. From these, recommendations for road safety and training are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Parkin
- London South Bank University, United Kingdom
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HARVANKO ARITM, DERBYSHIRE KATHERINEL, SCHREIBER RLIANA, GRANT JONE. Sleepiness and cognition in young adults who gamble and use alcohol. J Behav Addict 2014; 3:166-72. [PMID: 25317340 PMCID: PMC4189310 DOI: 10.1556/jba.3.2014.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Past research suggests that sleep problems are associated with increased risky decision-making. Similarly, gambling disorder and alcohol use disorder are also associated with increased risky decision-making. Individuals with gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder have also reported higher rates of sleep problems compared to normal healthy controls. As such, we sought to examine whether sleep problems play a role in the development of alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder. METHODS One hundred and forty-one individuals who gamble and use alcohol, yet do not meet criteria for gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder, were assessed to determine the correlation between sleepiness, amount of sleep obtained, decision-making, and alcohol or gambling behaviors. RESULTS Our results suggest that inconsistent sleep patterns may be associated with increased frequency of alcohol use and gambling. We did not, however, find a significant correlation between sleep factors and decision-making. DISCUSSION Further research is needed to examine the specific relationship between sleep patterns and alcohol use and gambling frequency. Overall these data suggest that sleepiness or sleep and risky decision-making is not a significant factor in gambling and alcohol use behaviors in individuals not meeting criteria for alcohol use disorder or gambling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- ARIT M. HARVANKO
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - KATHERINE L. DERBYSHIRE
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R.N. LIANA SCHREIBER
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - JON E. GRANT
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding senior author: John E. Grant, JD, MD, MPH; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC-3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Phone: +1-773-834-1325; Fax: +1-773-834-6761; E-mail:
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Fraser M, Conduit R, Phillips JG. Effects of sleep deprivation on decisional support utilisation. ERGONOMICS 2013; 56:235-245. [PMID: 23419086 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2012.760754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To inform development of decisional support systems for the sleep deprived, this study examined the effect of sleep debt, time pressure and risk on the ability to use a decision aid. A total of 19 participants were tested when well rested and sleep deprived. Participants played computerised forms of Blackjack, which varied a 1- or 4-second response deadline, at two levels of risk, and could be supplied with online advice. Mean bets served as indications of confidence. Although confidence was less when play was fast or higher risk participants did not bet significantly less when sleep deprived, suggesting an impaired calibration of judgement that was supported by evidence of rallying. This failure to adjust confidence was accompanied by slower responses at low risk when sleep deprived. Sleep-deprived participants were less able to use decisional support under time pressure and made more errors without advice and time pressure. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY Decisional support is becoming more pervasive. To inform development of decisional support systems to assist the sleep deprived, an experiment considered the use of decisional support as a function of time pressure and risk. Advisory systems require processing and will be less efficacious under time pressure when sleep deprived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Fraser
- Department of Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
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