1
|
Peixoto-Pino L, Barcala-Furelos R, Paz-García B, Varela-Casal C, Lorenzo-Martínez M, Gómez-Silva A, Rico-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Núñez A. The "DrownSafe" Project: Assessing the Feasibility of a Puppet Show in Teaching Drowning Prevention to Children and Parents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:19. [PMID: 38255332 PMCID: PMC10814459 DOI: 10.3390/children11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Drowning remains a prominent global pediatric health concern, necessitating preventive measures such as educational initiatives for children and caregivers. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility and educational effectiveness of an interactive puppet show centered on teaching water safety to children and parents. A 30 min original theater performance, featuring two actors and three puppets (a girl, a crab, and a lifeguard), was conducted. Subsequently, 185 children (aged 4 to 8) and their 160 parents (134 mothers and 26 fathers) participated in this quasi-experimental study. Pre- and post-show tests were administered to evaluate knowledge and behaviors regarding aquatic environments. Prior to the puppet show, 78% of the children exhibited basic aquatic competency. Only 33% considered swimming alone risky. Following the intervention, 81.6% of the children changed their perception of the risks of solo beach activities, showing improved knowledge regarding contacting an emergency number (from 63.2% to 98.9%, p < 0.001). The intervention increased parents' intention to visit lifeguard-patrolled beaches and improved their CPR knowledge with regard to drowning victims by 58.8%. In conclusion, a drowning prevention puppet show positively impacted children and parents, potentially enhancing safety behaviors during water-related leisure activities, warranting its consideration part of comprehensive drowning prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Peixoto-Pino
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (L.P.-P.); (J.R.-D.)
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Begoña Paz-García
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Cristina Varela-Casal
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Miguel Lorenzo-Martínez
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Adrián Gómez-Silva
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Javier Rico-Díaz
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (L.P.-P.); (J.R.-D.)
- ESCULCA Knowledge and Educational Action Research Group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain;
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain
- Paediatric Critical, Intermediate and Palliative Care Section, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain
- Collaborative Research Network Orientated to Health Results (RICORS): Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leavy JE, Gray C, Della Bona M, D'Orazio N, Crawford G. A Review of Interventions for Drowning Prevention Among Adults. J Community Health 2023; 48:539-556. [PMID: 36653593 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adult drowning is a complex and multifactorial public health challenge requiring community, national and global efforts to mitigate impacts. This study updates the evidence base for public health interventions that address adult fatal and non-fatal drowning. A systematic review was undertaken of the peer-reviewed literature for English-language primary studies published between 2011 and 2021describing a drowning intervention with adults. Twenty-two studies were included. Most studies (n = 16) were conducted in high-income countries. Yearly trends in drowning prevention intervention publications were analysed with 2015 (n = 6) the peak publishing year. Over half of the study designs were pre-post (n = 15). Intervention duration ranged from 4 hours to 11 years. Ten studies described either behaviour change theory or formative evaluation to inform design. Thirteen studies targeted interventions at a population level, seven at a group level and two at individual level. Studies identified a range of prevention strategies, categorised as behavioural (n = 9) (e.g., swimming lessons), socio-ecological (n = 8) (e.g., mandatory personal flotation devices) and mixed (n = 5) (e.g., awareness campaign and barriers to prevent access to water). A range of outcomes were described including changes in awareness, water safety knowledge, attitudes, water safety behaviours and skills, environmental, policy and regulation changes and drowning rates. Findings indicate a small but important increase in the evaluation and publication of effective interventions to prevent adult drowning. The complexity of the issues surrounding drowning requires multi-strategy and context -specific adult focused prevention interventions. Contemporary evidence that identifies effective interventions that contribute to prevention efforts is an essential first step in addressing the challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Malena Della Bona
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola D'Orazio
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Velasco B, Galanis DJ, Bronstein AC, Downs M. Public rescue tube deployment in Hawaii: protective association with rescuer drownings. Inj Prev 2022; 28:330-334. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2021-044467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo describe the association between public rescue tube (PRT) flotation devices and fatal rescuer drownings in Kauai, Hawaii.MethodsWe reviewed Hawaii death certificate data from 1993 to 2017, sometimes supplemented with autopsy and emergency medical service reports, to identify fatal rescuer drownings. Incidents were analysed in relation to the initial 2008 deployment of PRT.ResultsOver the 25-year period, only 13% (228) of the 1750 identified drownings occurred in Kauai, but nearly half (46%, or 13) of the 28 rescuer deaths occurred there. However, only 1 of the 13 rescuer deaths in Kauai occurred after the 2008 deployment of PRT. The state-wide proportion of rescuer deaths in Kauai decreased significantly from 60% (12 of 20) from 1993 to 2007 to 13% (1 of 8) from 2008 to 2017. There were no apparent changes in the proportions of rescuer drownings in the other three counties of the state, where PRTs were essentially non-existent.ConclusionDespite valid concerns, we found no fatal rescuer drownings related to PRT use after their 2008 introduction in the county of Kauai. Instead, we observed a reduction in the number of rescuer drownings, and in their proportion of total drownings in association with the deployment of PRT. The findings of this study have the potential to directly impact ocean and other open water environment-related fatal drowning prevention policy and practice.
Collapse
|
4
|
Barcala-Furelos R, Graham D, Abelairas-Gómez C, Rodríguez-Núñez A. Lay-rescuers in drowning incidents: A scoping review. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 44:38-44. [PMID: 33578330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many victims of drowning fatalities are lay-people attempting to rescue another. This review aims to identify the safest techniques and equipment (improved or purpose made) for an untrained bystander to use when attempting a water rescue. METHOD A sample of 249 papers were included after the bibliographic search, in which 19 were finally selected following PRISMA methodology and 3 peer review proceeding presented at international conferences. A total of 22 documents were added to qualitative synthesis. RESULTS Geographical location, economic level, physical fitness, or experience may vary the profile of the lay-rescuers and how to safely perform a water rescue. Four lay-rescuers profiles were identified: 1) Children rescuing children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 2) Adults rescuing adults or children, 3) Lay-people with some experience and rescue training, 4) Lay-people with cultural or professional motivations. Three types of techniques used by those lay-rescuers profiles: a) non-contact techniques for rescues from land: throw and reach, b) non-contact techniques for rescue using a flotation device and, c) contact techniques for rescue into the water: swim and tow with or without fins. CONCLUSION The expert recommendation of the safest technique for a lay-rescuer is to attempt rescue using a pole, rope, or flotation equipment without entering the water. However, despite the recommendations of non-contact rescues from land, there is a global tendency to attempt contact rescues in the water, despite a lack of evidence on which technique, procedure or equipment contributes to a safer rescue. Training strategies for lay-people should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS research group, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Santiago de Compostela's Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; IDRA, International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, ID, USA.
| | - Daniel Graham
- IDRA, International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, ID, USA; Nile Swimmers NGO, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Santiago de Compostela's Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; IDRA, International Drowning Researchers' Alliance, Kuna, ID, USA; Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Santiago de Compostela's Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela-CHUS, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calverley HLM, Petrass LA, Blitvich JD. Alcohol consumption in aquatic settings: a mixed-method study exploring young adults’ attitudes and knowledge. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2020.1832962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren. A. Petrass
- School of Education, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Jennifer. D. Blitvich
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| |
Collapse
|