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Arya S, Mozessohn L, Gong I, Faught N, Liu N, Singh S, Chan K, Cheung MC. The impact of marginalization on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma overall survival: a retrospective cohort study. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38265355 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2306463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the impact of marginalization on DLBCL overall survival (OS) within the Canadian setting. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of adult patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL in Ontario between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2017 receiving a rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen with curative intent followed until 1 March 2020. Our primary exposure of interest was the Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg). The primary outcome was 2-year OS, accounting for patient age, sex, cancer characteristics, comorbidity burden, and rural dwelling status. While two-year overall survival was inferior for individuals in the most deprived marginalization quintile (70.4% Q5 vs. 76.0% Q1), after adjustment for relevant covariates neither the composite ON-Marg nor any of its dimensions had a significant effect. Within the Canadian context, among patients who receive chemotherapy, marginalization may not have a significant association with overall survival when accounting for key patient covariates, lending support for preserved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Arya
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee Mozessohn
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inna Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Simron Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew C Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Miao Q, Dunn S, Wen SW, Lougheed J, Yang P, Davies M, Venegas CL, Walker M. Association between maternal marginalization and infants born with congenital heart disease in Ontario Canada. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:790. [PMID: 37118769 PMCID: PMC10142402 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) since previous studies have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study, including all singleton live and still births in Ontario hospitals from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2018. We used linked records from the Better Outcomes Registry & Network Information System, the Canadian Institute for Health Information databases, and the Ontario Marginalization Index (ON_Marg). ON_Marg was estimated at a dissemination area level using Canadian Census 2016 data and categorized into quintiles. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the relationships between four ON_Marg indices (material deprivation, dependency, ethnic concentration, residential instability), as proxies for maternal SES and the risk of infant CHD. We adjusted for maternal age at birth, assisted reproductive technology, obesity, pre-existing health conditions, substance use during pregnancy, mental health conditions before and during pregnancy, rural residence, and infant's sex in the analysis. RESULTS Among the cohort of 776,799 singletons, 9,359 infants had a diagnosis of CHD. Of those, 3,069 were severe CHD and 493 cases were single ventricle CHD. The prevalence of all infant CHD types was higher for males relative to females. Compared to mothers living in neighbourhoods with the lowest material deprivation, mothers with highest material deprivation had a 27% (adjusted OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.18-1.37) higher odds of having an infant diagnosed with CHD. Mothers living in neighbourhoods with the highest minority ethnic and immigrant concentration tend to have infants with 11% lower odds of CHD (adjusted OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82-0.97) as compared to those living in the least ethnically diverse communities. Maternal dependency and residential stability quintiles were not significantly associated with the risk of CHD. CONCLUSION Higher maternal material deprivation was associated with increasing odds of infant CHD, whereas neighbourhood minority ethnic concentration was inversely associated with the odds of infant CHD. Our study further confirms that poverty is associated with CHD development. Future investigations might focus on the causal pathways between social deprivation, immigrant status, ethnicity, and the risk of infant CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Miao
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Sandra Dunn
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Lougheed
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Phoebe Yang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Davies
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, the Robinson Research Institute at the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Carolina Lavin Venegas
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- International and Global Health Office, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, The Ottawa Hospital, Gynecology & Newborn Care, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Singh SS, Stranges S, Wilk P, Tang ASL, Frisbee SJ. Influence of the Social Environment on Ideal Cardiovascular Health. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026790. [PMID: 36789849 PMCID: PMC10111502 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The environment plays a large role in the health of individuals; however, more research is needed to better understand aspects of the environment that most influence health. Specifically, our study examines how the social environment influences cardiovascular health (CVH). Methods and Results The social environment was characterized using measures of belonging and life and work stress in individuals, as well as nationally derived measures of marginalization, deprivation, economic status, and community well-being in neighborhoods. CVH was defined by the American Heart Association's Cardiovascular Health Index-a summed score of 7 clinical and behavioral components known to have the greatest impact on CVH. Data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 to 2016 and multiple national data sources. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze the associations between CVH and the social environment. Overall, 27% of Canadians reported ideal CVH (6-7 score points), 68% reported intermediate CVH (3-5 score points), and 5% reported poor CVH (0-2 score points). The neighborhood environment contributed up to 7% of the differences in CVH between individuals. Findings indicated that residing in a neighborhood with greater community well-being (odds ratio [OR], 1.33 [95% CI, 1.26-1.41]) was associated with achieving higher odds of ideal CVH, while weaker community belonging (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.62-0.72]) and residing in a neighborhood with greater marginalization (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.82-0.91]) and deprivation (OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.64-0.69]) were associated with achieving lower odds of ideal CVH. Conclusions Aspects of individual-level social environment and residing in a neighborhood with a more favorable social environment were both independently and significantly associated with achieving ideal CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Department of Precision Medicine Luxembourg Institute of Health Strassen Luxembourg
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony S L Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephanie J Frisbee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute London Ontario Canada
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Access to primary care physicians, race/ethnicity, and premature mortality: Analysis of 154,516 deaths in Washington State, United States. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Amiri S, Stanley SL, Denney JT, Buchwald D. Disparities in years of potential life lost among racial and ethnic groups in Washington state. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:211. [PMID: 36131350 PMCID: PMC9491249 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disproportionate mortality burden racial and ethnic groups endure compared to their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts is a widely known public health issue in the United States. Methods We examined disparities in premature mortality through a measure of years of potential life lost (YPLL) among racial and ethnic groups after accounting for individual and place-based risk factors. Data were nearly 400,000 geocoded death records from Washington state mortality records from 2011 to 2018. Decedent records included information on marital status and educational attainment at time of death. We linked these records to census tract indicators of rurality and area deprivation based on residential longitude and latitude coordinates at time of death. We conducted censored Poisson regression to test adjusted associations between racial and ethnic identity and YPLL. Results Relative to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Asian or other Pacific Islanders, multiracial, and Hispanic decedents had significantly higher rates of YPLL. Controlling for sociodemographic factors reduced but did not eliminate the disparities in YPLL between non-Hispanic whites and other racial and ethnic groups. Controlling for place-based risk factors did not further attenuate differences. Conclusions Racial and ethnic minorities suffer disproportionately from premature mortality. Researchers and policy makers must recognize the disproportionate risks to premature mortality and work together to alleviate them through the delivery of better and more accessible targeted services.
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Amiri S, Pham CD, Castonguay S, Denney JT, Buchwald DS. Deaths associated with opioids, race and ethnicity, and years of potential life lost in Washington State. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 139:108789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shahidi FV, Parnia A, Siddiqi A. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in premature and avoidable mortality in Canada, 1991-2016. CMAJ 2021; 192:E1114-E1128. [PMID: 32989024 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.191723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiologic findings suggest that socioeconomic inequalities in health may be widening over time. We examined trends in socioeconomic inequalities in premature and avoidable mortality in Canada. METHODS We conducted a population-based repeated cohort study using the 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts. We linked individual-level Census records for adults aged 25-74 years to register-based mortality data. We defined premature mortality as death before age 75 years. For each census cohort, we estimated age-standardized rates, risk differences and risk ratios for premature and avoidable mortality by level of household income and education. RESULTS We identified 16 284 045 Census records. Between 1991 and 2016, premature mortality rates declined in all socioeconomic groups except for women without a high school diploma. Absolute income-related inequalities narrowed among men (from 2478 to 1915 deaths per 100 000) and widened among women (from 1008 to 1085 deaths per 100 000). Absolute education-related inequalities widened among men and women. Relative socioeconomic inequalities in premature mortality widened progressively over the study period. For example, the relative risk of premature mortality associated with the lowest income quintile increased from 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02-2.17) to 2.79 (95% CI 2.66-2.91) among men and from 1.72 (95% CI 1.63- 1.81) to 2.50 (95% CI 2.36-2.64) among women. Similar overall trends were observed for avoidable mortality. INTERPRETATION Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups have not benefited equally from recent declines in premature and avoidable mortality in Canada. Efforts to reduce socioeconomic inequalities and associated patterns of disadvantage are necessary to prevent this pattern of widening health inequalities from persisting or worsening over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vahid Shahidi
- Institute for Work & Health (Shahidi); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Parnia, Siddiqi), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Gillings School of Public Health (Siddiqi), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Abtin Parnia
- Institute for Work & Health (Shahidi); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Parnia, Siddiqi), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Gillings School of Public Health (Siddiqi), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Arjumand Siddiqi
- Institute for Work & Health (Shahidi); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Parnia, Siddiqi), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Gillings School of Public Health (Siddiqi), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Boozary A, Laupacis A. The mirage of universality: Canada's failure to act on social policy and health care. CMAJ 2020; 192:E105-E106. [PMID: 32015078 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boozary
- Editor-in-Chief, CMAJ (Laupacis); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Boozary), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Health and Social Policy (Boozary), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Boozary), Boston, Mass
| | - Andreas Laupacis
- Editor-in-Chief, CMAJ (Laupacis); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Boozary), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Health and Social Policy (Boozary), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Boozary), Boston, Mass
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