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Sharma P, Tranby B, Kamath C, Brockman TA, Lenhart N, Quade B, Abuan N, Halom M, Staples J, Young C, Brewer L, Patten C. Beta Test of a Christian Faith-Based Facebook Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Rural Communities (FaithCore): Development and Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e58121. [PMID: 39186365 DOI: 10.2196/58121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals living in rural communities experience substantial geographic and infrastructure barriers to attaining health equity in accessing tobacco use cessation treatment. Social media and other digital platforms offer promising avenues to improve access and overcome engagement challenges in tobacco cessation efforts. Research has also shown a positive correlation between faith-based involvement and a lower likelihood of smoking, which can be used to engage rural communities in these interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and beta test a social intervention prototype using a Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc) group specifically designed for rural smokers seeking evidence-based smoking cessation resources. METHODS We designed a culturally aligned and faith-aligned Facebook group intervention, FaithCore, tailored to engage rural people who smoke in smoking cessation resources. Both intervention content and engagement strategies were guided by community-based participatory research principles. Given the intervention's focus on end users, that is, rural people who smoked, we conducted a beta test to assess any technical or usability issues of this intervention before any future trials for large-scale implementation. RESULTS No critical beta test technical and usability issues were noted. Besides, the FaithCore intervention was helpful, easy to understand, and achieved its intended goals. Notably, 90% (9/10) of the participants reported that they tried quitting smoking, while 90% (9/10) reported using or seeking cessation resources discussed within the group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that social media platform with culturally aligned and faith-aligned content and engagement strategies delivered by trained moderators are promising for smoking cessation interventions in rural communities. Our future step is to conduct a large pilot trial to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness on smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Brianna Tranby
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Celia Kamath
- Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tabetha A Brockman
- Rural Health Research Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ned Lenhart
- Living Water Church, Cameron, WI, United States
| | - Brian Quade
- Bethesda Lutheran Church, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Nate Abuan
- Valleybrook Church, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Martin Halom
- St. John's Lutheran Church (ELCA), Bloomer, WI, United States
| | | | - Colleen Young
- Mayo Clinic Connect, Health Education & Content Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - LaPrincess Brewer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christi Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Rural Health Research Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Baek K, Bell C, Montgomery SB, Ortiz L, Kumar A, Alemi Q. Community-Based Mental Health Challenges and Implications: Examining Factors Influencing Distress and Help-Seeking Behaviors among Korean American Church Leaders and Members in Greater Los Angeles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1094. [PMID: 39200703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
There is limited research on the factors that impact mental distress among Korean American (KA) church leaders even though their unique social situation can create many barriers to seeking mental health assistance. This study compared factors impacting mental distress and help-seeking behaviors between KA church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) in the greater Los Angeles area. The respondents (N = 243) were mostly female, married, educated, first-generation immigrants with a mean age of 47.9 years (SD = 19.7). The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 10 was used to measure anxiety and depression. Hierarchal linear regressions showed that health status exerted the strongest effect on both anxiety and depression among CLs and CMs. Beyond health status, education (only for depression), informal resource use, and resiliency impacted mental distress scores for CLs. Only resiliency and religious coping predicted depression scores among CMs. To effectively reach this population, community-based organizations and behavioral health specialists should consider collaborating with churches to promote and provide essential mental health support. Our findings also highlight that the needs of church leaders (CLs) and church members (CMs) differ, which should guide the development of culturally tailored interventions that build on the resilience of both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Baek
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Christi Bell
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Susanne B Montgomery
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Larry Ortiz
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Akinchita Kumar
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Qais Alemi
- 1898 Business Center Drive, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
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Sharma P, Tranby B, Kamath C, Brockman T, Roche A, Hammond C, Brewer LC, Sinicrope P, Lenhart N, Quade B, Abuan N, Halom M, Staples J, Patten C. A Christian Faith-Based Facebook Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Rural Communities (FAITH-CORE): Protocol for a Community Participatory Development Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e52398. [PMID: 38090799 PMCID: PMC10753420 DOI: 10.2196/52398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States, with significant rural-urban disparities. Adults who live in rural areas of the United States have among the highest tobacco smoking rates in the nation and experience a higher prevalence of smoking-related deaths and deaths due to chronic diseases for which smoking is a causal risk factor. Barriers to accessing tobacco use cessation treatments are a major contributing factor to these disparities. Adults living in rural areas experience difficulty accessing tobacco cessation services due to geographical challenges, lack of insurance coverage, and lack of health care providers who treat tobacco use disorders. The use of digital technology could be a practical answer to these barriers. OBJECTIVE This report describes a protocol for a study whose main objectives are to develop and beta test an innovative intervention that uses a private, moderated Facebook group platform to deliver peer support and faith-based cessation messaging to enhance the reach and uptake of existing evidence-based smoking cessation treatment (EBCT) resources (eg, state quitline coaching programs) for rural adults who smoke. METHODS We will use the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change, surface or deep structure frameworks to guide intervention development, and the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to identify and engage with community stakeholders. The initial content library of moderator postings (videos and text or image postings) will be developed using existing EBCT material from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tips from Former Smokers Campaign. The content library will feature topics related to quitting smoking, such as coping with cravings and withdrawal and using EBCTs with faith-based message integration (eg, Bible quotes). A community advisory board and a community engagement studio will provide feedback to refine the content library. We will also conduct a beta test of the intervention with 15 rural adults who smoke to assess the recruitment feasibility and preliminary intervention uptake such as engagement, ease of use, usefulness, and satisfaction to further refine the intervention based on participant feedback. RESULTS The result of this study will create an intervention prototype that will be used for a future randomized controlled trial. CONCLUSIONS Our CBPR project will create a prototype of a Facebook-delivered faith-based messaging and peer support intervention that may assist rural adults who smoke to use EBCT. This study is crucial in establishing a self-sufficient smoking cessation program for the rural community. The project is unique in using a moderated social media platform providing peer support and culturally relevant faith-based content to encourage adult people who smoke to seek treatment and quit smoking. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/52398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mayo Clinic, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Brianna Tranby
- Behavioral Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Celia Kamath
- Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tabetha Brockman
- Health Equity and Community Engagement in Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anne Roche
- Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | | | - Pamela Sinicrope
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ned Lenhart
- Living Water Church, Cameron, WI, United States
| | - Brian Quade
- Bethesda Lutheran Church, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Nate Abuan
- Valleybrook Church, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Martin Halom
- St John's Lutheran Church, Bloomer, WI, United States
| | | | - Christi Patten
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Cartwright K. Delivered from the Temptation of Smoking: An Examination of Religion and Health Behaviors of New US Immigrants. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:1739-1759. [PMID: 31154592 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to contribute to the literature on smoking, religion, and health, by analyzing the associations between smoking and health of a sample of US immigrants, who represent many religions, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds. Immigrants to the USA have better health outcomes than their native-born peers. This paper asserts that the pattern of smoking, influenced by immigrants' religion and religiosity, is key to understanding this phenomenon. This study investigates the relationship between religion and health of new legal immigrants to the USA by analyzing the New Immigrant Survey. The findings suggest that there is a protective relationship between immigrant religion and smoking patterns, both in likelihood of having ever smoked and in quitting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Cartwright
- School of Public Administration, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC05 3100, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Kim C. Religion, Religious Heterogeneity, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Korean Immigrant Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP2228-2247NP. [PMID: 29460673 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518757224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of religious affiliations and frequency of religious service attendance-such as church, Bible studies, and temples-as well as religious heterogeneity between couples on intimate partner violence (IPV) among Korean immigrant women in the United States. Through a case-control design, this study compared 64 Korean immigrant IPV victims with 63 Korean immigrant non-IPV victims. This study's findings reveal that for Korean immigrant women, a high frequency of religious service attendance was associated with higher IPV victimization, while their partners' high religious service attendance was associated with lower IPV victimization. When women's partners were religious compared with when they were not religious, they were less likely to perpetrate IPV even when the partners' alcohol consumption frequency increased. Also, when there was a gap between couples regarding frequency of religious attendance, IPV victimization increased. This discussion concludes by suggesting some policy implications based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrye Kim
- Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kim SS, Kim-Godwin YS. Cultural Context of Family Religiosity/Spirituality among Korean-American Elderly Families. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2019; 34:51-65. [PMID: 30666497 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-019-09363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural context of family religiosity/spirituality among Korean-American elderly families, and how this changed after families immigrated to the USA. Fifty one first-generation Korean-Americans participated in one or two hour, in-depth interviews in Korean at a participant's home or church. These included 27 older adults and 24 family members living together or within a radius of one-hour transit time from their elders, residing in the Southeastern United States. A thematic and interpretive method was used to analyze transcribed interviews. Three themes were identified that explained the cultural context of family religiosity/spirituality: (a) traditional family religious rituals, (b) church oriented routines, and (c) family collectivism. The participants did not distinguish 'religiosity' and 'spirituality' during the interviews. The findings suggest that the family religiosity/spirituality of the participants was influenced by the traditional family religious values, which were shaped by Korean culture. The traditional religions of Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are prevalent in Asian countries. Thus, the findings of this study may help healthcare professionals identify the cultural contexts of spirituality/religiosity of Asian immigrant families in order to provide holistic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Sun Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin
- School of Nursing, College of Health & Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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Park C, Jang M, Nam S, Grey M, Whittemore R. Church-Based Recruitment to Reach Korean Immigrants: An Integrative Review. West J Nurs Res 2017; 40:1396-1421. [PMID: 28424028 DOI: 10.1177/0193945917703938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the Korean church has been frequently used to recruit Korean immigrants in research, little is known about the specific strategies and process. The purpose of this integrative review was to describe recruitment strategies in studies of Korean immigrants and to identify the process of Korean church-based recruitment. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Four stages of church-based recruitment were identified: initiation, endorsement, advertisement, and implementation. This review identified aspects of the church-based recruitment process in Korean immigrants, which are different from the Black and Hispanic literature, due to their hierarchical culture and language barriers. Getting permission from pastors and announcing the study by pastors at Sunday services were identified as the key components of the process. Using the church newsletter to advertise the study was the most effective strategy for the advertisement stage. Despite several limitations, church-based recruitment is a very feasible and effective way to recruit Korean immigrants.
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Faith-based intervention to increase fruit and vegetable intake among Koreans in the USA: a feasibility pilot. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:357-362. [PMID: 27608536 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the USA, adults of Korean descent tend to eat fewer vegetables than adults in South Korea. The present pilot study examined the feasibility of developing and implementing a faith-based intervention to improve knowledge, attitudes and intake of fruit and vegetables (F&V) for Koreans in the USA. DESIGN Feasibility pilot using a cluster-randomized intervention trial design. The multicomponent intervention included motivational interviewing sessions by telephone and church-based group activities. SETTING Eleven of the largest Korean churches in Southern California. SUBJECTS Adults (n 71) from the eleven Korean churches. RESULTS Feasibility was demonstrated for the study procedures, including recruitment of churches and individual participants. Allocating time throughout the study for church collaboration and having a study church coordinator to coordinate multiple churches were crucial. Participants' attendance at church activities (89 %) and participation by pastors and fellow churchgoers exceeded expectations. Participants' use of intervention materials was high (94 % or above) and satisfaction with coaching sessions was also high (75 % or above). Having a centralized coach trained in motivational interviewing, instead of one at each church, proved practical. Pilot results are promising for F&V knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. The intervention group improved knowledge and intake of the recommended amounts of F&V, above that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS This pilot suggests that Koreans in the USA can be reached through their church and that a faith-based intervention study can be implemented to increase F&V intake. Preliminary results for the intervention appear promising but further research is needed to properly evaluate its efficacy.
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Kim SS, Kim-Godwin YS, Koenig HG. Family Spirituality and Family Health Among Korean-American Elderly Couples. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:729-746. [PMID: 26330374 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality has been regarded as an individual and private matter; consequently, research on spirituality as a family phenomenon has been largely neglected. In addition, most published research has been focused on Western cultures. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of family spirituality and how it influences health among Korean-American elderly couples who are the first generation to reside in the Southeastern USA. A thematic and interpretive data analysis method was used. Thirteen elderly couples (N = 26) participated in in-depth individual interviews in Korean with the primary author. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and then translated by two bilingual researchers with a background in Korean and American culture. Three main themes of family spirituality were identified: (1) family togetherness, (2) family interdependence, and (3) family coping. Also, participants reported that family spirituality strengthened family health by fostering family commitment, improving emotional well-being, developing new healthy behaviors, and providing healing experiences. This finding implies that healthcare providers need to assess family spiritual issues of elderly couples to maximize their strengths for coping with health problems. As our society becomes more culturally diverse, healthcare providers should seek to understand family spirituality from different cultural perspectives to develop a more holistic approach to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Sun Kim
- Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
| | - Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, King Abudlaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Irvin VL, Hofstetter CR, Nichols JF, Chambers CD, Usita PM, Norman GJ, Kang S, Hovell MF. Compliance with smoke-free policies in korean bars and restaurants in california: a descriptive analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1083-9. [PMID: 25735336 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compliance with California's smoke-free restaurant and bar policies may be more a function of social contingencies and less a function of legal contingencies. The aims of this study were: 1) to report indications of compliance with smoke-free legislation in Korean bars and restaurants in California; 2) to examine the demographic, smoking status, and acculturation factors of who smoked indoors; and 3) to report social cues in opposition to smoking among a sample of Koreans in California. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected by telephone surveys administered by bilingual interviewers between 2007-2009, and included California adults of Korean descent who visited a Korean bar or restaurant in a typical month (N=2,173, 55% female). RESULTS 1% of restaurant-going participants smoked inside while 7% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean restaurant. Some 23% of bar-going participants smoked inside and 65% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean bar. Presence of ashtrays was related to indoor smoking in bars and restaurants. Among participants who observed smoking, a higher percentage observed someone ask a smoker to stop (17.6%) or gesture to a smoker (27.0%) inside Korean restaurants (N=169) than inside Korean bars (n=141, 17.0% observed verbal cue and 22.7% observed gesture). Participants who smoked inside were significantly younger and more acculturated than participants who did not. Less acculturated participants were significantly more to likely to be told to stop smoking. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after implementation of ordinances, smoking appears to be common in Korean bars in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Irvin
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University , Corvallis, USA. E-mail :
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Kim MT, Kim KB, Han HR, Huh B, Nguyen T, Lee HB. Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Korean American Elderly: Findings from the Memory and Aging Study of Koreans (MASK). Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:671-83. [PMID: 25554484 PMCID: PMC4442756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and identify the predictors of depression among community-dwelling Korean American elderly (KAE). DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey using a two-step sampling strategy to obtain a representative community sample. SETTING The authors recruited study participants at religious, service, and business establishments in the KA community (26 churches, 6 senior centers, 2 medical daycare centers, 1 supermarket). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling first-generation KAE (N = 1,118; mean age ± SD: 70.5 ± 7.0 years; female: 67.2%). MEASUREMENTS Trained bilingual nurses and community health workers interviewed participants face-to-face for demographic information, chronic conditions, and depression using the Korean versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9K). RESULTS 30.3% of KAEs were classified as having either mild (PHQ-9K score 5-9; N = 218, 19.5%) or clinical depression (PHQ-9K score ≥10; N = 120, 10.8%), respectively. One of seven KAE (N = 164, 14.7%) endorsed thoughts of death or self-injury, but only 63 (5.7%) reported utilizing mental health services. The authors also identified several predictors of depression, including living arrangement (living alone versus living with family/spouse); having chronic conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, digestive disorders, or chronic bronchitis; years of education; and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings reveal a high prevalence of depression among KAE and a low level of mental health service utilization. Because there are urgent needs for culturally and contextually relevant interventions, the authors also discuss the feasibility of community-based interventions to reduce the burden of depression, which should be incorporated into a management system for multiple chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyong T. Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kim B. Kim
- Korean Resource Center, Ellicott City, Maryland
| | - Hae-Ra Han
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Boyun Huh
- School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tam Nguyen
- Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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Kim HJ, Choi-Kwon S, Kim H, Park YH, Koh CK. Health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and psychological status among Arabs and Koreans in the United Arab Emirates. Res Nurs Health 2015; 38:133-41. [PMID: 25620727 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cultural variations among ethnic groups may differentially influence health and health behavior. We explored and compared health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and psychological status, including depression, anxiety, and stress, among Korean migrants (n = 117) and Arab nationals (n = 103) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Pender's Health Promotion Model guided this research. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile was used to measure health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and Lovibond and Lovibond's Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to measure psychological status. The data were analyzed using bivariate procedures and multiple linear regression. No group differences were found in total scores for health-promoting lifestyle behaviors or psychological status. Both groups scored high on self-actualization and interpersonal support; Arabs scored low on exercise, and Koreans scored low on health responsibility. Across groups, psychological status (β = -.390, p < .001), education (β = .239, p < .001), and gender (β = .238, p < .001) were significant determinants of health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in multivariate analysis. Ethnicity and religious attendance were not significant determinants. Education level had a moderating effect; for those with a lower educational level, psychological distress had a stronger negative effect on health behavior. Findings suggest considering cultural aspects, such as different values placed on physical fitness and social/interpersonal relationships, in developing and implementing health education and/or promotion programs. Assessment of psychological status (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) should also be included in health promotion programs and related health policies for Korean migrants and Arab nationals in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jun Kim
- Doctoral Student, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
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Changes in and factors affecting second-hand smoke exposure in nonsmoking Korean Americans in California: a panel study. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2014; 8:313-8. [PMID: 25529916 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated changes in and factors affecting second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in a panel study of nonsmokers. METHODS This study was based on data from a larger study of tobacco use among a representative sample of adults of Korean descent residing in California. Participants included 846 males and 1,399 females who were nonsmokers at baseline (2005-2006) and at follow-up (2007-2009). Participants were selected by probability sampling and were interviewed by telephone. RESULTS At baseline, 50.0% were exposed to any SHS, and at follow-up 2 years later, 60.4% were exposed to any SHS (p < .001). SHS exposure at baseline was associated with acculturation, employment, spousal smoking, and having a friend who smoked (p < .001). Employment, spousal smoking, and other family members smoking were associated with SHS at follow-up (p < .001). The odds ratio of SHS in the employed group declined from 2.01 at baseline to 1.53 at follow-up, that of the group having a smoking spouse increased from 1.88 to 2.36, and that of the group having other family members smoking increased from 1.20 to 1.69. CONCLUSIONS We showed that SHS exposure increased among Korean American nonsmokers in California, and the most important variables explaining the change in SHS exposure involved smoking among others with whom the subject is associated. These findings could be used as objective evidence for developing public health policies to reduce SHS exposure.
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Kim HJ, Pearce M, Choi-Kwon S. Religious Attendance, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms Among Koreans in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 17:1098-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gender, acculturation, and smoking behavior among U.S. Asian and Latino immigrants. Soc Sci Med 2014; 106:110-8. [PMID: 24561772 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we examine smoking prevalence and frequency among Asian and Latino U.S. immigrants, focusing on how gender differences in smoking behavior are shaped by aspects of acculturation and the original decision to migrate. We draw on data from 3249 immigrant adults included in the 2002-2003 National Latino and Asian American Study. Findings confirm the gender gap in smoking, which is larger among Asian than Latino immigrants. While regression models reveal that gender differences in smoking prevalence, among both immigrant groups, are not explained with adjustment for measures of acculturation and migration decisions, adjustment for these factors does reduce gender differences in smoking frequency to non-significance. Following, we examine gender-stratified models and test whether aspects of migration decisions and acculturation relate more strongly to smoking behavior among women; we find that patterns are complex and depend upon pan-ethnic group and smoking measure.
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Hovell MF, Adams MA, Hofstetter CR, Martínez-Donate AP, González-Pérez GJ, Rovniak LS, Boman-Davis MC. Complete home smoking bans and antitobacco contingencies: a natural experiment. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:186-96. [PMID: 23999652 PMCID: PMC3880233 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The California antitobacco culture may have influenced home smoking bans in Mexico. Based on the Behavioral Ecological Model, exposure to socially reinforcing contingencies or criticism may explain adoption of home smoking bans in Tijuana, Mexico, approximating rates relative to San Diego, California, and higher than those in Guadalajara, Mexico. METHODS A representative cross-sectional population survey of Latinos (N = 1,901) was conducted in San Diego, Tijuana, and Guadalajara between June 2003 and September 2004. Cities were selected to represent high-, medium-, and low-level exposure to antitobacco social contingencies of reinforcement in a quasiexperimental analysis of possible cultural influences across borders. RESULTS Complete home smoking ban prevalence was 91% in San Diego, 66% in Tijuana, and 38% in Guadalajara (p < .001). Sample cluster-adjusted logistic regression showed significantly lower odds of complete home smoking bans in Guadalajara (odds ratio [OR] = .048) and in Tijuana (OR = .138) compared to San Diego after control for demographics. Odds of complete home smoking bans in both Guadalajara and Tijuana in comparison with San Diego were weakened when mediators for bans were controlled in predictive models. Direction of association was consistent with theory. When theoretical mediators were explored as possible moderators, weak and nonsignificant associations were obtained for all interaction terms. Bootstrap analyses demonstrated that our multivariable logistic regression results were reliable. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that California antismoking social contingencies mediate complete home smoking bans in all 3 cities and may account for the greater effects in Tijuana contrasted with Guadalajara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melbourne F. Hovell
- Centre for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Marc A. Adams
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA;,Exercise and Wellness, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - C. Richard Hofstetter
- Centre for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA;,Department of Political Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Ana P. Martínez-Donate
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Guillermo J. González-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, México
| | - Liza S. Rovniak
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Marie C. Boman-Davis
- Centre for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA
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Kim SS, Kim SH, Ziedonis D. Tobacco dependence treatment for Korean Americans: preliminary findings. J Immigr Minor Health 2012; 14:395-404. [PMID: 21785963 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-011-9507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to examine the relative effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy with a cultural tailoring intervention compared to brief medication management. The study used a two-arm randomized controlled trial in which participant assignment was stratified by gender. The intervention condition received eight weekly 40-min individualized counseling sessions of culturally tailored cognitive behavior therapy, while the control condition received eight weekly 10-min individualized counseling sessions of medication management. Both conditions received nicotine patches for 8 weeks. Data were collected at baseline and at four follow-up points (one and 4 weeks, and three and 6 months post-quit). Treatment outcomes were presented as an intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty Korean immigrants participated in the study. At 6-month follow-up, 57.1% of participants in the intervention and 18.8% of participants in the control had 7-day point prevalence abstinence (odds ratio = 5.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-26.04, P = 0.04). Participants' self-reported abstinence was biochemically verified with exhaled carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine levels. A combination of the culturally tailored cognitive behavior therapy and nicotine replacement therapy had a better treatment outcome compared to brief medication management. The promising result suggests a need to further test the intervention in larger samples and longer follow-up assessments before it can be adapted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun S Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Lee YS, Hofstetter CR, Irvin VL, Kang S, Chhay D, Reyes WD, Hovell MF. Korean American women's preventive health care practices: stratified samples in California, USA. Health Care Women Int 2012; 33:422-39. [PMID: 22497327 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2011.603869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Using data from a larger study, we explored the characteristics of preventive health care practices (influenza vaccination, mammogram, and Pap test) among a representative sample of 1,786 Korean American women residing in California by telephone. Three preventive health care practices were related to the goals set by Healthy People 2010. Participants with no education in the United States, who were born in Korea, resided in the United States longer, and had a primary care provider were more likely than others to reach these goals. Our findings indicate that a behavioral model was suitable to explain the three preventive health care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Shin Lee
- School of Nursing, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92123, USA
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Ayers JW, Chambers CD, Hofstetter CR, Hughes SC, Reyes WD, Kang SW, Irvin VL, Hovell MF. Cultural and social network predictors of drinking among Korean American women. Alcohol 2011; 45:89-97. [PMID: 20843638 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study estimated the association of cultural and social mechanisms with Korean American women's drinking behaviors. Data were drawn from telephone interviews with 591 Korean women selected from a random sample of households in California with Korean surnames during 2007. About 62% of eligible respondents completed the interview. Respondents reported any lifetime drinking (yes/no), drinking volume (typical number of drinks consumed on drinking days), level of acculturation, and described their social network by assessing who encouraged or discouraged drinking (drinking support) or drank (drinking models). Multivariable regressions were used for analyses. About 70% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]:, 67, 74) of Korean American women reported any lifetime drinking and current drinkers drank 1.18 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.28) drinks on drinking days. Acculturation was not significantly associated with any lifetime drinking or drinking volume, whereas models and support for drinking were statistically significantly associated with a higher probability of any lifetime drinking and drinking more on drinking days. Each additional encourager, or one or fewer discourager, for drinking in women's social networks was associated with a 2% (95%CI: 1, 3) higher probability of any lifetime drinking and drinking 0.25 (95%CI: -0.53, 1.18) more drinks on drinking days. Each additional drinker in women's networks was associated with a 4% (95%CI: 1, 8) higher probability of any lifetime drinking and drinking 0.26 (95%CI: -0.05, 0.60) more drinks on drinking days. Korean American women's drinking appears to be strongly related to their social networks, although how women take on traits of their new environment was not.
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Gillum RF. Effect modification by acculturation and education of the association of religion and smoking in immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2010; 13:193. [PMID: 20890658 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-010-9400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ayers JW, Hofstetter CR, Hughes SC, Park H, Paik HY, Irvin VL, Lee J, Juon HS, Latkin C, Hovell MF. Smoking on both sides of the pacific: home smoking restrictions and secondhand smoke exposure among Korean adults and children in Seoul and California. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:1142-50. [PMID: 20924042 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study, informed by ecological frameworks, compared the prevalence, predictors, and association of home smoking restrictions with secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) between Koreans in Seoul, South Korea, and Korean Americans in California, United States. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was drawn from telephone interviews with Korean adults in Seoul (N = 500) and California (N = 2,830) during 2001-02. Multivariable regressions were used for analyses. RESULTS Koreans, compared with Korean Americans, had significantly fewer complete home smoking bans, 19% (95% CI: 16-23) versus 66% (95% CI: 64-68), and were more likely to not have a home smoking restriction, 64% (95% CI: 60-69) versus 5% (95% CI: 4-6). Home smoking restrictions were associated with lower home SHSe; however, the impact was consistently larger among Korean Americans. Households with more SHSe sources were less likely to have the strongest home smoking restrictions, where the difference in complete bans among Korean Americans versus Koreans was largely among those at low risk of SHSe, 82% (95% CI: 76-86) versus 36% (95% CI: 17-57), while high-risk Korean American and Koreans had similar low probabilities, 10% (95% CI: 7-13) versus 7% (95% CI: 3-13). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with ecological frameworks, exposure to California's antismoking policy and culture was associated with stronger home smoking restrictions and improved effectiveness. Interventions tailored to Korean and Korean American SHSe profiles are needed. Behavioral interventions specifically for high-risk Korean Americans and stronger policy controls for Koreans may be effective at rapidly expanding home smoking restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ayers
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ayers JW, Hofstetter CR, Hughes SC, Irvin VL, Sim DEK, Hovell MF. Exploring religious mechanisms for healthy alcohol use: religious messages and drinking among Korean women in California. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2010; 70:890-8. [PMID: 19895765 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2009.70.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research identifies social reinforcers within religious institutions associated with alcohol consumption among Korean women in California. METHOD Data were drawn from telephone interviews with female adults (N = 591) selected from a random sampling of persons in California with Korean surnames during 2007. Approximately 70% of attempted interviews were completed, with 92% conducted in Korean. Respondents were asked about any lifetime drinking (yes/no), drinking rate (typical number of drinks consumed on drinking days among current drinkers), and messages discouraging "excessive drinking" from religious leaders or congregants. Bivariable and multivariable regressions were used for analysis. RESULTS Approximately 70.4% of women reported any lifetime drinking, and drinkers drank a mean (SD) of 1.10 (1.22) drinks on drinking days. About 30.8% reported any exposure to religious leaders' messages discouraging excessive drinking, and 28.2% reported any exposure to similar messages from congregants. Each congregant's message was statistically significantly associated with a 5.1% lower probability (odds ratio = 0.775, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.626, 0.959) of any lifetime drinking. also, each congregant's message was associated with a 13.8% (B = -0.138; 95% CI: -0.306, 0.029) lower drinking rate, which was statistically significant after adjusting for covariates using a one-tailed test. Exposure to leaders' messages was not statistically significantly associated with any lifetime drinking or drinking rate. CONCLUSIONS Social reinforcement in the form of religious messages may be one mechanism by which religious institutions influence drinking behaviors. For Korean women, messages from congregants had a unique impact beyond the traditional religiosity indicators. These social mechanisms provide public health interventionists with religious pathways to improve drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ayers
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92123-4388, USA.
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Ayers JW, Hofstetter CR, Irvin VL, Song Y, Park HR, Paik HY, Hovell MF. Can religion help prevent obesity? Religious messages and the prevalence of being overweight or obese among Korean women in California. JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION 2010; 49:536-49. [PMID: 20886700 PMCID: PMC2951288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2010.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the influence of messages from religious leaders and congregants on whether Korean women are overweight or obese. Data were drawn from telephone interviews with a probability sample (N = 591) of women of Korean descent living in California. Overweight or obese prevalence was measured using World Health Organization standards for Asians (BMI > 23). Respondents reported the frequency of messages discouraging “excessive eating” or encouraging “exercise” from religious leaders and congregants during a typical month. When conditioned on leaders’ messages, the frequency of congregants’ messages was associated with a significantly lower probability of being overweight or obese, although messages from either in the absence of the other were unassociated with being overweight or obese. At least for Korean women, religion may help prevent obesity via religious-based social mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ayers
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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