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Szwarcwald CL, de Souza Junior PRB, de Carvalho TDG, de Queiroz RSB, de Castilho EA, Leal MDC. Using Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) to Identify the Healthcare Needs among Women of Reproductive Age Who Migrated from Venezuela to Brazil, 2018-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:811. [PMID: 38929057 PMCID: PMC11203649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, an RDS survey was conducted among Venezuelan migrant women of reproductive age who migrated to two Brazilian cities (Manaus and Boa Vista) from 2018 to 2021. To start the RDS recruitment, we chose seeds non-randomly in both cities. The study variables were age, educational level, self-rated health, pregnancy, migratory status and use of health services. We estimated the prevalence, confidence intervals and homophily effects by variable category. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the main factors associated with healthcare use. A total of 761 women were recruited in Manaus and 1268 in Boa Vista. Manaus showed more irregular migrants than Boa Vista. The main reasons for using health services were as follows: illness, disease prevention and prenatal care. The logistic regression model showed the use of health services was associated with educational level and healthcare needs but not with migratory status. The social inclusion of Venezuelan migrants is extremely relevant, although many challenges must be overcome. The strategy of the Brazilian Federal Government for providing humanitarian assistance to Venezuelan migrants should be expanded to include and facilitate their integration into labor markets, access to healthcare and education, benefiting both migrants and the Brazilian people by reducing social inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior
- Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Thaiza Dutra Gomes de Carvalho
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Leopoldo Bulhões Street, 1480, 8° Floor, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil; (T.D.G.d.C.); (M.d.C.L.)
| | - Rita Suely Bacuri de Queiroz
- Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Street Terezina, 476 Adrianópolis, Manaus 69057-070, AM, Brazil;
| | - Euclides Ayres de Castilho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 2° Floor, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maria do Carmo Leal
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Leopoldo Bulhões Street, 1480, 8° Floor, Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil; (T.D.G.d.C.); (M.d.C.L.)
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Nishino K, Inthaphatha S, Yamamoto E. Erratum: Increased number of live births by migrant mothers shows areal inequality in Japan: A descriptive study. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101532. [PMID: 38524177 PMCID: PMC10958628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101531.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101447.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Souphalak Inthaphatha
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Zaman M, McCann V, Friesen S, Noriega M, Marisol M, Bartels SA, Purkey E. Experiences of pregnant Venezuelan migrants/refugees in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru: a qualitative analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38395816 PMCID: PMC10885441 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that since 2014, approximately 7.3 million Venezuelan migrants/refugees have left the country. Although both male and female migrants/refugees are vulnerable, female migrants/refugees are more likely to face discrimination, emotional, physical, and sexual violence. Currently there is a lack of literature that explores the experiences of pregnant Venezuelan migrants/refugees. Our aim is to better understand the experience of this vulnerable population to inform programming. METHODS In the parent study, Spryng.io's sensemaking tool was used to gain insight into the gendered migration experiences of Venezuelan women/girls. A total of 9339 micronarratives were collected from 9116 unique participants in Peru, Ecuador and Brazil from January to April 2022. For the purpose of this analysis, two independent reviewers screened 817 micronarratives which were identified by the participant as being about someone who was pregnant, ultimately including 231 as part of the thematic analysis. This was an exploratory study and an open thematic analysis of the narratives was performed. RESULTS The mean age and standard deviation of our population was 25.77 ± 6.73. The majority of women in the sample already had at least 1 child (62%), were married at the time of migration (53%) and identified as low socio-economic status (59%). The qualitative analysis revealed the following main themes among pregnant Venezuelan migrants/refugees: xenophobia in the forms of racial slurs and hostile treatment from health-care workers while accessing pregnancy care; sexual, physical, and verbal violence experienced during migration; lack of shelter, resources and financial support; and travelling with the hopes of a better future. CONCLUSION Pregnant Venezuelan migrants/refugees are a vulnerable population that encounter complex gender-based and societal issues that are rarely sufficiently reported. The findings of this study can inform governments, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations to improve support systems for pregnant migrants/refugees. Based on the results of our study we recommend addressing xenophobia in health-care centres and the lack of shelter and food in host countries at various levels, creating support spaces for pregnant women who experience trauma or violence, and connecting women with reliable employment opportunities and maternal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zaman
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria McCann
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Friesen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Monica Noriega
- International Organization for Migration, Panama City, Panama
| | - Maria Marisol
- International Organization for Migration, Pacaraima, Brazil
| | - Susan A Bartels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Eva Purkey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Miranda J, Sanabria MF, Annicchiarico W, Alfieri N, Cortes MS. Maternal and perinatal health among pregnant patients in the context of a migratory crisis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:416-422. [PMID: 37439260 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare maternal and perinatal outcomes of migrant Venezuelan women with local pregnant patients in a Colombian institution in the context of a migratory crisis. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 11 304 deliveries from the Clínica de Maternidad Rafael Calvo in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, a tertiary referral center on the north coast of Colombia. Data on maternal demographics and perinatal outcomes were obtained by chart review. RESULTS In total, 595 patients were identified as Venezuelan migrants, and their perinatal outcomes were compared against those of 10 709 local pregnant patients. Despite similar baseline maternal conditions in both groups, poorer prenatal follow-up care (3 [1-5] vs. 5 [4-7] visits; P < 0.001) and severe complications were more common in Venezuelan migrant pregnant patients and their children. In addition, maternal hypertension was significantly more common in migrants (11.4% [68/595] vs. 8.3% [887/10709]; P = 0.009). Furthermore, in the group of pregnant migrant patients, the rates of severe maternal morbidity (13.4% [80/575] vs. 9.45%, [1013/10709]; P = 0.002), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (22/595 [3.7%] vs. 237/10709 [2.23%]; P = 0.03), and perinatal mortality (11/586 [1.88%] vs. 67/10651 [0.63%]; P = 0.003) were significantly higher than in the local pregnant population. CONCLUSION Forced migration during pregnancy may be associated with poorer prenatal care, which may predispose women and their newborns to more frequent adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezid Miranda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidado Intensivo y Obstetricia (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centro Hospitalario Serena del Mar, Cartagena de Indias y Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María F Sanabria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidado Intensivo y Obstetricia (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Walter Annicchiarico
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grupo de Investigación en Cuidado Intensivo y Obstetricia (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Nikita Alfieri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Fetal Therapy and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Nishino K, Inthaphatha S, Yamamoto E. Increased number of live births by migrant mothers shows areal inequality in Japan: A descriptive study. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101447. [PMID: 37691978 PMCID: PMC10492139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Japan has not implemented policy of accepting many migrants, and the proportion of migrants in the total population is much smaller than that in other economically developed countries. Therefore, issues regarding the health status of migrants, especially migrant mothers and their children, have not been discussed enthusiastically in Japan. In the present study, we aimed to describe the epidemiology (time trend of the number, areal distribution, and frequency of maternal nationality of newborn births) of live births by migrant mothers in Japan, which contributes to the administration of medical policies on the perinatal care of migrant mothers. This study used data from the vital statistics reported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan and from foreign resident statistics reported by Immigration Services Agency (ISA) of Japan. To show areal inequality in the number of live births by migrant mothers, we applied the Gini coefficient. This study demonstrated that the number of live births by migrant mothers increased from 16,154 (1.31% of the total) in 1990 to 26,517 (3.08%) in 2020. It also showed stronger areal inequality at prefecture level by Japanese mothers (Gini coefficient; 0.64 vs 0.46 in 2020), and this areal inequality has increased during the last decade. This study also illustrated that the frequency of maternal nationality of newborns from migrant mothers has been altered in the last decade, especially in the composition of Asian countries. In conclusion, the number of live births by migrant mothers in Japan has been progressively increasing; however, this trend is excessively concentrated in specific areas in Japan. These tendencies are expected to become more prominent in the future, and their possible impacts on medical institutions and administrative agencies in specific areas that treat migrant mothers should be investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Souphalak Inthaphatha
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Lee M, Pöhlmann A, Abou-Dakn M, David M. Acculturation Experiences and Preterm Birth in Berlin: Does Acculturative Stress Contribute to Preterm Birth? J Immigr Minor Health 2023:10.1007/s10903-023-01480-7. [PMID: 37081192 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Acculturation and acculturative stress are potential risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes. This study investigates whether and how acculturative stress affects preterm birth (PTB) in a sample of migrant women in Berlin. We interviewed 955 women who recently gave birth using standardized questionnaires (Frankfurt Acculturation Scale and Acculturative Stress Index). Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the effects of acculturation and acculturative stress on PTB. Women with migrant backgrounds did not have significantly higher PTB rates than German natives. First-generation migrants experienced higher acculturative stress levels than second-generation migrants, 38.8% vs. 13.2%. Acculturative stress could not be identified as a risk factor for PTB in our sample. These results need to be considered in the context of an international city and the wide use of antenatal care services in our population, which could be responsible for similarly good perinatal outcomes and highlights the potential of good access to perinatal care for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lee
- Department of Gynecology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anna Pöhlmann
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Abou-Dakn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Joseph Krankenhaus Berlin Tempelhof, Wüsthoffstraße 15, 112102, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias David
- Department of Gynecology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Maternal Care and Pregnancy Outcomes of Venezuelan and Colombian Refugees. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:86-95. [PMID: 35666372 PMCID: PMC9169017 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecuador is a major host country for Colombians fleeing violence and Venezuelans escaping a complex humanitarian crisis, many of whom are pregnant women. METHODS We used national birth registry data (2018-2020) to compare the maternal care and infant outcomes of Venezuelan and Colombian immigrants with Ecuadorian nationals. RESULTS Venezuelan immigrants had a lower adjusted odds (AOR) for adequate prenatal care (AOR = 0.64;95%CI = 0.62,0.67) but a higher AOR for institutional (AOR = 2.68;95%CI = 1.84,3.93) and C-section delivery (AOR = 1.28;95%CI = 1.23,1.32) and birthing infants who were moderate-late preterm (AOR = 1.12;95%CI = 1.05,1.20), very preterm (AOR = 1.20;95%CI = 1.04,1.40), extremely pre-term (AOR = 1.65;95%CI = 1.27,2.14), low birthweight (LBW) (AOR = 1.11;95%CI = 1.05,1.17), very LBW (AOR = 1.35;95%CI = 1.12,1.62), and extremely LBW (AOR = 1.71;95%CI = 1.36,2.16). Colombians had decreased AORs for adequate prenatal care (AOR = 0.82;95%CI = 0.78,0.87) but increased AORs for institutional (AOR = 2.03;95%CI = 1.19,3.46) and C-section deliveries (AOR = 1.07;95%CI = 1.01,1.13) and birthing infants with moderate-late preterm (AOR = 1.17;95%CI = 1.05,1.30) but not LBW. DISCUSSION The findings underscore the need to address the causes of adequate prenatal care, excess C-sections, and poorer infant outcomes among refugee and immigrant women, especially Venezuelans.
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Blukacz A, Carreño Calderon A, Obach A, Cabieses B, Peroncini J, Oliva A. Perceptions of Health Needs among Venezuelan Women Crossing the Border in Northern Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15175. [PMID: 36429892 PMCID: PMC9690325 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In parallel to the COVID-19 pandemic, Chile has experienced a significant influx of international migrants, many of whom are Venezuelan women who have entered the country through unauthorized crossing points. In this context, gender and migration intersect as the social determinants of health, leading to their experiencing a range of adverse events. This poses important challenges in terms of short- and long-term health outcomes, the social determinants of health, and access to healthcare. This study aims at describing Venezuelan women's perceptions of their health needs as they migrate to Chile via an unauthorized crossing point, with a focus on adverse events throughout the migration cycle, self-reported health needs, and responses. A qualitative case study was carried out with 22 participants in the Antofagasta region of Chile, including Venezuelan migrant women, healthcare professionals, and social workers from the public healthcare system, stakeholders from non-governmental and international organizations, and local government officials. The semi-structured, individual interviews were analyzed thematically. The results show that Venezuelan women face a range of adverse events throughout the migration cycle. The perceived health needs that are reported are sometimes linked to these adverse events or existed prior to migration and were exacerbated throughout the migratory cycle. Addressing these physical and mental health needs is essential for short- and long-term individual and public health; however, despite substantial efforts to ameliorate the situation, persisting gaps in access to care are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blukacz
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alejandra Carreño Calderon
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Alexandra Obach
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jeniffer Peroncini
- Subsistema Chile Crece Contigo, Subsecretaria de la Niñez, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Alejandra Oliva
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
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Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Pérez-Gómez A, Trujillo JM, Schwartz SJ. The Venezuelan diaspora: Migration-related experiences and mental health. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101430. [PMID: 35985072 PMCID: PMC9870179 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since 2015, the Venezuelan diaspora has poured forth from the Venezuelan sending context into an array of (mostly) middle-income receiving countries and into the United States (US) as well. For many Venezuelan migrants, post-migration reception has been mixed, and multiple studies suggest that mental health is an important challenge with discrimination and negative context reception contributing to mental health burden in terms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Cross-national research points to important sociodemographic differences between Venezuelan migrants resettled in South American contexts and in the US, and suggests that-on average-migration-related cultural stress is lower and mental health outcomes are better among those resettling in South Florida and elsewhere in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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