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Wawrzkiewicz M, Frynas S, Podkościelna B. Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphorus-Containing Sorbent for Basic Dye Removal. Molecules 2023; 28:6731. [PMID: 37764506 PMCID: PMC10534740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new phosphorus-containing sorbent was prepared by copolymerizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and trimethylvinyl silane (TMVS) with diphenylvinylphoshine oxide (DPVO). It was characterized and applied in the removal of cationic dyes such as C.I. Basic Yellow 2 (BY2), C.I. Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and C.I. Basic Red 46 (BR46) using the batch method. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the phosphinoyl group was introduced into the sorbent structure. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The Freundlich model is the most suitable to describe the adsorption of BB3 (the Freundlich constant kF = 32.3 mg1-1/nL1/n/g) and BY2 on the sorbent (13.8 mg1-1/nL1/n/g), while the Langmuir model is the most adequate to describe the adsorption of BR46 (the monolayer capacity Q0 = 2.7 mg/g). The kinetics of the dye adsorption follows the assumptions of the pseudo-second-order (the rate constants k2 = 0.087 ÷ 0.738 g/mg min) model rather than pseudo-first-order or intraparticle diffusion. The presence of Na2SO4 and cationic surfactant in the aqueous solutions inhibited dye retention by the DPVO-EGDMA-TMVS. Adsorbent regeneration efficiency does not exceed 60% using 1 M NaCl and 1 M HCl solutions in the presence of 50% v/v methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wawrzkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Frynas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Crystallochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Str., 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Str., 20-614 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Frynas S, Wawrzkiewicz M. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of a New Functionalized Polymeric Sorbent Based on Alkenylphoshine Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061591. [PMID: 36987371 PMCID: PMC10052587 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel phosphorus-containing sorbent (CyP(Ph)4-DVB) was prepared by copolymerizing divinylbenzene (DVB) with bis α,β-unsaturated phosphorylated cyclohexene (CyP(Ph)4). ATR-FT-IR indicated that the phosphinoyl group was introduced into the sorbent structure. The thermal properties of the sorbent were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), which revealed that (CyP(Ph)4-DVB) is more stable than poly(DVB). The CyP(Ph)4-DVB was applied for cationic dye removal, such as C.I. Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) and C.I. Basic Blue 3 (BB3). Batch adsorption tests suggested that the Freundlich isotherm model seemed to be the better one for the description of equilibrium sorption data at equilibrium, rather than the Langmuir or Temkin models. The Freundlich constants concerning the adsorption capacity of CyP(Ph)4-DVB, kF, were calculated as 14.2 mg1-1/nL1/n/g for BY2 and 53.7 mg1-1/nL1/n/g for BB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Frynas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Crystallochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Str., 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wawrzkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Cyclo- and Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238117. [PMID: 36500209 PMCID: PMC9736570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and polyphosphazenes are extremely interesting and versatile substrates characterized by the presence of -P=N- repeating units. The chlorine atoms on the P atoms in the starting materials can be easily substituted with a variety of organic substituents, thus giving rise to a huge number of new materials for industrial applications. Their properties can be designed considering the number of repetitive units and the nature of the substituent groups, opening up to a number of peculiar properties, including the ability to give rise to supramolecular arrangements. We focused our attention on the extensive scientific literature concerning their biomedical applications: as antimicrobial agents in drug delivery, as immunoadjuvants in tissue engineering, in innovative anticancer therapies, and treatments for cardiovascular diseases. The promising perspectives for their biomedical use rise from the opportunity to combine the benefits of the inorganic backbone and the wide variety of organic side groups that can lead to the formation of nanoparticles, polymersomes, or scaffolds for cell proliferation. In this review, some aspects of the preparation of phosphazene-based systems and their characterization, together with some of the most relevant chemical strategies to obtain biomaterials, have been described.
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Ahmad M, Nawaz T, Hussain I, Chen X, Imran M, Hussain R, Assiri MA, Ali S, Wu Z. Phosphazene Cyclomatrix Network-Based Polymer: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28694-28707. [PMID: 36033672 PMCID: PMC9404196 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are an inorganic molecular hybrid family with multifunctional properties due to their wide range of organic substitutes. This review intends to propose the basics of the synthetic chemistry of polyphosphazene, describing for researchers outside the field the basic knowledge required to design and prepare polyphosphazenes with desired properties. A special emphasis is placed on recent advances in chemical synthesis, which allow not only the synthesis of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities but also the synthesis of novel branched designs and block copolymers. We also investigated the synthesis of polyphosphazenes using various functional materials. This review aims to assist researchers in synthesizing their specific polyphosphazene material with unique property combinations, with the hope of stimulating further research and even more innovative applications for these highly interesting multifaceted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tehseen Nawaz
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Division
of Science and Technology, University of
Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafqat Ali
- Department
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan
University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State
Key
Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Wu J, Zhang S, Basharat M, Liu W, Dai S, Zhang T, Wu Z. Performances of novel poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) based heat shielding materials with various fibrous reinforcements. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Shuangkun Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Majid Basharat
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Shaotao Dai
- School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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6
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Zashikhina N, Vasileva M, Perevedentseva O, Tarasenko I, Tennikova T, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Synthesis and Characterization of Macroinitiators Based on Polyorganophosphazenes for the Ring Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091446. [PMID: 33947073 PMCID: PMC8124460 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various biocompatible amphiphilic copolymers, biodegradable ones are the most promising for the preparation of drug delivery systems since they are destroyed under physiological conditions, that, as a rule, reduce toxicity and provide controlled release of the drug. Hybrid graft-copolymers consisting of the main inorganic polyphosphazene chain and polypeptide side chains are of considerable interest for the development of delivery systems with a controlled degradation rate, since the main and side chains will have different degradation mechanisms (chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively). Variable particle degradation rate, controlled by the adjusting the composition of substituents, will allow selective delivery in vivo and controlled drug release. The present work proposes the preparation of biodegradable macroinitiators based on polyorganophosphazenes for the synthesis of hybrid copolymers. Synthesis of novel biodegradable macroinitiators based on polyorganophosphazenes was performed via macromolecular substitution of a polydichlorophosphazene chain with the sodium alcoholates, amines and amino acids. The composition of copolymers obtained was calculated using NMR. These polyorganophosphazenes bearing primary amino groups can be considered as convenient macroinitiators for the polymerization of NCA of α-amino acids in order to prepare hybrid copolymers polyphosphazene-graft-polypeptide. The developed macroinitiators were amphiphilic and self-assembled in the aqueous media into nanoparticles. Furthermore, the ability to encapsulate and release a model substance was demonstrated. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity of synthesized polymers was evaluated using two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zashikhina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.V.); (O.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Marina Vasileva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.V.); (O.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Olga Perevedentseva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.V.); (O.P.); (I.T.)
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Prospect 26, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Tarasenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.V.); (O.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Tatiana Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitesky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Evgenia Korzhikova-Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (M.V.); (O.P.); (I.T.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitesky pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(812)-323-04-61
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7
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Soldatov M, Liu H. A POSS-Phosphazene Based Porous Material for Adsorption of Metal Ions from Water. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4345-4351. [PMID: 31651097 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of adsorptive materials continues to be an important area of research for removal of heavy metal ions from waste water. The adsorption capacity can be modulated by both physical and chemical modification of the adsorbent. Herein, we combine the unique properties of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and organocyclophosphazene as the building units to synthesize a hybrid porous material, abbreviated as PN-POSS. The synthetic method follows a Heck reaction between hexa(4-bromophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis shows that the material possesses micro- and mesopores of 1.5 and 3.8 nm size and a surface area on the order of 500 m2 g-1 . These attributes in combination with the donor ability of the phosphazene units qualify the material for high adsorption of Pb2+ , Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions with maximal adsorption capacities on the order of 1326, 1927 and 2654 mg g-1 , respectively. The adsorbent exhibits a good regeneration performance and can be effectively used for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Soldatov
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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8
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Koran K, Görgülü AO. Structural characterizations, thermal behavior, and electrical measurements of the amidosulfonic acid catalyzed thermal ring-opening polymerization of substituted cyclotriphosphazene in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solution. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Koran
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
| | - Ahmet Orhan Görgülü
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Firat University; Elazığ Turkey
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9
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Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Zain-ul-Abdin, Akram M, Wu J, Haroon M, Ullah RS, Deng Z, Xia X. Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Amin AM, Shahid SA, Li W, Haojie Y, Ali Z, Rehman H, Ghaffar A, Sarfraz M, Waqas M. An Efficient Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Hydrolytic Degradation Studies of Poly[bis(3-phenyl-1-propoxide amino benzoic acid diethylamino)phosphazene] as Potential Materials for Biomedical Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Ullah RS, Wang L, Yu H, Abbasi NM, Akram M, -ul-Abdin Z, Saleem M, Haroon M, Khan RU. Synthesis of polyphosphazenes with different side groups and various tactics for drug delivery. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes (PPZs) are hybrid polymers comprising a main chain containing nitrogen and phosphorous linked through interchanging single and double bonds, and side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Summe Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Nasir M. Abbasi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Akram
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zain -ul-Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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12
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Zhang S, Ali S, Kong Y, Ma H, Zhang L, Wu Z, Wu D. Evolution of chemical structure of polydichlorophosphazene in various solvents and ways to prolong its stability. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Xu L, Lei C, Xu R, Zhang X, Zhang F. Hybridization of α-zirconium phosphate with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and its application in the flame retardant poly(vinyl alcohol) composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zhang S, Ali S, Ma H, Zhang L, Wu Z, Wu D, Hu TS. Preparation of Poly(bis(phenoxy)phosphazene) and 31P NMR Analysis of Its Structural Defects under Various Synthesis Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11307-11316. [PMID: 27726395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(aryloxy)phosphazenes emerge as an important class of hybrid polymers for a whole range of potential applications. To date, however, little is known about the detailed reaction mechanisms during preparation. This draws a great deal of attention for developing well-defined and well-controllable synthesis methods. In this paper, poly(dichlorophosphazene) (PDCP) has been successfully synthesized, and subsequent reaction with sodium phenoxide or phenol in the presence of K2CO3 can produce poly(bis(phenoxy)phosphazene) (PBPP). To elucidate the issues of branching and cross-linking, focuses have been placed on the change of various reaction conditions, in terms of concentration, temperature, time, solvent, catalysis, etc. The product polymers were examined using the techniques of 31P and 13C NMR, GPC, XPS, and FT-IR, in order to characterize the structural defects, in particular, branching and unwanted substitutions, such as addition of water molecules or oxidation of the phosphorus atoms on the backbone of the polymers. This work sheds light on the tailor design of poly(aryloxy)phosphazenes and other polyphosphazenes with more uniform and controllable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shafqat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanlin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dezhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Travis Shihao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles , 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
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15
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Krishnadevi K, Selvaraj V. Biowaste material reinforced cyanate ester based epoxy composites for flame retardant applications. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315605554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the development of halogen-free flame-retardant amine-terminated cyclophosphazene (ATCP) and functionalized rice husk ash (FRHA)-reinforced cyanate ester (CE; 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane)-based epoxy (EP) composite material through the ring formation of cyanurate and imino carbonyl adduct formation. The ATCP/FRHA/CE-EP composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis and contact angle measurements. A plausible fire-retardant mechanism has been hypothesized based on the analysis of decomposition temperature, char yield, heat release rate, total smoke production, smoke production rate and carbon monoxide production. These results suggest that the ATCP/FRHA/CE-EP composites can be used as hydrophobic, electrical-resistant and improved fire-retardant materials. Hence, ATCP/FRHA/CE-EP flame-retardant system paves new possibility of high-performance non-halogen flame-retardant polymeric materials for electronic and microelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi
- Nanotech Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering-Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University), Kakuppam, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaithilingam Selvaraj
- Nanotech Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering-Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University), Kakuppam, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Zhang S, Wang J, Zhu H, Ali S, Ma H, Zhang L, Wu D, Wu Z. Evaluation of poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) elastomer for heat shielding insulations and morphology of charred layers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316649422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ablative properties of elastomeric insulations are often inadequate for solid rocket motor (SRM) applications. These materials exhibit relatively high erosion rates during the operation of an SRM unless the charred insulation layers are reinforced with suitable fibre fillers. As alternatives to traditional synthetic rubber materials, flexible semi-inorganic rubbers such as polyphosphazene elastomers are now used as state-of-the-art heat-shielding materials. We have successfully managed to prepare a poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) elastomer (PDPP) as well as some insulation materials that are free of any fibrous fillers (with only the addition of inorganic oxides, such as fumed silica and zinc oxide). These polyphosphazene insulations exhibit excellent linear ablation rates (0.08 mm s−1 after a 20 s ablation test) as compared to synthetic organic rubbers. In addition, integrated and rigid charred layers without noticeable swells are formed on the surfaces of the matrices resulting in ‘coral fleece-like’ hollow microtubes, which show better ablative resistance performance than do traditional insulations. The pyrolysis products of PDPP have been characterized by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the mechanism of its decomposition is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiqiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical-Industrial Research Institute, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongchun Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical-Industrial Research Institute, Hohhot, China
| | - Shafqat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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17
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Xu L, Lei C, Xu R, Zhang X, Zhang F. Functionalization of α-zirconium phosphate by polyphosphazene and its effect on the flame retardance of an intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15382h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ZrP was combined with polyphosphazene and formed a core–shell structure, which has a significant synergistic flame retardant performance in polypropylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Caihong Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Kingfa Science and Technology Company, Limited
- Guangzhou 510520
- PR China
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18
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Soller BS, Salzinger S, Rieger B. Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Precision Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates and Conjugated Nitrogen-Containing Vinyl Monomers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1993-2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt S. Soller
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stephan Salzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GME/D-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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19
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Maki H, Kataoka D, Mizuhata M. 15N and 31P NMR Insights into Lactam–Lactim Tautomerism Activity Using cyclo-μ-Imidopolyphosphates. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12289-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b07083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Maki
- Department of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kataoka
- Department of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Mizuhata
- Department of Chemical Science
and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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20
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Zhou L, Zhang G, Li J, Zhao L, Zhang X, Wei X. Synthesis and characterization of polyphenylaminophosphazene and fluorinated polyarylaminophosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
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21
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Tian Z, Hess A, Fellin CR, Nulwala H, Allcock HR. Phosphazene High Polymers and Models with Cyclic Aliphatic Side Groups: New Structure–Property Relationships. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew Hess
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher R. Fellin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hunaid Nulwala
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- National
Energy
Technology Laboratory, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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22
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Modzelewski T, Hotham I, Allcock HR. Deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite on negatively charged polyphosphazene surfaces. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Modzelewski
- Department of Chemistry; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ian Hotham
- Department of Chemistry; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry; the Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802
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23
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31P NMR spectroscopy for quantification of moieties present in the backbone of poly(aryloxycyclotriphosphazene). J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Krishnadevi K, Selvaraj V. Development of halogen-free flame retardant phosphazene and rice husk ash incorporated benzoxazine blended epoxy composites for microelectronic applications. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amine terminated cyclophosphazene and functionalized rice husk ash incorporated benzoxazine based epoxy (ATCP/FRHA/Bz-Ep) composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi
- Nanotech Research Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Engineering
- Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)
- Villupuram-605 103
| | - Vaithilingam Selvaraj
- Nanotech Research Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Engineering
- Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)
- Villupuram-605 103
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25
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Liu H, Wang X, Wu D. Novel cyclotriphosphazene-based epoxy compound and its application in halogen-free epoxy thermosetting systems: Synthesis, curing behaviors, and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Bai Y, Wang X, Wu D. Novel Cyclolinear Cyclotriphosphazene-Linked Epoxy Resin for Halogen-Free Fire Resistance: Synthesis, Characterization, and Flammability Characteristics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Bai
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composite
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composite
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dezhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory
of Organic−Inorganic Composite
Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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27
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Yevlampieva N, Tur D, Kovshik A, Rjumtsev E. Electro-optical Properties, Polarity and Chain Rigidity of Poly(dialkoxyphosphazene)s with Variable Side-Chain Length. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-012-9712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Sun J, Wang X, Wu D. Novel spirocyclic phosphazene-based epoxy resin for halogen-free fire resistance: synthesis, curing behaviors, and flammability characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4047-4061. [PMID: 22833687 DOI: 10.1021/am300843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel halogen-free fire resistant epoxy resin with pendent spiro-cyclotriphosphazene groups was designed and synthesized via a three-step synthetic pathway. The chemical structures and compositions of spiro-cyclotriphosphazene precursors and final product were confirmed by (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal curing behaviors of the synthesized epoxy resin with 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-diphenyl sulfone, and novolac as hardeners were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the curing kinetics were also studied under a nonisothermal condition. The evaluation of the thermal properties demonstrated that these thermosets achieved a good thermal resistance due to their high glass transition temperatures more than 150 °C, and also gained high thermal stabilities with high char yields. The flammability characteristics of the spirocyclic phosphazene-based epoxy thermosets cured with these three hardeners were investigated on the basis of the results obtained from the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 vertical burning experiments as well as the analysis of the residual chars collected from the vertical burning tests. The high LOI values and UL-94 V-0 classification of these epoxy thermosets indicated that the incorporation of phosphazene rings into the backbone chain imparts nonflammability to the epoxy resin owing to the unique combination of phosphorus and nitrogen following by a synergistic effect on flame retardancy. The epoxy resin obtained in this study is a green functional polymer and will become a potential candidate for fire- and heat-resistant applications in electronic and microelectronic fields with more safety and excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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29
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Kroger JL, Fried JR. Molecular Simulations of Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-012-9706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Amin AM, Wang L, Wang J, Yu H, Huo J, Gao J, Xiao A. Recent Research Progress in the Synthesis of Polyphosphazene and Their Applications. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577209x12486896623373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Muhammad Amin
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- b State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- c State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Yu
- d State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huo
- e State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Gao
- f State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Anguo Xiao
- g State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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31
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Tian Z, Liu X, Chen C, Allcock HR. Synthesis and Micellar Behavior of Novel Amphiphilic Poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene]-co-poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300139z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802, United States
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802, United States
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32
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Amin AM, Wang L, Yu H, Amer WA, Gao J, Huo J, Tai Y, Zhang L. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[bis(ethyl salicylate)phosphazenes] and Poly[bis(ethyl salicylate diethylamino)phosphazenes] and Their Hydrolytic Degradation. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-011-9529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Gorur M, Yilmaz F, Kilic A, Sahin ZM, Demirci A. Synthesis of pyrene end-capped A6 dendrimer and star polymer with phosphazene core via “click chemistry”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Amin AM, Wang L, Wang J, Amer WA, Huo J, Yu H, Gao J. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[bis(resorcinol monobenzoate) phosphazenes] and Poly[bis(resorcinol monobenzoate diethylamino) phosphazenes] and Their Self Assembly Behaviors. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-011-9456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Huang X, Wei W, Li J, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Tang X. Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes based on fluorine-containing polyphosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Gorur M, Yilmaz F, Kilic A, Demirci A, Ozdemir Y, Kosemen A, Eren San S. Synthesis, characterization, electrochromic properties, and electrochromic device application of a novel star polymer consisting of thiophene end-capped poly(ε-caprolactone) arms emanating from a hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Review of Modern Techniques and Applications for Inorganic Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-010-9358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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31P MAS NMR Spectroscopy of Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene at Different Stages During Thermal Ring-Opening Polymerization. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-009-9316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Huang Y, Tang X. Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethane crosslinked by linear oligo[bis-(phenoxy)1.8(4-hydroxybutaneoxy)0.2phosphazene]. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Tang X. Synthesis and characterization of novel thermosetting polyphosphazene-urethanes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Gonçalves AM, Seitz O, Mathieu C, Herlem M, Etcheberry A. First evidence of stable P–N bonds after anodic treatment of InP in liquid ammonia: A new III–V material passivation route. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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42
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Borisov AS, Hazendonk P, Hayes PG. A Morphological Study of Poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] Using High Resolution Solid-State 1H, 19F, 31P and 13C NMR Spectroscopy. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-007-9198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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