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Nazrin A, Kuan T, Mansour DEA, Farade RA, Ariffin AM, Rahman MA, Abdul Wahab NIB. Innovative approaches for augmenting dielectric properties in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE): A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34737. [PMID: 39170543 PMCID: PMC11336368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout the history of power systems, power cables have been used to securely and efficiently distribute electrical energy to the destined locations. Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), a commonly used insulator in high-voltage cables, have several desirable properties, such as low dielectric loss, high dielectric constant, high thermal conductivity, enhanced thermal stability, and superior resistance against electrical stress. However, further improvements of XLPE's performance are needed. The incorporation of large specific surface area nanoparticles, such as boron nitride nanosheets and graphene oxide, exhibited a great potential in enhancing XLPE's properties. These nanoparticles create numerous trapping sites, even at small loading levels, due to their large interfacial regions. In addition, voltage stabilisers with polar groups can scavenge high-energy electrons generated by local electric fields, thereby inhibiting the electrical tree growth. Another important aspect of enhancing XLPE's dielectric performance is the inclusion of antioxidants with phenolic groups. These antioxidants react with peroxyl radicals, mitigating their harmful effects. This review summarises the effects of nanoparticles, voltage stabilisers, antioxidants, and polymer amalgamation on dielectric performance of XLPE as an insulation material. The major challenges in dielectric insulation such as breakdown voltage strength, electrical tree growth, structural defect, space charge accumulation, and thermal aging are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nazrin
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T.M. Kuan
- Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
- Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Rizwan A. Farade
- Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - A. Mohd Ariffin
- Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M.S. Abd Rahman
- Institute of Power Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Izzri Bin Abdul Wahab
- Advanced Lightning, Power and Energy Research (ALPER), Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Liu D, Wang J, Gao X, Wang X, Wang H, Ren H. Preparation of polyethylene glycol-polyaniline multi-alternating block copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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