Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Based Betti Bases by a Mannich-Type Three-Component Reaction and Investigation of Their Electrochemical Behavior

Recent advances in the transformation reactions of the Betti base derivatives

Betti bases are the products resulting from the one-pot multicomponent reaction involving 1-naphthol/2-naphthol, aliphatic/aromatic aldehydes, and secondary amines. This chemical process is commonly referred to as the Betti reaction. The significance of Betti bases in medicinal chemistry has grown substantially due to their diverse array of pharmacological applications. Furthermore, their synthetic utility is considerable, given their use as catalysts and ligands in asymmetric synthesis. Moreover, Mannich products, incorporating diverse functional groups such as -OH and -NH, find application in a range of organic reactions. This utilization enables the synthesis of novel C-C bond linkages and diverse heterocycles, including biologically active naphthoxazines, which hold biological applications such as antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. The focus of this review article is on the application of aminonaphthol derivatives in transformation reactions and the synthesis of organic compounds, with particular emphasis on heterocycles.

Recent advances in the green synthesis of Betti bases and their applications: a review

Well-known Betti bases are the products obtained by the one-pot multicomponent reaction of 1-naphthol/2-naphthol, aliphatic/aromatic aldehydes, and secondary amines, and this reaction is known as the Betti reaction. During recent years, due to the unveiling of the pharmacological and synthetic potential of Betti bases, a tremendous increase in the studies reporting novel synthetic methods for the efficient synthesis of Betti bases was observed. This review presents the recent key developments in the green synthesis of the Betti bases and accounts for the significant number of the literature reported during 2019-2022. Both catalyst free as well as the catalyst promoted synthesis (nanocatalyst, biocatalyst, transition metal catalyst, etc.) along with the synthetic applications (catalyst, ligands/chiral auxiliaries, and valuable synthons), optoelectronic applications (fluorescence sensors for phosgene gas, Hg²⁺, and Cr³⁺ detection, quasi-reversible redox potential) and biological properties (anticancer agents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, antitubercular agents, pesticidal agents, anti-Alzheimer agents, Topoisomerase I inhibitors, YAP-TEAD interaction inhibitors, and DNA binding and cleavage activity) are discussed. There is a surge of interest for the development of the green and efficient Betti reaction for the construction of C-C and C-N bond in a single-step reaction accessing Betti bases as products. Along with key methodological developments for the green synthesis of Betti bases, their applications in synthetic organic chemistry, optoelectronic sensors, advanced materials synthesis, agrochemicals and pharmaceutically active scaffolds, during the period of 2019-2022, have been considered.