Synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-Ag Photo-Catalytic Nano-structures with an Effective Silica Shell for Degradation of Methylene blue

Efficient Solar Light Photocatalyst Made of Ag3PO4 Coated TiO2-SiO2 Microspheres

Solar light active photocatalyst was prepared as silver phosphate (Ag₃PO₄) coating on titania-silica (TiO₂-SiO₂) microspheres. Titania-silica microsphere was obtained by spray drying TiO₂-SiO₂ colloidal solutions, whereas Ag₃PO₄ was applied by wet impregnation. XRD on the granules and SEM analysis show that the silver phosphate particles cover the surface of the titania-silica microspheres, and UV-visible diffuse reflectance analysis highlights that Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂-SiO₂ composites can absorb the entire visible light spectrum. BET measurements show higher specific surface area of the composite samples compared to bare Ag₃PO₄. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by dye degradation tests under solar light irradiation. The prepared catalysts follow a pseudo-first-order rate law for dye degradation tests under solar light irradiation. The composite catalysts with an Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂-SiO₂ ratio of 1:1.6 wt% show better catalytic activity towards both rhodamine B and methylene blue degradation and compared with the results with uncoated TiO₂-SiO₂ microspheres and the benchmark commercial TiO₂ (Evonik-P25) as a reference. The composite photocatalyst showed exceptional efficiency compared to its pristine counterparts and reference material. This is explained as having a higher surface area with optimum light absorption capacity.