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Klausen SJ, Falck-Ytter AB, Strætkvern KO, Martin C. Evaluation of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and the Saccharification of Cellulose as a Route for the Valorization of Spent Mushroom Substrate. Molecules 2023; 28:5140. [PMID: 37446802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds and cellulose saccharification are potential directions for the valorization of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). Therefore, investigating the suitability of different extraction methods for recovering bioactive compounds from SMS and how the extraction affects the enzymatic saccharification is of uppermost relevance. In this work, bioactive compounds were extracted from Pleurotus spp. SMS using four extraction methods. For Soxhlet extraction (SoE), a 40:60 ethanol/water mixture gave the highest extraction efficiency (EE) (69.9-71.1%) among the seven solvent systems assayed. Reflux extraction with 40:60 ethanol/water increased the extraction yield and EE compared to SoE. A shorter reflux time yielded a higher extraction of carbohydrates than SoE, while a longer time was more effective for extracting phenolics. The extracts from 240 min of reflux had comparable antioxidant activity (0.3-0.5 mM GAE) with that achieved for SoE. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) at 65 °C for 60 min allowed an EE (~82%) higher than that achieved by either reflux for up to 150 min or SoE. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) at 150 °C resulted in the best extraction parameters among all the tested methods. Vanillic acid and chlorogenic acid were the primary phenolic acids identified in the extracts. A good correlation between the concentration of caffeic acid and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was found. Saccharification tests revealed an enhancement of the enzymatic digestibility of SMS cellulose after the extraction of bioactive compounds. The findings of this initial study provide indications on new research directions for maximizing the recovery of bioactive compounds and fermentable sugars from SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Klausen
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
| | | | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
| | - Carlos Martin
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2317 Hamar, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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2
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Urcan AC, Criste AD, Szanto KI, Ștefan R, Zahan M, Muscă AS, Focsan M, Burtescu RF, Olah NK. Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Bee Bread Extracts. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1797. [PMID: 37513984 PMCID: PMC10383293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee bread (BB) is a fermented mixture of bee pollen, is rich in proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, as well as other bioactive compounds, and is considered functional food for humans. In this study, we explored an innovative green synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles, using BB extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. A preliminary chemical characterization of the BB extracts was conducted. The plasmonic response of the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles (BB-AgNPs) was evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, while their hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential were investigated by dynamic light spectroscopy (DLS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis pointed out polydisperse NPs with quasi-spherical shapes. The newly synthesized nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity against the tested free radicals, DPPH, ABTS•+, and FRAP, the best results being obtained in the case of ABTS•+. BB-AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial activity on the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains: herein S. aureus, B. cereus, E. faecalis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, and on yeast C. albicans, respectively. The inhibition diameters varied between 7.67 ± 0.59 and 22.21 ± 1.06 mm, while the values obtained for minimum inhibitory concentration varied between 0.39 and 6.25 µg/mL. In vitro antiproliferative activity was tested on colon adenocarcinoma, ATCC HTB-37 cell line, and the results have shown that the green synthetized BB-AgNPs induced a substantial decrease in tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 ranging from 24.58 to 67.91 µg/mL. Consequently, more investigation is required to comprehend the processes of the cytotoxicity of AgNPs and develop strategies to mitigate their potentially harmful effects while harnessing their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cristina Urcan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Dalila Criste
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karina Ioana Szanto
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Zahan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Sebastiana Muscă
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Neli Kinga Olah
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Vasile Goldiş" Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
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Loshchinina EA, Vetchinkina EP, Kupryashina MA. Diversity of Biogenic Nanoparticles Obtained by the Fungi-Mediated Synthesis: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 8:biomimetics8010001. [PMID: 36648787 PMCID: PMC9844505 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are very promising biological objects for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles using different mycological cultures and substances obtained from them is a promising, easy and environmentally friendly method. By varying the synthesis conditions, the same culture can be used to produce nanoparticles with different sizes, shapes, stability in colloids and, therefore, different biological activity. Fungi are capable of producing a wide range of biologically active compounds and have a powerful enzymatic system that allows them to form nanoparticles of various chemical elements. This review attempts to summarize and provide a comparative analysis of the currently accumulated data, including, among others, our research group's works, on the variety of the characteristics of the nanoparticles produced by various fungal species, their mycelium, fruiting bodies, extracts and purified fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena P. Vetchinkina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8452-970-444 or +7-8452-970-383; Fax: +7-8452-970-383
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Süfer Ö, Çelik ZD, Bozok F. Influences of Some Aromatic Plants on Volatile Compounds and Bioactivity of Cultivated Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus djamor. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200462. [PMID: 36322054 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two edible Pleurotus species, namely, Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus djamor grown in the media of mulberry shavings which were substituted with myrtle, bay laurel, and rosemary leaves were studied. According to volatile profiles, 13 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 7 alcohols, 5 aromatic compounds and 4 terpenes were totally identified. Rosemary leaves were very effective for decreasing the concentrations of some oxidation products in Pleurotus citrinopileatus, but the same impact was not seen in Pleurotus djamor. The high amount of benzaldehyde (41.80 %) detected in bay laurel medium might have played a role in preventing bioactivity. Control Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus djamor had a total phenolic content of 4284.89 and 3080.04 mg GAE per kg DM, respectively, and the enrichment of composts with aromatic plant leaves caused significant differences in Pleurotus djamor (p<0.05). Myrtle addition increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (by DPPH and FRAP assays) of Pleurotus djamor mushroom as 342.29 mg GAE/kg DM, 0.43 μmol TE/g DM and 2.07 μmol TE/g DM, respectively, when compared to intact one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Süfer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Dilan Çelik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Fuat Bozok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Türkiye
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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Mushrooms: A Crucial Dimension for Sustainable Soil Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the main component in the agroecosystem besides water, microbial communities, and cultivated plants. Several problems face soil, including soil pollution, erosion, salinization, and degradation on a global level. Many approaches have been applied to overcome these issues, such as phyto-, bio-, and nanoremediation through different soil management tools. Mushrooms can play a vital role in the soil through bio-nanoremediation, especially under the biological synthesis of nanoparticles, which could be used in the bioremediation process. This review focuses on the green synthesis of nanoparticles using mushrooms and the potential of bio-nanoremediation for polluted soils. The distinguished roles of mushrooms of soil improvement are considered a crucial dimension for sustainable soil management, which may include controlling soil erosion, improving soil aggregates, increasing soil organic matter content, enhancing the bioavailability of soil nutrients, and resorting to damaged and/or polluted soils. The field of bio-nanoremediation using mushrooms still requires further investigation, particularly regarding the sustainable management of soils.
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Parmar S, Kaur H, Singh J, Matharu AS, Ramakrishna S, Bechelany M. Recent Advances in Green Synthesis of Ag NPs for Extenuating Antimicrobial Resistance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1115. [PMID: 35407234 PMCID: PMC9000675 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an on-going global grand challenge, as recognized by several UN Sustainable Development Goals. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are well-known for their efficacy against antimicrobial resistance, and a plethora of green synthesis methodologies now exist in the literature. Herein, this review evaluates recent advances in biological approaches for Ag NPs, and their antimicrobial potential of Ag NPs with mechanisms of action are explored deeply. Moreover, short and long-term potential toxic effects of Ag NPs on animals, the environment, and human health are briefly discussed. Finally, we also provide a summary of the current state of the research and future challenges on a biologically mediated Ag-nanostructures-based effective platform for alleviating AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simerjeet Parmar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, India; (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Harwinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, India; (S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Jagpreet Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Avtar Singh Matharu
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Green Biotechnology of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus L.): A Sustainable Strategy for Myco-Remediation and Bio-Fermentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of biotechnology presents us with a great chance to use many organisms, such as mushrooms, to find suitable solutions for issues that include the accumulation of agro-wastes in the environment. The green biotechnology of mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.) includes the myco-remediation of polluted soil and water as well as bio-fermentation. The circular economy approach could be effectively achieved by using oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus L.), of which the substrate of their cultivation is considered as a vital source for producing biofertilizers, animal feeds, bioenergy, and bio-remediators. Spent mushroom substrate is also considered a crucial source for many applications, including the production of enzymes (e.g., manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase) and bioethanol. The sustainable management of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and non-food industries) could reduce, reuse and recycle using oyster mushrooms. This review aims to focus on the biotechnological applications of the oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus L.) concerning the field of the myco-remediation of pollutants and the bio-fermentation of agro-industrial wastes as a sustainable approach to environmental protection. This study can open new windows onto the green synthesis of metal-nanoparticles, such as nano-silver, nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO. More investigations are needed concerning the new biotechnological approaches.
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Mustafa F, Chopra H, Baig AA, Avula SK, Kumari S, Mohanta TK, Saravanan M, Mishra AK, Sharma N, Mohanta YK. Edible Mushrooms as Novel Myco-Therapeutics: Effects on Lipid Level, Obesity and BMI. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:211. [PMID: 35205965 PMCID: PMC8880354 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, usually indicated by a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2, is a worsening global health issue. It leads to chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Conventional treatments for obesity include physical activity and maintaining a negative energy balance. However, physical activity alone cannot determine body weight as several other factors play a role in the overall energy balance. Alternatively, weight loss may be achieved by medication and surgery. However, these options can be expensive or have side effects. Therefore, dietary factors, including dietary modifications, nutraceutical preparations, and functional foods have been investigated recently. For example, edible mushrooms have beneficial effects on human health. Polysaccharides (essentially β-D-glucans), chitinous substances, heteroglycans, proteoglycans, peptidoglycans, alkaloids, lactones, lectins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, terpenes, phenols, nucleotides, glycoproteins, proteins, amino acids, antimicrobials, and minerals are the major bioactive compounds in these mushrooms. These bioactive compounds have chemo-preventive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Consumption of edible mushrooms reduces plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and plasma glucose levels. Polysaccharides from edible mushrooms suppress mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, contributing to their anti-obesity properties. Therefore, edible mushrooms or their active ingredients may help prevent obesity and other chronic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Mustafa
- School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54782, Pakistan;
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (S.K.A.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Sony Kumari
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India;
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (S.K.A.); (T.K.M.)
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 8541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal 795001, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India;
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López‐Hortas L, Flórez‐Fernández N, Torres MD, Domínguez H. Update on potential of edible mushrooms: high‐value compounds, extraction strategies and bioactive properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López‐Hortas
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
| | - Noelia Flórez‐Fernández
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
| | - María D. Torres
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO Chemical Engineering Department University of Vigo (Campus Ourense) Polytechnic Building, As Lagoas Ourense 32004 Spain
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Fakher SN, Kashi FJ. Microbial Synthesized Ag/AgCl Nanoparticles Using Staphylococcus pasteuri sp. nov., ZAR1: Antimutagenicity, Antimicrobial Agent. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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