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An J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, He M, Zhou J, Zhou J, Liu Y, Chen X, Hu Y, Song X, Chen J, Wu T, Kang J, Xie Z. Structure and Properties of Epoxy Resin/Graphene Oxide Composites Prepared from Silicon Dioxide-Modified Graphene Oxide. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17577-17591. [PMID: 38645374 PMCID: PMC11024974 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was modified via electrostatic interactions and chemical grafting by silica (SiO2), and two SiO2@GO hybrids (GO-A and GO-B, respectively) with different structures were obtained and carefully characterized. Results confirmed the successful grafting of SiO2 onto the GO surface using both strategies. The distribution of SiO2 particles on the surface of GO-A was denser and more agglomerated, while it was more uniform on the surface of GO-B. Then, epoxy resin (EP)/GO composites were prepared. The curing mechanism of EP/GO composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and in situ infrared spectra spectroscopy. Results of tensile tests, hardness tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, and dielectric measurement revealed that EP/GO-B exhibited the highest tensile properties, with a tensile strength of 79 MPa, a 43% increase compared to raw EP. Furthermore, the addition of fillers improved the hardness of EP, and EP/GO-B showed the highest energy storage modulus of 1900 MPa. The inclusion of SiO2@GO hybrid fillers enhanced the dielectric constant, volume resistivity, and breakdown voltage of EP/GO composites. Among these, EP/GO-B displayed the lowest dielectric loss, relatively good insulation, and relatively high volume resistivity and breakdown voltage. A related mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
| | - Mingpeng He
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yiwen Hu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Xiuduo Song
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
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Cemaloğlu R, Asmafiliz N, Çoşut B, Kılıç Z, Sabah BN, Açık L, Mergen H, Hökelek T. Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds: Part 69—Unsymmetrical dispiro(N/N)cyclotriphosphazenes containing different pendant arms: syntheses, characterization, stereogenism, photophysical and bioactivity studies. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-04984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Wang R, Zheng P, Li J, Sun J, Liu H, Li X, Liu Q. An Efficient Cross-Linked Phosphorus-Free Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37170-37179. [PMID: 36312400 PMCID: PMC9608374 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins (EPs) have been widely used due to their great physical and chemical properties, but their poor flame retardancy limits their further application. In this work, we synthesized a flame retardant containing nitrile groups and a double bond to improve the flame retardancy of EPs. In this way, multiple cross-linking reactions can occur in the EPs to confer better flame retardancy by a simple heat treatment. The UL-94 vertical combustion test, CCT, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test were used to characterize the flame retardant properties of the cross-linked flame retardant; the results show that with the 10 wt % addition of cross-linked flame retardant, the thermosets can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. Meanwhile, the contents reached 20 wt %, and the peak heat release rate decreased 40% compared with neat EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Penglun Zheng
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Junwei Li
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Huaiyin Liu
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
| | - Xue Li
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College
of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil
Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
- Civil
Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618307, China
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Dagdag O, Hsissou R, Safi Z, Hamed O, Jodeh S, Haldhar R, Verma C, Ebenso EE, El Bachiri A, El Gouri M. Viscosity of epoxy resins based on aromatic diamines, glucose, bisphenolic and bio-based derivatives: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhi M, Yang X, Fan R, Yue S, Zheng L, Liu Q, He Y. A comprehensive review of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resin: fundamentals, recent developments, and perspectives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dagdag O, Berisha A, Mehmeti V, Haldhar R, Berdimurodov E, Hamed O, Jodeh S, Lgaz H, Sherif ESM, Ebenso EE. Epoxy coating as effective anti-corrosive polymeric material for aluminum alloys: Formulation, electrochemical and computational approaches. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jeevananthan V, Shanmugan S. Halogen-free layered double hydroxide-cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate flame retardants: effects of cyclotriphosphazene di, tetra and hexacarboxylate intercalation on layered double hydroxides against the combustible epoxy resin coated on wood substrates. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23322-23336. [PMID: 36090417 PMCID: PMC9380775 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02586h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of halogen-free flame retardants as environmentally friendly and renewable materials for heat and fire-resistant applications in the field of electronics is important to ensure safety measures. In this regard, we have proposed a simple and halogen-free strategy for the synthesis of flame retardant LDH-PN materials to decrease the fire hazards of epoxy resin (EP), via a co-precipitation reaction between Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 and the subsequent incorporation of different cyclotriphosphazene (PN) carboxylate anions. The cyclotriphosphazene-based di, tetra and hexacarboxylate-intercalated layered double hydroxides are designated as LDH-PN-DC, LDH-PN-TC and LDH-PN-HC, respectively. Furthermore, the intercalation of cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate anions into the LDH layers was confirmed by PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, solid-state 31P NMR, nitrogen adsorption and desorption analysis (BET), HR-SEM and XPS. Evaluation of the flame retardant (vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index) properties was demonstrated by formulating the LDH-PN materials with epoxy resin (EP) in different ratios coated on wood substrates to achieve the desired behaviour of the EP/LDH-PN composites. Structure–property analysis reveals that EP/LDH-PN-TC-20 wt% and EP/LDH-PN-HC-20 wt% achieved a V0 rating in the UL-94 V test and achieved higher LOI values (27.7 vol% for EP/LDH-PN-TC-20 wt% and 29 vol% for EP/LDH-PN-HC-20 wt%) compared to the epoxy-coated wood substrate (23.2 vol%), whereas EP/LDH-PN-DC failed in the vertical burning test for various weight percentages of LDH-PN-DC from 5 wt% to 20 wt% in the composites, with a lower LOI value of 22.1 vol%. Excellent flame retardancy was observed for EP/LDH-PN-TC and EP/LDH-PN-HC due to the presence of more binding sites of carboxylate anions in the LDH layers and less or no spiro groups in cyclotriphosphazene compared to that in EP/LDH-PN-DC. In addition, the synergistic flame retardant effect of the combination of LDH and cyclotriphosphazene on the epoxy resin composites remains very effective in creating a non-volatile protective film on the surface of the wood substrate to shelter it from air, absorb the heat and increase the ignition time, which prevents the supply of oxygen during the combustion process. The results of this study show that the proposed strategy for designing flame-retardant properties represents the state-of-the-art, competent coating of inorganic materials for the protection and functionalization of wood substrates. The flame retardant properties of the different types of cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate-intercalated LDH materials are emphasized by increasing the number of binding sites and decreasing the number of spiro groups in the cyclotriphosphazene core.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Velusamy Jeevananthan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Shanmugan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rheological and simulation for macromolecular matrix epoxy bi-functional aromatic amines. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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