1
|
Shaha CK, Mahmud MAA, Saha S, Karmaker S, Saha TK. Efficient removal of sparfloxacin antibiotic from water using sulfonated graphene oxide: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and environmental implications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33644. [PMID: 39040378 PMCID: PMC11261116 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical contamination poses a significant threat to global health. Due to their high solubility in water, antibiotics are difficult to remove. This study produced and used sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) to adsorb sparfloxacin from aquatic environments. UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, particle size, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and acid-base titration were used to characterize synthesized SGO particles. The BET technique determined SGO's surface area (32.25 m2/g). The calculated pHPZC of SGO was 2.5. Sparfloxacin adsorption onto SGO was analyzed using adsorption duration, medium pH, adsorbent dosages, antibiotic concentration, cations, and solution temperature. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better described experimental kinetic data than the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models. Equilibrium isotherm data supported the Langmuir model, revealing a peak absorption capacity of 1428.57 μmol/g at 25 °C. The kinetic and isotherm models' applicability was assessed using error analysis. A thermodynamic analysis revealed an endothermic, spontaneous adsorption process with a change in entropy (ΔS) of 114.15 J/mol K and enthalpy (ΔH) of 8.44 kJ/mol. A regeneration analysis showed that SGO adsorption efficiency topped 86.4 % after five cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chironjit Kumar Shaha
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Gonokbari, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Subarna Karmaker
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Kumar Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yasmin S, Azam MG, Hossain MS, Akhtar US, Kabir MH. Efficient removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution using Zn-C battery derived graphene oxide enhanced by hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and π-π interaction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33317. [PMID: 39022076 PMCID: PMC11253669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) derived from waste Zinc-Carbon (Zn-C) batteries was proposed for the efficient removal of antibiotics from the aqueous solution. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic was selected as a typical contaminants. GO was prepared via an economical and environment-friendly route by using carbon rods from waste Zn-C batteries as the precursor. Characterization techniques were applied to determine the properties of as prepared GO. Effects of pH, contact time, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption were explored, and an optimum condition was established. Adsorption equilibrium was established in just 20 min for maximum removal of CIP (99.0%) at pH 5.7 for the adsorbent dose of 20 mg L-1 and at the initial concentration of CIP 2.0 mg L-1. The rapid and efficient removal of CIP was greatly influenced by the electrostatic attractions, pi-pi interactions and hydrogen bonding on the surface and edge of GO which was also proved by density functional theory (DFT). Langmuir model showed the best fit among the isotherm models and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 419.62 mg g-1 at 30°C. The kinetic studies also revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption was evaluated in thermodynamic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Yasmin
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Azam
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sanwar Hossain
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Sarmeen Akhtar
- Institute of Glass and Ceramic Research and Testing (IGCRT), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan P, Saha R, Halder G. Towards sorptive eradication of pharmaceutical micro-pollutant ciprofloxacin from aquatic environment: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170723. [PMID: 38340867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely prioritized pharmaceuticals frequently adopted in medication for addressing numerous ailments of humans and animals. However, the non-judicious disposal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) with concentration levels exceeding threshold limit in an aqueous environment has been the matter of growing concern nowadays. CIP is found in various waterways with appreciable mobility due to its limited decay in solidified form. Hence, the effective eradication strategy of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory antibiotic from aqueous media is pivotal for preventing the users and the biosphere from their hazardous impacts. Reportedly several customary techniques like reverse osmosis, precipitation, cross-filtration, nano-filtration, ion exchange, microbial remediation, and adsorption have been employed to eliminate CIP from water. Out of them, adsorption is ascertained to be a potential method because of lesser preliminary investment costs, ease of operation, greater efficiency, less energy usage, reduced chemical and biological slurry production, and ready availability of precursor materials. Towards remediation of ciprofloxacin-laden water, plenty of researchers have used different adsorbents. However, the present-day challenge is opting the promising sorbent and its application towards industrial scale-up which is vital to get reviewed. In this article, adsorbents of diverse origins are reviewed in terms of their performances in CIP removal. The review stresses the impact of various factors on sorptive assimilation of CIP, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, mechanism of ionic interaction, contrivances for CIP detection, cost estimation and reusability assessments of adsorbents also that may endorse the next-generation investigators to decide the efficacious, environmental appealing and cost-competitive adsorbents for effective riddance of CIP from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Khan
- Centre for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Saha
- Centre for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Centre for Research on Environment and Water, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huynh NC, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Production of MgFe 2O 4/activated carbons derived from a harmful grass Cynodon dactylon and their utilization for ciprofloxacin removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:139891. [PMID: 37604337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Cynodon dactylon, an invasive species, exhibits its robust adaptability, reproduction and nutrient regime against the local species. Taking advantage of this harmful grass as a raw precursor to produce valuable materials for wastewater treatment has paid much attention. Herein, we report on the fabrication of Cynodom dactylon derived MgFe2O4@AC with a main goal of effective removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic from water. Our findings showed that MgFe2O4@ACK1 composites attained mesoporous textures, high specific surface areas (884.3-991.6 m2 g-1), and MgFe2O4-20%@ACK1 was the most effective with a very high removal efficiency of 96.7%. The Elovich model was suitable for describing the kinetic of adsorption with (Radj)2 of 0.9988. Meanwhile, the isotherm data obeyed the Langmuir model corresponding to (Radj)2 of 0.9993. Qmax value of MgFe2O4-20%@ACK1 was determined at 211.67 mg g-1. The proposed adsorption mechanism primarily comprises five routes as follows, (i) pore-filling, (ii) π-π interaction, (iii) electrostatic interaction, (iv) hydrogen bonding, and (v) hydrophobic interaction. MgFe2O4-20%@ACK1 adsorbent could reuse with three cycles. We recommend that MgFe2O4/ACs derived from Cynodom dactylon could be high-efficiency adsorbents for the elimination of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Chi Huynh
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Processing, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nkoh JN, Oderinde O, Etafo NO, Kifle GA, Okeke ES, Ejeromedoghene O, Mgbechidinma CL, Oke EA, Raheem SA, Bakare OC, Ogunlaja OO, Sindiku O, Oladeji OS. Recent perspective of antibiotics remediation: A review of the principles, mechanisms, and chemistry controlling remediation from aqueous media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163469. [PMID: 37061067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution is an ever-growing concern that affects the growth of plants and the well-being of animals and humans. Research on antibiotics remediation from aqueous media has grown over the years and previous reviews have highlighted recent advances in antibiotics remediation technologies, perspectives on antibiotics ecotoxicity, and the development of antibiotic-resistant genes. Nevertheless, the relationship between antibiotics solution chemistry, remediation technology, and the interactions between antibiotics and adsorbents at the molecular level is still elusive. Thus, this review summarizes recent literature on antibiotics remediation from aqueous media and the adsorption perspective. The review discusses the principles, mechanisms, and solution chemistry of antibiotics and how they affect remediation and the type of adsorbents used for antibiotic adsorption processes. The literature analysis revealed that: (i) Although antibiotics extraction and detection techniques have evolved from single-substrate-oriented to multi-substrates-oriented detection technologies, antibiotics pollution remains a great danger to the environment due to its trace level; (ii) Some of the most effective antibiotic remediation technologies are still at the laboratory scale. Thus, upscaling these technologies to field level will require funding, which brings in more constraints and doubts patterning to whether the technology will achieve the same performance as in the laboratory; and (iii) Adsorption technologies remain the most affordable for antibiotic remediation. However, the recent trends show more focus on developing high-end adsorbents which are expensive and sometimes less efficient compared to existing adsorbents. Thus, more research needs to focus on developing cheaper and less complex adsorbents from readily available raw materials. This review will be beneficial to stakeholders, researchers, and public health professionals for the efficient management of antibiotics for a refined decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Olayinka Oderinde
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Nelson Oshogwue Etafo
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Ing. J. Cárdenas Valdez S/N Republica, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ghebretensae Aron Kifle
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Mai Nefhi College of Science, National Higher Education and Research Institute, Asmara 12676, Eritrea
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P.O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Onome Ejeromedoghene
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211189, PR China
| | - Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Development Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State 200243, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A Oke
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Saheed Abiola Raheem
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Omonike Christianah Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo Sindiku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Sunday Oladeji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Optimization of ferrous iron removal conditions by freezing from industrial titanyl sulfate solution for high purity TiO2 preparation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
|
7
|
Hu Y, Liu S, Qiu M, Zheng X, Peng X, Dai H, Hu F, Xu L, Xu G, Zhu Y, Guo R. Lysine-functionalized layered double hydroxides for the antibiotics’ efficient removal: Controllable fabrication via BBD model and removing mechanism. Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2023.111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
|
8
|
Sekar S, Panchu SE, Kolanthai E, Subbaraya NK. Enhanced fluoride adsorption and regeneration efficiency of cross-linker-free mesoporous hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposites. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Teixeira RA, Lima EC, Benetti AD, Thue PS, Lima DR, Sher F, Dos Reis GS, Rabiee N, Seliem MK, Abatal M. Composite of methyl polysiloxane and avocado biochar as adsorbent for removal of ciprofloxacin from waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74823-74840. [PMID: 35641743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two carbon composite materials were prepared by mixing avocado biochar and methyl polysiloxane (MK). Firstly, MK was dissolved in ethanol, and then the biochar was added at different times. In sample 1 (R1), the time of adding biochar was immediately after dissolving MK in ethanol, and in sample 2 (R2), after 48 h of MK dissolved in ethanol. The samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements obtaining specific surface areas (SBET) of 115 m2 g-1 (R1) and 580 m2 g-1 (R2). The adsorbents were further characterized using scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, adsorption of vapors of n-heptane and water, thermal analysis, Bohem titration, pHpzc, and C H N elemental analysis. R1 and R2 adsorbents were employed as adsorbents to remove the antibiotic ciprofloxacin from the waters. The t1/2 and t0.95 based on the interpolation of Avrami fractional-order were 20.52 and 246.4 min (R1) and 14.00 and 157.6 min (R2), respectively. Maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) based on the Liu isotherm were 10.77 (R1) and 63.80 mg g-1 (R2) for ciprofloxacin. The thermodynamic studies showed a spontaneous and exothermic process for both samples, and the value of ΔH° is compatible with physical adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Hydraulic Research Institute (IPH), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, RS, Postal Box, 15003, Porto Alegre, ZIP 91501-970, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 91501-970, Brazil.
- Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M), School of Engineering, Graduate Program in Mine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antônio D Benetti
- Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Hydraulic Research Institute (IPH), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pascal S Thue
- Graduate Program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, ZIP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Diana R Lima
- Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M), School of Engineering, Graduate Program in Mine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Glaydson S Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biomass Technology Centre, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Moaaz K Seliem
- Faculty of Earth Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abatal
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, C.P. 24153, Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Graphene oxide/Mg-Zn-Al layered double hydroxide for efficient removal of doxycycline from water: Taguchi approach for optimization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
El-Saeed RA, Hosny R, Mubarak MF, Abdou MM, Shoueir KR. An innovative SiO2-pyrazole nanocomposite for Zn (II) and Cr (III) ions effective adsorption andanti-sulfate-reducing bacteria from the produced oilfield water. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
Preparation of SiNWs/rGO/CuO Nanocomposites as Effective Photocatalyst for Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Assisted with Peroxymonosulfate. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|