Inspection of Radiation Shielding Proficiency and Effect of Gamma-Ray on ESR and Thermal Characteristics of Copper Oxide Modified Borate Bioglasses

An extensive assessment of the impacts of BaO on the mechanical and gamma-ray attenuation properties of lead borosilicate glass

The current work deals with the synthesis of a new glass series with a chemical formula of 5Al2O3-25PbO-10SiO2-(60-x) B2O3-xBaO; x was represented as 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol%. The FT-IR spectroscopy was used to present the structural modification by rising the BaO concentration within the synthesized glasses. Furthermore, the impacts of BaO substitution for B2O3 on the fabricated borosilicate glasses were investigated using the Makishima-Mackenzie model. Besides, the role of BaO in enhancing the gamma-ray shielding properties of the fabricated boro-silicate glasses was examined utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation. The mechanical properties evaluation depicts a reduction in the mechanical moduli (Young, bulk, shear, and longitudinal) by the rising of the Ba/B ratio in the fabricated glasses. Simultaneously, the micro-hardness boro-silicate glasses was reduced from 4.49 to 4.12 GPa by increasing the Ba2+/B3+ ratio from 0.58 to 3.18, respectively. In contrast, the increase in the Ba/B ratio increases the linear attenuation coefficient, where it is enhanced between 0.409 and 0.448 cm-1 by rising the Ba2+/B3+ ratio from 0.58 to 3.18, respectively. The enhancement in linear attenuation coefficient decreases the half-value thickness from 1.69 to 1.55 cm and the equivalent thickness of lead is also reduced from 3.04 to 2.78 cm, at a gamma-ray energy of 0.662 MeV. The study shows that the increase in the Ba2+/B3+ ratio enhances the radiation shielding capacity of the fabricated glasses however, it slightly degrades the mechanical properties of the fabricated glasses. Therefore, glasses with high ratios of Ba2+/B3+ have high gamma-ray shielding ability to be used in hospitals as a shielding material.

Optimizing gamma radiation shielding with cobalt-titania hybrid nanomaterials

Cobalt-doped titania nanocomposites were fabricated to be utilized for radiation shielding aims. The chemical composition of the composites was measured using the energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Moreover, the structure of the composites was evaluated using the X-ray diffractometer, and the morphology of the fabricated composites was presented using the scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the γ-ray shielding properties were estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation between 0.059 and 2.506 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient of the fabricated composites decreased by factors of 93% for all samples by raising the incident γ-energy between 0.059 and 2.506 MeV. Moreover, the partial replacement of the Ti⁴⁺ by Co³⁺ slightly enhanced the linear attenuation coefficient from 0.607 to 0.630 cm^-1 when the Co³⁺ increased from 0 to 3.7 wt%. The improvement in the linear attenuation coefficient causes an enhancement in other radiation shielding properties.

Structural, optical, and cytotoxicity studies of laser irradiated ZnO doped borate bioactive glasses

Borate glasses (BG) doped with different amounts of ZnO (0-0.6 mol%) were formed by the traditional melt quenching technique. The different glasses so made were characterized using different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV-Vis absorption optical properties. The XRD patterns showed an amorphous structure with one broad peak at 2θ = 29°, while the phonons bands were studied in terms of the FTIR bands. Optical properties of the glasses were studied using UV-Vis absorption spectra in the range 190-1100 nm, in which the prominent band lies at about 261.5 nm of peak position, from which the bandgab (E_g) was calculated from its edge using Tauc's plot, with E_g ~ 3.5 eV. The laser irradiation showed no significant changes in the absorption bands, despite a significant change observed in the amorphous behavior in the XRD pattern. The cell viability was performed for two samples of the BG and 0.6 mol% ZnO doped using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. The result showed better cell viability and low toxicity. So, ZnO doped BG can be used in various biomedical applications.

Effect of gamma rays on Zn/Cu doped strontium borate glass system for dosimetric applications

Two alkali strontium borate glasses containing Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions (0.15 mol%) has been prepared by melting annealing method. Some of the glasses dosimetric measurements have been performed; they were checked by ultraviolet-visible light measurement showing the specific peaks of Cu+/Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. Upon γ-rays, glasses are sensitive to the absorbed dose in the range 0.4–15 kGy, revealing their light absorption. A gradual decrease in optical absorbance and DC electrical conductivity was detected with progressive irradiation. While a gradual increase in optical energy bandgap (Eopt) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was observed. The presence of transition metal ion (TM) with their variable configurations helps to trap the radiolytic electrons or holes during the color center recovery rates. UV–Vis and EPR dosimetric characteristics have high color stability with excellent short and long-term stability revealing their possible use as glass dosimeters in medical sterilization and food irradiation processing.