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Upadhyay R, Golubev DS, Chang YC, Thomas G, Guthrie A, Peltonen JT, Pekola JP. Microwave quantum diode. Nat Commun 2024; 15:630. [PMID: 38245544 PMCID: PMC10799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The fragile nature of quantum circuits is a major bottleneck to scalable quantum applications. Operating at cryogenic temperatures, quantum circuits are highly vulnerable to amplifier backaction and external noise. Non-reciprocal microwave devices such as circulators and isolators are used for this purpose. These devices have a considerable footprint in cryostats, limiting the scalability of quantum circuits. As a proof-of-concept, here we report a compact microwave diode architecture, which exploits the non-linearity of a superconducting flux qubit. At the qubit degeneracy point we experimentally demonstrate a significant difference between the power levels transmitted in opposite directions. The observations align with the proposed theoretical model. At - 99 dBm input power, and near the qubit-resonator avoided crossing region, we report the transmission rectification ratio exceeding 90% for a 50 MHz wide frequency range from 6.81 GHz to 6.86 GHz, and over 60% for the 250 MHz range from 6.67 GHz to 6.91 GHz. The presented architecture is compact, and easily scalable towards multiple readout channels, potentially opening up diverse opportunities in quantum information, microwave read-out and optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Upadhyay
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Dmitry S Golubev
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - George Thomas
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 3, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Andrew Guthrie
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Joonas T Peltonen
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jukka P Pekola
- Pico group, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076, Aalto, Finland
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Kokkoniemi R, Ollikainen T, Lake RE, Saarenpää S, Tan KY, Kokkala JI, Dağ CB, Govenius J, Möttönen M. Flux-tunable phase shifter for microwaves. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14713. [PMID: 29116119 PMCID: PMC5676951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a magnetic-flux-tunable phase shifter for propagating microwave photons, based on three equidistant superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) on a transmission line. We experimentally implement the phase shifter and demonstrate that it produces a broad range of phase shifts and full transmission within the experimental uncertainty. Together with previously demonstrated beam splitters, this phase shifter can be utilized to implement arbitrary single-qubit gates for qubits based on propagating microwave photons. These results complement previous demonstrations of on-demand single-photon sources and detectors, and hence assist in the pursuit of an all-microwave quantum computer based on propagating photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roope Kokkoniemi
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Ollikainen
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Russell E Lake
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, 80305, USA
| | - Sakari Saarenpää
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kuan Y Tan
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Janne I Kokkala
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Ceren B Dağ
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1040, USA
| | - Joonas Govenius
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikko Möttönen
- QCD Labs, COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
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