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Quenneville J, Feghaly A, Tual M, Thomas K, Major F, Gagnon E. Long-term severe hypoxia adaptation induces non-canonical EMT and a novel Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) isoform. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1237-1250. [PMID: 38977895 PMCID: PMC11327107 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The majority of cancer deaths are caused by solid tumors, where the four most prevalent cancers (breast, lung, colorectal and prostate) account for more than 60% of all cases (1). Tumor cell heterogeneity driven by variable cancer microenvironments, such as hypoxia, is a key determinant of therapeutic outcome. We developed a novel culture protocol, termed the Long-Term Hypoxia (LTHY) time course, to recapitulate the gradual development of severe hypoxia seen in vivo to mimic conditions observed in primary tumors. Cells subjected to LTHY underwent a non-canonical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) based on miRNA and mRNA signatures as well as displayed EMT-like morphological changes. Concomitant to this, we report production of a novel truncated isoform of WT1 transcription factor (tWt1), a non-canonical EMT driver, with expression driven by a yet undescribed intronic promoter through hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs). We further demonstrated that tWt1 initiates translation from an intron-derived start codon, retains proper subcellular localization and DNA binding. A similar tWt1 is also expressed in LTHY-cultured human cancer cell lines as well as primary cancers and predicts long-term patient survival. Our study not only demonstrates the importance of culture conditions that better mimic those observed in primary cancers, especially with regards to hypoxia, but also identifies a novel isoform of WT1 which correlates with poor long-term survival in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Quenneville
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Albert Feghaly
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaux Tual
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kiersten Thomas
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Major
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Orang A, Marri S, McKinnon RA, Petersen J, Michael MZ. Restricting Colorectal Cancer Cell Metabolism with Metformin: An Integrated Transcriptomics Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2055. [PMID: 38893174 PMCID: PMC11171104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes as it disrupts cellular metabolism. Despite the association between metformin and lower cancer incidence, the anti-tumour activity of the drug in colorectal cancer (CRC) is incompletely understood. This study identifies underlying molecular mechanisms by which metformin slows colorectal cancer cell proliferation by investigating metformin-associated microRNA (miRNA) and target gene pairs implicated in signalling pathways. METHODS The present study analysed changes in miRNAs and the coding transcriptome in CRC cells treated with a sublethal dose of metformin, followed by the contextual validation of potential miRNA-target gene pairs. RESULTS Analyses of small RNA and transcriptome sequencing data revealed 104 miRNAs and 1221 mRNAs to be differentially expressed in CRC cells treated with metformin for 72 h. Interaction networks between differentially expressed miRNAs and putative target mRNAs were identified. Differentially expressed genes were mainly implicated in metabolism and signalling processes, such as the PI3K-Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. Further validation of potential miRNA-target mRNA pairs revealed that metformin induced miR-2110 and miR-132-3p to target PIK3R3 and, consequently, regulate CRC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Metformin also induced miR-222-3p and miR-589-3p, which directly target STMN1 to inhibit CRC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS This study identified novel changes in the coding transcriptome and small non-coding RNAs associated with metformin treatment of CRC cells. Integration of these datasets highlighted underlying mechanisms by which metformin impedes cell proliferation in CRC. Importantly, it identified the post-transcriptional regulation of specific genes that impact both metabolism and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Orang
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Z. Michael
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; (A.O.); (S.M.); (R.A.M.); (J.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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3
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Barrientos-Toro EN, Ding Q, Raso MG. Translational Aspects in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1433. [PMID: 38611109 PMCID: PMC11011105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare, heterogeneous group of invasive breast carcinomas, which are classified as predominantly triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs; HR-negative/HER2-negative). Histologically, MpBC is classified into six subtypes. Two of these are considered low-grade and the others are high-grade. MpBCs seem to be more aggressive, less responsive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and have higher rates of chemoresistance than other TNBCs. MpBCs have a lower survival rate than expected for TNBCs. MpBC treatment represents a challenge, leading to a thorough exploration of the tumor immune microenvironment, which has recently opened the possibility of new therapeutic strategies. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MpBC is characterized by the loss of intercellular adhesion, downregulation of epithelial markers, underexpression of genes with biological epithelial functions, upregulation of mesenchymal markers, overexpression of genes with biological mesenchymal functions, acquisition of fibroblast-like (spindle) morphology, cytoskeleton reorganization, increased motility, invasiveness, and metastatic capabilities. This article reviews and summarizes the current knowledge and translational aspects of MpBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizve Nairoby Barrientos-Toro
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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4
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Rai B, Srivastava J, Saxena P. The Functional Role of microRNAs and mRNAs in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222412. [PMID: 37867275 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998270983231009094216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of diseases marked by poor control of blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs when pancreatic cells fail to make insulin, which is required to keep blood glucose levels stable, disorders, and so on. High glucose levels in the blood induce diabetic effects, which can cause catastrophic damage to bodily organs such as the eyes and lower extremities. Diabetes is classified into many forms, one of which is controlled by hyperglycemia or Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), and another that is not controlled by hyperglycemia (nondiabetic kidney disease or NDKD) and is caused by other factors such as hypertension, hereditary. DKD is associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure. The disease is characterized by glomerular basement membrane thickening, glomerular sclerosis, and mesangial expansion, resulting in a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate, glomerular hypertension, and renal failure or nephrotic syndrome. It is also represented by some microvascular complications such as nerve ischemia produced by intracellular metabolic changes, microvascular illness, and the direct impact of excessive blood glucose on neuronal activity. Therefore, DKD-induced nephrotic failure is worse than NDKD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important in the development and progression of several diseases, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). These dysregulated miRNAs can impact various cellular processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, all of which are implicated during DKD. MiRNAs can alter the course of DKD by targeting several essential mechanisms. Understanding the miRNAs implicated in DKD and their involvement in disease development might lead to identifying possible therapeutic targets for DKD prevention and therapy. Therefore, this review focuses specifically on DKD-associated DN, as well as how in-silico approaches may aid in improving the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvnesh Rai
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Jyotika Srivastava
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragati Saxena
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Yazdan M, Naghib SM, Mozafari MR. Liposomal Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Progresses. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:896-915. [PMID: 38529608 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206293653240322041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly prevalent disease on a global scale, with a 30% incidence rate among women and a 14% mortality rate. Developing countries bear a disproportionate share of the disease burden, while countries with greater technological advancements exhibit a higher incidence. A mere 7% of women under the age of 40 are diagnosed with breast cancer, and the prevalence of this ailment is significantly diminished among those aged 35 and younger. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical intervention comprise the treatment protocol. However, the ongoing quest for a definitive cure for breast cancer continues. The propensity for cancer stem cells to metastasize and resistance to treatment constitute their Achilles' heel. The advancement of drug delivery techniques that target cancer cells specifically holds significant promise in terms of facilitating timely detection and effective intervention. Novel approaches to pharmaceutical delivery, including nanostructures and liposomes, may bring about substantial changes in the way breast cancer is managed. These systems offer a multitude of advantages, such as heightened bioavailability, enhanced solubility, targeted tumor destruction, and diminished adverse effects. The application of nano-drug delivery systems to administer anti-breast cancer medications is a significant subject of research. This article delves into the domain of breast cancer, conventional treatment methods, the incorporation of nanotechnology into managerial tactics, and strategic approaches aimed at tackling the disease at its core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdan
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - M R Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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6
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Szczepanek J, Tretyn A. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Histone-Modifying Enzymes in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 38002272 PMCID: PMC10669115 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, significant advances in molecular research have provided a deeper understanding of the intricate regulatory mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs, short non-coding RNA sequences, exert substantial influence on gene expression by repressing translation or inducing mRNA degradation. In the context of cancer, miRNA dysregulation is prevalent and closely associated with various stages of carcinogenesis, including initiation, progression, and metastasis. One crucial aspect of the cancer phenotype is the activity of histone-modifying enzymes that govern chromatin accessibility for transcription factors, thus impacting gene expression. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a significant role in modulating these histone-modifying enzymes, leading to significant implications for genes related to proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells. This article provides an overview of current research on the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate the activity of histone-modifying enzymes in the context of cancer. Both direct and indirect mechanisms through which miRNAs influence enzyme expression are discussed. Additionally, potential therapeutic implications arising from miRNA manipulation to selectively impact histone-modifying enzyme activity are presented. The insights from this analysis hold significant therapeutic promise, suggesting the utility of miRNAs as tools for the precise regulation of chromatin-related processes and gene expression. A contemporary focus on molecular regulatory mechanisms opens therapeutic pathways that can effectively influence the control of tumor cell growth and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Marin-Muller C, Li D, Lü JM, Liang Z, Vega-Martínez O, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Fisher WE, Chen C, Yao Q. Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapy with miR-198 Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine Treatment through Downregulation of VCP-Mediated Autophagy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2038. [PMID: 37631252 PMCID: PMC10457905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an extremely aggressive disease characterized by rapidly acquired multi-drug resistance, including to first-line chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. Autophagy is a process that is often exploited by cancer and is one of several intrinsic factors associated with resistance to gemcitabine. We have previously found that miR-198 acts as a tumor suppressor in PDAC through the targeting of factors including Valosin-containing protein (VCP). VCP has been reported to play an important role in autophagic flux. In this study, we investigated whether the repression of VCP through miR-198 administration disrupts the autophagy process and sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment in vitro. Moreover, we used LGA-PEI (LPNP) nanoparticles to effectively administer miR-198 to tumors in vivo, inducing tumor sensitization to gemcitabine and leading to a significant reduction in tumor burden and metastases and a concomitant downregulation of VCP expression and autophagy maturation. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting gemcitabine resistant PDAC and establishes the use of LPNPs for effective therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marin-Muller
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Speratum Biopharma, Inc., Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Jian-Ming Lü
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | | | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William E. Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pugnaloni F, Capolupo I, Patel N, Giliberti P, Dotta A, Bagolan P, Kipfmueller F. Role of microRNAs in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076656. [PMID: 37047629 PMCID: PMC10095389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in modulating several gene expression pathways and have a role both in lung development and function. One of the main pathogenetic determinants in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is directly related to smaller lung size and pulmonary microarchitecture alterations. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of miRNAs in CDH-related PH and to summarize the results covering this topic in animal and human CDH studies. The focus on epigenetic modulators of CDH-PH offers the opportunity to develop innovative diagnostic tools and novel treatment modalities, and provides a great potential to increase researchers’ understanding of the pathophysiology of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Pugnaloni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scietifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Irma Capolupo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scietifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Neil Patel
- Department of Neonatology, The Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Paola Giliberti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scietifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Dotta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scietifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Bagolan
- Area of Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù-Research Institute, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Florian Kipfmueller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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MicroRNA-200c Affects Milk Fat Synthesis by Targeting PANK3 in Ovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415601. [PMID: 36555241 PMCID: PMC9779841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is the foremost nutrient of milk and a vital indicator in evaluating milk quality. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the synthesis of milk fat. The miR-200c is closely related to lipid metabolism, but little is known about its effect on the synthesis of milk fat in MECs of ewes. Herein, the effect of miR-200c on the proliferation of ovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and its target relationship with a predicted target gene were investigated. The regulatory effects of miR-200c on the expression of the target genes and the content of triglycerides in ovine MECs were further analyzed. The results revealed that the expression level of miR-200c was differentially expressed in both eight tissues selected during lactation and in mammary gland tissues at different physiological periods. Overexpression of miR-200c inhibited the viability and proliferation of ovine MECs, while inhibition of miR-200c increased cell viability and promoted the proliferation of ovine MECs. Target gene prediction results indicated that miR-200c would bind the 3'UTR region of pantothenate kinase 3 (PANK3). Overexpression of miR-200c reduced the luciferase activity of PANK3, while inhibition of miR-200c increased its luciferase activity. These findings illustrated that miR-200c could directly interact with the target site of the PANK3. It was further found that overexpression of miR-200c reduced the expression levels of PANK3 and, thus, accelerated the synthesis of triglycerides. In contrary, the inhibitor of miR-200c promoted the expression of PANK3 that, thus, inhibited the synthesis of triglycerides in ovine MECs. Together, these findings revealed that miR-200c promotes the triglycerides synthesis in ovine MECs via increasing the lipid synthesis related genes expression by targeting PANK3.
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de Nóbrega M, Dos Reis MB, Pereira ÉR, de Souza MF, de Syllos Cólus IM. The potential of cell-free and exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsy in patients with prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2893-2910. [PMID: 35922694 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is the 4th most diagnosed cancer and the 8th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Currently, clinical risk stratification models including factors like PSA levels, Gleason score, and digital rectal examination are used for this purpose. There is a need for novel biomarkers that can distinguish between indolent and aggressive pathology and reduce the risk of overdiagnosis/overtreatment. Liquid biopsy has a non-invasive character, can lead to less morbidity and provide new biomarkers, such as miRNAs, that regulate diverse important cellular processes. Here, we report an extended revision about the role of cell-free and exosomal miRNAs (exomiRNAs) as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of PCa. METHODS A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted focusing on the usefulness, advantages, and clinical applications of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum and plasma. Using PubMed database 53 articles published between 2012 and 2021 were selected and discussed from the perspective of their use as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCa. RESULTS We identify 119 miRNAs associated with PCa development and the cell-free and exosomal miR-21, miR-141, miR-200c, and miR-375 were consistently associated with progression in multiple cohorts/studies. However, standardized experimental procedures, and well-defined and clinically relevant cohort studies are urgently needed to confirm the biomarker potential of cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma. CONCLUSION Cell-free and exomiRNAs in serum or plasma are promising tools for be used as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnostic, prognosis, therapy improvement and clinical outcome prediction in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monyse de Nóbrega
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bisarro Dos Reis
- Barretos Cancer Hospital (Molecular Oncology Research Center), Barretos, SP, CEP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Érica Romão Pereira
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Marilesia Ferreira de Souza
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Oncogenetics, Center of Biologic Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380-University Campus, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
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11
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Elevated Expression of miR-200c/141 in MDA-MB-231 Cells Suppresses MXRA8 Levels and Impairs Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis In Vivo. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040691. [PMID: 35456497 PMCID: PMC9032019 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells with mesenchymal characteristics, particularly the claudin-low subtype, express extremely low levels of miR-200s. Therefore, this study examined the functional impact of restoring miR-200 expression in a human claudin-low breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. MDA-MB-231 cells were stably transfected with a control vector (MDA-231EV) or the miR-200c/141 cluster (MDA-231c141). Injection of MDA-231c141 cells into the 4th mammary gland of NCG mice produced tumors that developed significantly slower than tumors produced by MDA-231EV cells. Spontaneous metastasis to the lungs was also significantly reduced in MDA-231c141 cells compared to MDA-231EV cells. RNA sequencing of MDA-231EV and MDA-231c141 tumors identified genes including MXRA8 as being downregulated in the MDA-231c141 tumors. MXRA8 was further investigated as elevated levels of MXRA8 were associated with reduced distant metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that MXRA8 expression was significantly higher in mammary tumors induced by MDA-231EV cells compared to those induced by MDA-231c141 cells. In addition, MXRA8 protein was present at high levels in metastatic tumor cells found in the lungs. This is the first study to implicate MXRA8 in human breast cancer, and our data suggests that miR-200s inhibit growth and metastasis of claudin-low mammary tumor cells in vivo through downregulating MXRA8 expression.
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang HY, Xiang J. The effects of estrogen on targeted cancer therapy drugs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Watson KL, Yi R, Moorehead RA. Transgenic overexpression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster inhibits mammary tumor initiation. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101228. [PMID: 34562686 PMCID: PMC8473771 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-200 family consists of five members expressed as two clusters: miR-200c/141 cluster and miR-200b/200a/429 cluster. In the mammary gland, miR-200s maintain epithelial identity by decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers leading to high expression of epithelial markers. While the loss of miR-200s is associated with breast cancer growth and metastasis the impact of miR-200 expression on mammary tumor initiation has not been investigated. Using mammary specific expression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster in transgenic mice, we found that elevated expression miR-200s could almost completely prevent mammary tumor development. Only 1 of 16 MTB-IGFIRba429 transgenic mice (expressing both the IGF-IR and miR-200b/200a/429 transgenes) developed a mammary tumor while 100% of MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice (expressing only the IGF-IR transgene) developed mammary tumors. RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry of mammary tissue from 55-day old mice found Spp1, Saa1, and Saa2 to be elevated in mammary tumors and inhibited by miR-200b/200a/429 overexpression. This study suggests that miR-200s could be used as a preventative strategy to protect women from developing breast cancer. One concern with this approach is the potential negative impact miR-200 overexpression may have on mammary function. However, transgenic overexpression of miR-200s, on their own, did not significantly impact mammary ductal development indicating the miR-200 overexpression should not significantly impact mammary function. Thus, this study provides the initial foundation for using miR-200s for breast cancer prevention and additional studies should be performed to identify strategies for increasing mammary miR-200 expression and determine whether miR-200s can prevent mammary tumor initiation by other genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Watson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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14
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Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011137. [PMID: 34681797 PMCID: PMC8540232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data has made it clear that a synergistic relationship exists between IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for this association remain unclear, it is well established that hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of IR, may play a role in tumorigenesis. On the other hand, IR is strongly associated with visceral adiposity dysfunction and systemic inflammation, two conditions which favor the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic environment. Similarly, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, in IR states, have been often associated with tumorigenesis in numerous types of human cancer. In addition to these observations, it is also broadly accepted that gut microbiota may play an intriguing role in the development of IR-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, whereas potential chemopreventive properties have been attributed to some of the most commonly used antidiabetic medications. Herein we provide a concise overview of the most recent literature in this field and discuss how different but interrelated molecular pathways may impact on tumor development.
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15
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Han S, Li G, Jia M, Zhao Y, He C, Huang M, Jiang L, Wu M, Yang J, Ji X, Liu X, Chen C, Chu X. Delivery of Anti-miRNA-221 for Colorectal Carcinoma Therapy Using Modified Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:743013. [PMID: 34616773 PMCID: PMC8488275 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.743013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exosomes, as natural intercellular information carriers, have great potential in the field of drug delivery. Many studies have focused on modifying exosome surface proteins to allow drugs to specifically target cancer cells. Methods: In this study, human cord blood mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes were used in the delivery of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides so as to be specifically ingested by tumor cells to perform anti-tumor functions. Mesenchymal stem cells modified by the fusion gene iRGD-Lamp2b were constructed to separate and purify exosomes, and the anti-miRNA-221 oligonucleotide (AMO) was loaded into the exosomes by electroporation. Results: The AMO-loaded exosomes (AMO-Exos) effectively inhibited the proliferation and clonal formation of colon cancer cells in vitro, and it was further found that AMO-Exos was taken up by tumor cells through interaction with the NRP-1 protein. The results of a xenograft tumor model also showed that iRGD-modified exosomes were obviously enriched in tumor sites, exerting excellent anti-tumor efficacy. In vivo imaging showed that exosomes were mainly distributed in liver, spleen, and lung tissues. Conclusion: Our results suggest that genetically modified exosomes could be an ideal natural nanostructure for anti-miRNA oligonucleotide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Jia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yulu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenglong He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longwei Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahe Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Herault S, Naser J, Carassiti D, Chooi KY, Nikolopoulou R, Font ML, Patel M, Pedrigi R, Krams R. Mechanosensitive pathways are regulated by mechanosensitive miRNA clusters in endothelial cells. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:787-796. [PMID: 34777618 PMCID: PMC8555030 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is known to affect many processes in (patho-) physiology through a complex, multi-molecular mechanism, termed mechanotransduction. The sheer complexity of the process has raised questions how mechanotransduction is regulated. Here, we comprehensively evaluate the literature about the role of small non-coding miRNA in the regulation of mechanotransduction. Regulation of mRNA by miRNA is rather complex, depending not only on the concentration of mRNA to miRNA, but also on the amount of mRNA competing for a single mRNA. The only mechanism to counteract the latter factor is through overarching structures of miRNA. Indeed, two overarching structures are present miRNA families and miRNA clusters, and both will be discussed in details, regarding the latest literature and a previous conducted study focussed on mechanotransduction. Both the literature and our own data support a new hypothesis that miRNA-clusters predominantly regulate mechanotransduction, affecting 65% of signalling pathways. In conclusion, a new and important mode of regulation of mechanotransduction is proposed, based on miRNA clusters. This finding implicates new avenues for treatment of mechanotransduction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Herault
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | | | - Daniele Carassiti
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | - K. Yean Chooi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | | | - Marti Llopart Font
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | | | - Ryan Pedrigi
- College of Engineering, Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rob Krams
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
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17
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The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082142. [PMID: 34440911 PMCID: PMC8391605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp can be affected by thermal, physical, chemical, and bacterial phenomena that stimulate the inflammatory response. The pulp tissue produces an immunological, cellular, and vascular reaction in an attempt to defend itself and resolve the affected tissue. The expression of different microRNAs during pulp inflammation has been previously documented. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small molecules involved in the transcription of genes that regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response. They are present in cellular and physiological functions, as well as in the pathogenesis of human diseases, becoming potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and safety. Previous studies have evidenced the different roles played by miRNAs in proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunological phenomena in the dental pulp, highlighting specific key functions of pulp pathology. This systematized review aims to provide an understanding of the role of the different microRNAs detected in the pulp and their effects on the expression of the different target genes that are involved during pulp inflammation.
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18
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Principe DR, Underwood PW, Korc M, Trevino JG, Munshi HG, Rana A. The Current Treatment Paradigm for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Barriers to Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688377. [PMID: 34336673 PMCID: PMC8319847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, with a median survival time of 10-12 months. Clinically, these poor outcomes are attributed to several factors, including late stage at the time of diagnosis impeding resectability, as well as multi-drug resistance. Despite the high prevalence of drug-resistant phenotypes, nearly all patients are offered chemotherapy leading to modest improvements in postoperative survival. However, chemotherapy is all too often associated with toxicity, and many patients elect for palliative care. In cases of inoperable disease, cytotoxic therapies are less efficacious but still carry the same risk of serious adverse effects, and clinical outcomes remain particularly poor. Here we discuss the current state of pancreatic cancer therapy, both surgical and medical, and emerging factors limiting the efficacy of both. Combined, this review highlights an unmet clinical need to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the poor therapeutic responses seen in patients with PDAC, in hopes of increasing drug efficacy, extending patient survival, and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hidayatullah G. Munshi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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19
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Piko N, Bevc S, Ekart R, Petreski T, Vodošek Hojs N, Hojs R. Diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: Non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:975-996. [PMID: 34326949 PMCID: PMC8311487 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and burden of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease on global health and socioeconomic development is already heavy and still rising. Diabetes mellitus by itself is linked to adverse cardiovascular events, and the presence of concomitant chronic kidney disease further amplifies cardiovascular risk. The culmination of traditional (male gender, smoking, advanced age, obesity, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia) and non-traditional risk factors (anemia, inflammation, proteinuria, volume overload, mineral metabolism abnormalities, oxidative stress, etc.) contributes to advanced atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. To decrease the morbidity and mortality of these patients due to cardiovascular causes, timely and efficient cardiovascular risk assessment is of huge importance. Cardiovascular risk assessment can be based on laboratory parameters, imaging techniques, arterial stiffness parameters, ankle-brachial index and 24 h blood pressure measurements. Newer methods include epigenetic markers, soluble adhesion molecules, cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. In this review, the authors present several non-invasive methods of cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Piko
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Robert Ekart
- Department of Dialysis, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Nina Vodošek Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Hojs
- Department of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
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20
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21
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Simpson K, Conquer-van Heumen G, Watson KL, Roth M, Martin CJ, Moorehead RA. Re-expression of miR-200s in claudin-low mammary tumor cells alters cell shape and reduces proliferation and invasion potentially through modulating other miRNAs and SUZ12 regulated genes. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:89. [PMID: 33541373 PMCID: PMC7863273 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through binding to mRNAs and preventing their translation. One family of microRNAs known as the miR-200 family is an important regulator of epithelial identity. The miR-200 family consists of five members expressed in two distinct clusters; the miR-200c/141 cluster and the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster. We have found that murine and human mammary tumor cells with claudin-low characteristics are associated with very low levels of all five miR-200s. Methods To determine the impact of miR-200s on claudin-low mammary tumor cells, the miR-200c/141 cluster and the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster were stably re-expressed in murine (RJ423) and human (MDA-MB-231) claudin-low mammary tumor cells. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using BrdU incorporation and transwell migration across Matrigel coated inserts, respectively. miRNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed to explore miRNAs and mRNAs regulated by miR-200 re-expression while Enrichr-based pathway analysis was utilized to identify cellular functions modified by miR-200s. Results Re-expression of the miR-200s in murine and human claudin-low mammary tumor cells partially restored an epithelial cell morphology and significantly inhibited proliferation and cell invasion in vitro. miRNA sequencing and mRNA sequencing revealed that re-expression of miR-200s altered the expression of other microRNAs and genes regulated by SUZ12 providing insight into the complexity of miR-200 function. SUZ12 is a member of the polycomb repressor complex 2 that suppresses gene expression through methylating histone H3 at lysine 27. Flow cytometry confirmed that re-expression of miR-200s increased histone H3 methylation at lysine 27. Conclusions Re-expression of miR-200s in claudin-low mammary tumor cells alters cell morphology and reduces proliferation and invasion, an effect potentially mediated by SUZ12-regulated genes and other microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Simpson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - G Conquer-van Heumen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K L Watson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - M Roth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - C J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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22
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Martin CJ, Moorehead RA. Polycomb repressor complex 2 function in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1085-1094. [PMID: 33491744 PMCID: PMC7549536 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are important contributors to the regulation of genes within the chromatin. The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a multi‑subunit protein complex that is involved in silencing gene expression through the trimethylation of lysine 27 at histone 3 (H3K27me3). The dysregulation of this modification has been associated with tumorigenicity through the increased repression of tumour suppressor genes via condensing DNA to reduce access to the transcription start site (TSS) within tumor suppressor gene promoters. In the present review, the core proteins of PRC2, as well as key accessory proteins, will be described. In addition, mechanisms controlling the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to H3K27 will be outlined. Finally, literature identifying the role of PRC2 in breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis and migration, including the potential roles of long non‑coding RNAs and the miR‑200 family will be summarized as will the potential use of the PRC2 complex as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Roger A. Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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23
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Wang J, Hao Z, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Wang J, Shen J, Song Y, Ke N, Luo Y. Small RNA deep sequencing reveals the expressions of microRNAs in ovine mammary gland development at peak-lactation and during the non-lactating period. Genomics 2020; 113:637-646. [PMID: 33007397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in mammary gland development and lactation in livestock. Little is known about the roles of miRNAs in ovine mammary gland development, hence in this study the expression profiles of miRNAs of the mammary gland tissues of ewes at peak-lactation and during the non-lactating period were investigated using RNA sequencing. A total of 147 mature miRNAs were expressed in the two periods. Compared with peak-lactation, eight miRNAs in the non-lactating ewe mammary gland were significantly up-regulated, whereas fifteen miRNAs were down-regulated. A KEGG analysis revealed that the target genes of the up-regulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in lysosome, Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways, while the target genes of down-regulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and axon guidance. These results suggest that further study of the differentially expressed miRNAs could provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mammary development and lactation in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiyuan Shen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yize Song
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Na Ke
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Liu R, Zhang S, Zheng TT, Chen YR, Wu JT, Wu ZS. Intracellular Nonenzymatic In Situ Growth of Three-Dimensional DNA Nanostructures for Imaging Specific Biomolecules in Living Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9572-9584. [PMID: 32806042 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Real-time in situ monitoring of low-abundance cancer biomarkers (e.g., miRNAs and proteins) in living cells by nonenzymatic assembly entirely from original DNA probes remains unexplored due to an extremely complex intracellular environment. Herein, a nonenzymatic palindrome-catalyzed DNA assembly (NEPA) technique is developed to execute the in situ imaging of intracellular miRNAs by assembling a three-dimensional nanoscale DNA spherical structure (NS) with low mobility from three free hairpin-type DNAs rather than from DNA intermediates based on the interaction of designed terminal palindromes. Target miRNA was detected down to 1.4 pM, and its family members were distinguished with almost 100% accuracy. The subcellular localization of NS products can be visualized in real time. The NEPA-based sensing strategy is also suitable for the intracellular in situ fluorescence imaging of cancer-related protein receptors, offering valuable insight into developing sensing protocols for understanding the biological function of vital biomolecules in disease pathogenesis and future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan-Ru Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing-Ting Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Ali Ahmed E, A. Abd El-bast S, A. Mohamed M, Swellam M. Clinical Impact of Oncomirs 221 and 222 on Breast Cancer Diagnosis. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020:1-9. [DOI: 10.32948/ajo.2020.07.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of miRNAs, non-coding RNAs of 18-25 ( ̴ 22nt), is a hallmark of malignancies among them is breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of circulating oncomiRNAs (miRNA-221and miRNA-222) as a minimally non-invasive method for early detection of breast cancer as compared to tumor markers (CEA, CA15.3).
Materials and methods MiRNA-221 and miRNA-222 expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in serum samples from three groups: primary breast cancer patients (n = 44), benign breast lesion patients (n = 25), and healthy individuals as control group (n = 19). Their diagnostic efficacy and relation with clinicopathological data were analyzed.
Results MiRNA-221 and miRNA-222 expression and tumor markers reported significant increase in their mean levels in breast cancer group as compared to the benign breast lesions or control individuals. Among clinicopathological factors, miRs reported significant relation with pathological types, clinical staging, histological grading and hormonal status, while CEA and CA15.3 did not revealed significance with these factors. The diagnostic efficacy for investigated miRNAs was superior to tumor markers especially for detection of early stages and low grade tumors.
Conclusion MiRNA-221 and miRNA-222 were superior over tumor markers for early detection of breast cancer especially those at high risk as primarybreast cancer patients with early stage or low grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ali Ahmed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University
| | - Sohair A. Abd El-bast
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University
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Galle E, Thienpont B, Cappuyns S, Venken T, Busschaert P, Van Haele M, Van Cutsem E, Roskams T, van Pelt J, Verslype C, Dekervel J, Lambrechts D. DNA methylation-driven EMT is a common mechanism of resistance to various therapeutic agents in cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:27. [PMID: 32059745 PMCID: PMC7023776 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-0821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overcoming therapeutic resistance is one of the major hurdles in cancer care. One mechanism contributing to therapeutic resistance is a process in which epithelial cells switch to a mesenchymal state (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT). The precise mechanisms driving EMT-mediated therapeutic resistance have, however, not been elucidated. Results Here, we study ten cell line pairs, for which parental cell lines were made resistant to either a targeted or chemotherapy-based treatment. First, we show by miRNA-200 overexpression that treatment resistance is driven by EMT. Next, we demonstrate that DNA methylation changes occur within each cell line pair and show that exposure to 5-azacytidine or knock down of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), both of which globally demethylate cells, result in EMT reversal and increased therapeutic sensitivity. This suggests DNA methylation to causally underlie EMT and treatment resistance. We also observe significant overlap in methylation profiles between resistant lines, suggesting a common epigenetic mechanism to cause resistance to therapy. In line with this hypothesis, cross-resistance to other targeted and chemotherapies is observed, while importantly, this is lost upon demethylation of the cells. Finally, we clinically validate that DNA methylation changes drive EMT-mediated resistance to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specifically, we develop a capture-based protocol to interrogate DNA methylation in low amounts of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). By interrogating the methylation status in liquid biopsies, longitudinally collected during sorafenib treatment, we assess whether DNA methylation changes also drive EMT and therapy resistance in a clinical setting. Particularly, by monitoring methylation changes in EMT genes, we are able to predict tumor response and acquired resistance to sorafenib. Conclusions We propose methylation changes underlying EMT to constitute a common resistance mechanism to cancer therapies. This process can be reversed pharmacologically and monitored non-invasively in ctDNA to predict resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Galle
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Laboratory for Functional Epigenetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Cappuyns
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Venken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Busschaert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Verslype
- Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dekervel
- Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Amini S, Abak A, Sakhinia E, Abhari A. MicroRNA-221 and MicroRNA-222 in Common Human Cancers: Expression, Function, and Triggering of Tumor Progression as a Key Modulator. Lab Med 2020; 50:333-347. [PMID: 31049571 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (~22 nucleotides [nt]), single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides that are regulatory in nature and are often dysregulated in various diseases, including cancer. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs (miRNAs associated with cancer) or tumor suppressor miRNAs and have the potential to be a diagnostic, prognostic, noninvasive biomarker for these diseases. MicroRNA-221 (miR-221) and microRNA-222 (miR-222) are homologous miRNAs, located on the human chromosome Xp11.3, which factored significantly in impairment in the regulation of a wide range of cancers. In this review, we have highlighted the most consistently reported dysregulated miRNAs that trigger human tissues to express cancerous features and surveyed the role of those miRNAs in metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor prognosis. Also, we applied the causes of drug resistance and the role of coordinated actions of these miRNAs to epigenetic changes and selected miRNAs as a potential type of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Amini
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Genetic Analysis Center (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Abhari
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Yu C, Wan H, Shan R, Wen W, Li J, Luo D, Wan R. The Prognostic Value of the MiR-200 Family in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis with 1882 Patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:4009-4016. [PMID: 31417645 PMCID: PMC6692621 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs containing 18-22 nucleotides which play a role in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes. The MiR-200 family comprises miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c and miR-429. Increasing evidence indicates that miR-200 microRNAs play a role in cancer metastasis. For example, miR-200 microRNAs were reported to influence the prognosis in colorectal cancer patients by regulating the expression of genes related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition6. Previous studies have shown that the high expression of miR-200 microRNAs has an impact on the overall survival and Relapse-free Survival of CRC patients. However, the study results were inconsistent. Results: Data from a total of 1882 patients from 9 studies was included in the meta-analysis. Poorer Relapse-free Survival (RFS) was observed in patients with high expression levels of miR-200 microRNAs (HR=1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). Additionally, subgroup analysis of sample types revealed a significant association between higher expression of the miR-200 family in the plasma and poorer OS (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41) and RFS (HR=2.39, 95% CI 1.20-4.77), which indicates that the miR-200 family can be used as an easily detectable biomarker for evaluation of the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusions: High expression levels of miR-200 microRNAs were associated with poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The miR-200 family can therefore potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker. Further studies should be performed to verify the clinical utility of the miR-200 family in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiting Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renfeng Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renhua Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Klinge CM, Piell KM, Tooley CS, Rouchka EC. HNRNPA2/B1 is upregulated in endocrine-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells and alters the miRNA transcriptome when overexpressed in MCF-7 cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9430. [PMID: 31263129 PMCID: PMC6603045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are dysregulated in breast cancer. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2/B1) is a reader of the N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) mark in primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and promotes DROSHA processing to precursor-miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). We examined the expression of writers, readers, and erasers of m6A and report that HNRNPA2/B1 expression is higher in tamoxifen-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells as compared to parental, tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. To examine how increased expression of HNRNPA2/B1 affects miRNA expression, HNRNPA2/B1 was transiently overexpressed (~5.4-fold) in MCF-7 cells for whole genome miRNA profiling (miRNA-seq). 148 and 88 miRNAs were up- and down-regulated, respectively, 48 h after transfection and 177 and 172 up- and down-regulated, respectively, 72 h after transfection. MetaCore Enrichment analysis identified progesterone receptor action and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling via miRNA in breast cancer as pathways downstream of the upregulated miRNAs and TGFβ signaling via SMADs and Notch signaling as pathways of the downregulated miRNAs. GO biological processes for mRNA targets of HNRNPA2/B1-regulated miRNAs included response to estradiol and cell-substrate adhesion. qPCR confirmed HNRNPA2B1 downregulation of miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-222 and upregulation of miR-1266-5p, miR-1268a, miR-671-3p. Transient overexpression of HNRNPA2/B1 reduced MCF-7 sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant, suggesting a role for HNRNPA2/B1 in endocrine-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Christine Schaner Tooley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Bioinformatics and Biomedical Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
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miR-221-5p regulates proliferation and migration in human prostate cancer cells and reduces tumor growth in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:627. [PMID: 31238903 PMCID: PMC6593572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite latest advances in prostate cancer (PCa) therapy, PCa remains the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in European men. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules with gene expression regulatory function, has been reported in all types of epithelial and haematological cancers. In particular, miR-221-5p alterations have been reported in PCa. Methods miRNA expression data was retrieved from a comprehensive publicly available dataset of 218 PCa patients (GSE21036) and miR-221-5p expression levels were analysed. The functional role of miR-221-5p was characterised in androgen- dependent and androgen- independent PCa cell line models (C4–2 and PC-3M-Pro4 cells) by miR-221-5p overexpression and knock-down experiments. The metastatic potential of highly aggressive PC-3M-Pro4 cells overexpressing miR-221-5p was determined by studying extravasation in a zebrafish model. Finally, the effect of miR-221-5p overexpression on the growth of PC-3M-Pro4luc2 cells in vivo was studied by orthotopic implantation in male Balb/cByJ nude mice and assessment of tumor growth. Results Analysis of microRNA expression dataset for human primary and metastatic PCa samples and control normal adjacent benign prostate revealed miR-221-5p to be significantly downregulated in PCa compared to normal prostate tissue and in metastasis compared to primary PCa. Our in vitro data suggest that miR-221-5p overexpression reduced PCa cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, miR-221-5p overexpression dramatically reduced migration of PCa cells, which was associated with differential expression of selected EMT markers. The functional changes of miR-221-5p overexpression were reversible by the loss of miR-221-5p levels, indicating that the tumor suppressive effects were specific to miR-221-5p. Additionally, miR-221-5p overexpression significantly reduced PC-3M-Pro4 cell extravasation and metastasis formation in a zebrafish model and decreased tumor burden in an orthotopic mouse model of PCa. Conclusions Together these data strongly support a tumor suppressive role of miR-221-5p in the context of PCa and its potential as therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5819-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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MiR-221 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Migration via Targeting PHF2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4371405. [PMID: 31214616 PMCID: PMC6535842 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4371405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), which regulate the gene expression leading to translational inhibition or mRNA degradation, are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-221 was one of the most consistent overexpressed miRNAs in several types of cancer. However, the role of miR-221 in human liver cancer progression is not yet fully elucidated. Levels of miR-221 and plant homeodomain finger 2 (PHF2) expressions in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines were detected using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell migration was studied using the transwell assays. A dual-luciferase reporter system was used to validate the target gene of miR-221. The results indicated that miR-221 promoted HCC cell migration. By performing subsequent systematic bioinformatic analyses, we found PHF2 was the target gene of miR-221 and the direct binding relationship was further validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, lower expression of PHF2 promoted HCC cell migration and linked to worse overall survival in HCC patients. Finally, the negative correlation between miR-221 and PHF2 expression levels in HCC specimens was further confirmed. Taken together, our findings implied that miR-221 could be a potential candidate for the therapeutics of HCC metastasis.
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32
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Prenatal microRNA miR-200b Therapy Improves Nitrofen-induced Pulmonary Hypoplasia Associated With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Ann Surg 2019; 269:979-987. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen SN, Chang R, Lin LT, Chern CU, Tsai HW, Wen ZH, Li YH, Li CJ, Tsui KH. MicroRNA in Ovarian Cancer: Biology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Opportunities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091510. [PMID: 31035447 PMCID: PMC6539609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer comprises one of the three major malignant tumor types in the female reproductive system. The mortality rate of this cancer is the highest among all gynecological tumors, with ovarian cancer metastasis constituting an important cause of death. Therefore, markers for disease prediction and prognosis are highly desirable for early diagnosis as well as for helping optimize and personalize treatment. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), which consist of short-sequence RNAs that do not encode a protein, have emerged as new biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. By pairing with bases specific to the target messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs cause degradation of the target mRNA or inhibit its translation, thereby regulating various cellular processes including cell proliferation and adhesion. Increasing numbers of studies have shown that miRNA expression abnormality plays an important role in the development of ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of miRNA action, current research regarding their role in the suppression or promotion of ovarian cancer, and their use as markers for diagnosis of prognosis or as therapeutic targets for this disease. Finally, we present future perspectives regarding the clinical management of ovarian cancer and the role for miRNAs therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Nung Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Recreation Sports Management, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Te Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Chyi-Uei Chern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Wen Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Han Li
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
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Non-Coding RNAs as New Therapeutic Targets in the Context of Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081977. [PMID: 31018516 PMCID: PMC6515288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, or tissue scarring, is defined as the excessive, persistent and destructive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in response to chronic tissue injury. Renal fibrosis represents the final stage of most chronic kidney diseases and contributes to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function. Limited therapeutic options are available and the molecular mechanisms governing the renal fibrosis process are complex and remain poorly understood. Recently, the role of non-coding RNAs, and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), has been described in kidney fibrosis. Seminal studies have highlighted their potential importance as new therapeutic targets and innovative diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. This review will summarize recent scientific advances and will discuss potential clinical applications as well as future research directions.
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Gorbatenko A, Søkilde R, Sorensen EE, Newie I, Persson H, Morancho B, Arribas J, Litman T, Rovira C, Pedersen SF. HER2 and p95HER2 differentially regulate miRNA expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and downregulate MYB proteins through miR-221/222 and miR-503. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3352. [PMID: 30833639 PMCID: PMC6399295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 oncogene and its truncated form p95HER2 play central roles in breast cancer. Here, we show that although HER2 and p95HER2 generally elicit qualitatively similar changes in miRNA profile in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, a subset of changes are distinct and p95HER2 shifts the miRNA profile towards the basal breast cancer subtype. High-throughput miRNA profiling was carried out 15, 36 and 60 h after HER2 or p95HER2 expression and central hits validated by RT-qPCR. miRNAs strongly regulated by p95HER2 yet not by HER2, included miR-221, miR-222, miR-503, miR-29a, miR-149, miR-196 and miR-361. Estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) expression was essentially ablated by p95HER2 expression, in a manner recapitulated by miR-221/-222 mimics. c-Myb family transcription factors MYB and MYBL1, but not MYBL2, were downregulated by p95HER2 and by miR-503 or miR-221/-222 mimics. MYBL1 3′UTR inhibition by miR-221/222 was lost by deletion of a single putative miR-221/222 binding sites. p95HER2 expression, or knockdown of either MYB protein, elicited upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-2 (TIMP2). miR-221/222 and -503 mimics increased, and TIMP2 knockdown decreased, cell migration and invasion. A similar pathway was operational in T47D- and SKBr-3 cells. This work reveals important differences between HER2- and p95HER2- mediated miRNA changes in breast cancer cells, provides novel mechanistic insight into regulation of MYB family transcription factors by p95HER2, and points to a role for a miR-221/222– MYB family–TIMP2 axis in regulation of motility in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Gorbatenko
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rolf Søkilde
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ester E Sorensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inga Newie
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and CIBERONC, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and CIBERONC, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, JA, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, JA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Rovira
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Higashi M, Yoneda M, Nakagawa T, Ikeda M, Ito T. miR-222 regulates proliferation of primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:644-649. [PMID: 30826054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hepatocytes regenerate after liver injury, although it is difficult to reproduce this phenomenon in vitro. The goal of this research was to determine the factors that stimulate proliferation of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) in vitro. We first tested knockdown (KD) of tumor protein 53 (p53) alone as well as partial hepatectomy (PH, performed 72 h prior to PMHs preparation) alone. However, neither intervention stimulated hepatocyte proliferation during the 72-h observation period in vitro. We then tested the combination of p53 KD with PH and found that these interventions together stimulated cell proliferation in vitro. Under these latter conditions we analyzed gene expression of these cells by mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq). TargetScan analysis, which determines the relationship between microRNAs and gene expression, found a relationship between downregulated mmu-mir-222 (miR-222) and upregulated genes such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (Map3k2). To confirm this relationship, we performed miR-222 KD and overexpression (OE) and observed the expected changes in target gene expression. Furthermore, the finding that miR-222 KD or OE stimulates or suppresses, respectively, hepatocyte proliferation is well explained by the association between miR-222 and its target genes, which stimulate growth. Our results suggest that miR-222 is one of the key factors regulating PMH proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeya Nakagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ikeda
- Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Jiao B, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang L, Luo Z, Zhao H, Khatib H, Wang X. MicroRNA-221 regulates proliferation of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells by targeting the STAT5a and IRS1 genes. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:426-435. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
The main cellular constituents in glomerular mesangium are mesangial cells, which account for approximately 30-40% of the total cells in the glomerulus. Together with the mesangial matrix, mesangial cells form the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the glomerulus, whose main function is to perform the filtration. Under the pathologic conditions, mesangial cells are activated, leading to hyperproliferation and excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, mesangial cells also secrete several kinds of inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, and enzymes, all of which participate in the process of renal glomerular fibrosis. During the past years, researchers have revealed the roles of mesangial cells and the associated signal pathways involved in renal fibrosis. In this section, we will discuss how mesangial cells are activated and its contributions to renal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanisms and novel anti-fibrotic agents. Full understanding of the contributions of mesangial cells to renal fibrosis will benefit the clinical drug developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Rogers TJ, Christenson JL, Greene LI, O'Neill KI, Williams MM, Gordon MA, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Degala GD, Shin J, Tan AC, Cittelly DM, Lambert JR, Richer JK. Reversal of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer EMT by miR-200c Decreases Tryptophan Catabolism and a Program of Immunosuppression. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:30-41. [PMID: 30213797 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan catabolism pathway, is induced in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by inflammatory signals and anchorage-independent conditions. TNBCs express extremely low levels of the miR-200 family compared with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. In normal epithelial cells and ER+ breast cancers and cell lines, high levels of the family member miR-200c serve to target and repress genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To identify mechanism(s) that permit TNBC to express TDO2 and other proteins not expressed in the more well-differentiated ER+ breast cancers, miRNA-200c was restored in TNBC cell lines. The data demonstrate that miR-200c targeted TDO2 directly resulting in reduced production of the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. Furthermore, in addition to reversing a classic EMT signature, miR-200c repressed many genes encoding immunosuppressive factors including CD274/CD273, HMOX-1, and GDF15. Restoration of miR-200c revealed a mechanism, whereby TNBC hijacks a gene expression program reminiscent of that used by trophoblasts to suppress the maternal immune system to ensure fetal tolerance during pregnancy. IMPLICATIONS: Knowledge of the regulation of tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors will facilitate development of novel therapeutic strategies that complement current immunotherapy to reduce mortality for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Rogers
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jessica L Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lisa I Greene
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen I O'Neill
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael A Gordon
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Greg D Degala
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jimin Shin
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Diana M Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James R Lambert
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Kim C, Go EJ, Kim A. Recurrence prediction using microRNA expression in hormone receptor positive breast cancer during tamoxifen treatment. Biomarkers 2018; 23:804-811. [PMID: 30010434 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1499131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify miRNAs associated with distant recurrence during tamoxifen treatment and build a recurrence prediction model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured the expression of five miRNAs (miR-134, miR-125b-5P, miRNA-30a, miR-10a-5p and miR-222). A total of 176 tumour tissues from 176 patients who had hormone receptor positive breast cancer with tamoxifen treatment were used to measure miRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The five miRNAs were all up-regulated in distant recurrence cases within 5 years after surgery and during tamoxifen treatment. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses based on expression cut-offs determined by receiver characteristics curves (ROC) showed that high expression of miR-134, miR-125b-5P, miRNA-30a, miR-10a-5p and miR-222 were significantly (log-rank p-value =0.006, p-value <0.0001, p-value <0.0001, p-value <0.0001 and p-value <0.0001, respectively) associated with short relapse-free time. Our results were used to build a combined 3 miRNAs expression model. It could be used to categorize high-risk subset of patients with short relapse-free survival (AUC =0.891, p-value <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Distant recurrence during tamoxifen treatment of hormone positive breast cancer might be affected by tamoxifen resistance related miRNAs. Such distant recurrence can be predicted using miRNA measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungyeul Kim
- a Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun Jin Go
- a Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Aeree Kim
- a Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul , Korea
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De Robertis M, Poeta ML, Signori E, Fazio VM. Current understanding and clinical utility of miRNAs regulation of colon cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:232-247. [PMID: 30130662 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal tumorigenesis are suggested to be responsible for initiation, development and propagation of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have been extensively characterized by the expression of phenotypic determinants, such as surface or intracellular proteins. The generation of CSCs is likely due to a dysregulation of the signaling pathways that principally control self-renewal and pluripotency in normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs) through different (epi)genetic changes that define cell fate, identity, and phenotype of CSCs. These aspects are currently under intense investigation. In the framework of the oncogenic signaling pathways controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs) during CRC development, a plethora of data suggests that miRNAs can play a key role in several regulatory pathways involving CSCs biology, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, metastatization, and pharmacoresistance. This review examines the most relevant evidences about the role of miRNAs in the etiology of CRC, through the regulation of colon CSCs and the principal differences between colorectal CSCs and benign stem cells. In this perspective, the utility of the principal CSCs-related miRNAs changes is explored, emphasizing their use as potential biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis and predicting response to therapy in CRC patients, but also as promising targets for more effective and personalized anti-CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Modulation in miR-200a/SIRT1axis is associated with apoptosis in MPP +-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Gene 2018; 674:25-30. [PMID: 29936262 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that miR-200a is markedly deregulated in various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and PD. Furthermore, studies have shown the key role of miR-200a on expression of SIRT1 and apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-200a/SIRT1 axis should have a crucial role in apoptosis of dopaminergic (DA)neurons. In this study, human SH-SY5Y cells were treated with MPP+ and expression of miR-200a, SIRT1 and its target genes were assessed. Our results confirmed that expression of miR-200a significantly up-regulated during treating of human SH-SY5Y cells with MPP+ in order to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, transcript level of SIRT1 in these cells showed significant down-regulation confirming that SIRT1 is indeed decreased due to miR-200a up-regulation during apoptosis. Moreover, expression of P53, FOXO1 and BCL2 were modulated. In this study, we indicated that miR-200a/SIRT1 axis directly correlates with apoptosis and P53 signaling pathway. In conclusion, miR-200a and its target gene, SIRT1, may exert a possible role in induction of apoptosis in DA neurons through regulating P53, apoptosis and FOXO signaling pathways.
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Zhang Y, Yan J, Wang L, Dai H, Li N, Hu W, Cai H. HIF-1α Promotes Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7 Proliferation and Invasion Through Regulating miR-210. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 32:297-301. [PMID: 29053417 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many malignant tumors grow in hypoxic condition, which is associated with tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. MicroRNAs are of great significance in the development of multiple malignant tumors. This study cultured breast cancer cell MCF-7 under the condition of different concentrations of oxygen, to test cell proliferation and invasion, and detect miR-210 expression, aiming to analyze the influence of hypoxia on breast cancer cell behaviors as well as miR-210 expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Breast cancer cell MCF-7 was cultured under normoxia, hypoxia, or anaerobic conditions for 12, 24, or 48 hours. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell invasion and migration were tested by transwell assay. HIF-1α mRNA and miR-210 expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS MCF-7 cell proliferation was gradually increased following time extension (p < 0.05). MCF-7 cell exhibited higher proliferation, invasion, and migration activities in hypoxic and anaerobic groups compared with those in normoxic group during the same time period. HIF-1α mRNA and miR-210 were significantly upregulated in anaerobic group compared with those in other groups (p < 0.05). HIF-1α mRNA and miR-210 were obviously elevated at 12, 24, and 48 hours (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION MCF-7 cell proliferation was increased, invasion and migration were enhanced, with upregulated expression of HIF-1α mRNA and miR-210 in the hypoxic and anaerobic group following time extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Jinyin Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Wanning Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
| | - Haifeng Cai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tangshan People's Hospital , Tangshan, China
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Turashvili G, Lightbody ED, Tyryshkin K, SenGupta SK, Elliott BE, Madarnas Y, Ghaffari A, Day A, Nicol CJB. Novel prognostic and predictive microRNA targets for triple-negative breast cancer. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800120R. [PMID: 29812973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800120r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) account for ∼25% of all invasive carcinomas and represent a large subset of aggressive, high-grade tumors. Despite current research focused on understanding the genetic landscape of TNBCs, reliable prognostic and predictive biomarkers remain limited. Although dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in many cancer types, the role of miRNAs in TNBC disease progression is unclear. We performed miRNA profiling of 51 TNBCs by next-generation sequencing to reveal differentially expressed miRNAs. A total of 228 miRNAs were identified. Three miRNAs (miR-224-5p, miR-375, and miR-205-5p) separated the tumors based on basal status. Six miRNAs (high let-7d-3p, miR-203b-5p, and miR-324-5p; low miR-30a-3p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-199a-5p) were significantly associated with decreased overall survival (OS) and 5 miRNAs (high let-7d-3p; low miR-30a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30c-5p, and miR-128-3p) with decreased relapse-free survival (RFS). On multivariate analysis, high expression of let-7d-3p and low expression of miR-30a were independent predictors of decreased OS and RFS. High expression of miR-95-3p was significantly associated with decreased OS and RFS in patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Five miRNAs (let-7d-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-128-3p, and miR-95-3p) were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Our findings unveil novel prognostic and predictive miRNA targets for TNBC, including a miRNA signature that predicts patient response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. This may improve clinical management and/or lead to the development of novel therapies.-Turashvili, G., Lightbody, E. D., Tyryshkin, K., SenGupta, S. K., Elliott, B. E., Madarnas, Y., Ghaffari, A., Day, A., Nicol, C. J. B. Novel prognostic and predictive microRNA targets for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulisa Turashvili
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Lightbody
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathrin Tyryshkin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandip K SenGupta
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Day
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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The miR-200b/200a/429 cluster prevents metastasis and induces dormancy in a murine claudin-low mammary tumor cell line. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:17-26. [PMID: 29702103 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The miR-200 family of microRNAs consisting of miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c and miR-429 are emerging as important regulators of breast cancer progression. This family of microRNAs maintain mammary epithelial identity and downregulation of miR-200 expression has been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in mammary tumors. Therefore, re-expression of one or more miR-200 family members in mammary tumor cells with mesenchymal characteristics may restore an epithelial phenotype including growth and metastasis suppression. To test this hypothesis, the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster was re-expressed in a murine claudin-low cell line, RJ423. Re-expression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster in RJ423 cells significantly suppressed the expression of Vim, Snai1, Twist1, Twist2 and Zeb1, reverted RJ423 cells to a more epithelial morphology and significantly inhibited proliferation in vitro. Moreover, the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster prevented lung metastasis in an experimental metastasis model and although tumor initiation was not prevented, re-expression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster induced a dormancy-like state where mammary tumors failed to grow beyond ~150 mm3 or grew extremely slowly following intra-mammary injection. These dormant tumors contained elevated levels of collagen and were highly vascularized. Therefore, re-expression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster in the claudin-low mammary tumor cell line, RJ423, is sufficient to alter cell morphology, impair metastasis and induce tumor dormancy.
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MicroRNA-222-3p/GNAI2/AKT axis inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer cell growth and associates with good overall survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80633-80654. [PMID: 27811362 PMCID: PMC5348346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic tumor worldwide. Despite having developed molecular diagnostic tools and targeted therapies over the past few decades, patient survival is still quite poor. Numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are key regulators of many fundamental biological processes, including neoplasia and tumor progression. miR-222 is one of those miRNAs that has attracted much attention for its multiple roles in human diseases, especially cancer. The potential role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer has attracted much attention in recent years. Some of these microRNAs have been suggested as potential therapeutic targets for EOC patients. In this study, we sought to investigate the biologic functions of miR-222-3p in EOC carcinogenesis. Herein, we examined the expression of miR-222-3p in EOC patients, mouse models and cell lines, and found that higher expression of miR-222-3p was associated with better overall survival in EOC patients, and its level was negatively correlated with tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, in-vitro experiments indicated that miR-222-3p inhibited EOC cell proliferation and migration, and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT. We identified GNAI2 as a target of miR-222-3p. We also found that GNAI2 promoted EOC cell proliferation, and is an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We describe the characterization of a novel regulatory axis in ovarian cancer cells, miR-222-3p/GNAI2/AKT and its potential application as a therapeutic target for EOC patients.
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47
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-221 may be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:118-127. [PMID: 29474925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids, important for infant growth and development, are produced and secreted by mammary gland under the regulation of steroid hormones, growth factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-221 has been identified in milk and adipocytes and it plays important roles in regulating normal mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer stem cells; however, its roles in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-221 expression, we found that it regulated lipid metabolism in MECs and was expressed differentially at various stages during murine mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-221 expression increased lipid content in MECs through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme FASN, while overexpression of miR-221 reduced MEC lipid content. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-221 expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in MECs. The expression of miR-221 was lower during lactation, which suggests that it may be involved in milk production. Therefore, miR-221 might be a useful target for influencing milk lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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48
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Chen TY, Lee SH, Dhar SS, Lee MG. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7-mediated microRNA-221 repression maintains Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 levels in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3925-3936. [PMID: 29378844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The stemness maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) requires pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. We have previously reported that protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7), an epigenetic modifier, is an essential pluripotency factor that maintains the stemness of mouse ESCs, at least in part, by down-regulating the expression of the anti-stemness microRNA (miRNA) miR-24-2. To gain greater insight into the molecular basis underlying PRMT7-mediated maintenance of mouse ESC stemness, we searched for new PRMT7-down-regulated anti-stemness miRNAs. Here, we show that miR-221 gene-encoded miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p are anti-stemness miRNAs whose expression levels in mouse ESCs are directly repressed by PRMT7. Notably, both miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p targeted the 3' untranslated regions of mRNA transcripts of the major pluripotency factors Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 to antagonize mouse ESC stemness. Moreover, miR-221-5p silenced also the expression of its own transcriptional repressor PRMT7. Transfection of miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p mimics induced spontaneous differentiation of mouse ESCs. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the miR-221 gene, as well as specific antisense inhibitors of miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p, inhibited the spontaneous differentiation of PRMT7-depleted mouse ESCs. Taken together, these findings reveal that the PRMT7-mediated repression of miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p expression plays a critical role in maintaining mouse ESC stemness. Our results also establish miR-221-3p and miR-221-5p as anti-stemness miRNAs that target Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 mRNAs in mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Yu Chen
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sung-Hun Lee
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Shilpa S Dhar
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 and .,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
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Liang YK, Lin HY, Dou XW, Chen M, Wei XL, Zhang YQ, Wu Y, Chen CF, Bai JW, Xiao YS, Qi YZ, Kruyt FAE, Zhang GJ. MiR-221/222 promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting Notch3 in breast cancer cell lines. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:20. [PMID: 30109262 PMCID: PMC6079079 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive subtype with a strong tendency to metastasize. Due to the lack of effective chemotherapy, BLBC has a poor prognosis compared with luminal subtype breast cancer. MicroRNA-221 and -222 (miR-221/222) are overexpressed in BLBC and associate with metastasis as well as poor prognosis; however, the mechanisms by which miR-221/222 function as oncomiRs remain unknown. Here, we report that miR-221/222 expression is inversely correlated with Notch3 expression in breast cancer cell lines. Notch3 is known to be overexpressed in luminal breast cancer cells and inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We demonstrate that miR-221/222 target Notch3 by binding to its 3' untranslated region and suppressing protein translation. Ectopic expression of miR-221/222 significantly promotes EMT, whereas overexpression of Notch3 intracellular domain attenuates the oncogenic function of miR-221/222, suggesting that miR-221/222 exerts its oncogenic role by negatively regulating Notch3. Taken together, our results elucidated that miR-221/222 promote EMT via targeting Notch3 in breast cancer cell lines suggesting that miR-221/222 can serve as a potential therapeutic target in BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ke Liang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hao-Yu Lin
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 57 Chang ping Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dou
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Min Chen
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wei
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
| | - Yong-Qu Zhang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yang Wu
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Fa Chen
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 57 Chang ping Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Ying-Sheng Xiao
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Qi
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Frank A. E. Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, 515031 Shantou, China
- ChangJiang Scholar’s Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, 515041 Shantou, China
- Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, 2000 East Xiang’an Rd., Xiamen, China
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Chen J, Chen Z, Huang J, Chen F, Ye W, Ding G, Wang X. Bioinformatics identification of dysregulated microRNAs in triple negative breast cancer based on microRNA expression profiling. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3017-3023. [PMID: 29435032 PMCID: PMC5778821 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancer cases and is usually more aggressive with a poorer clinical outcome compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Evidence of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer has provided an opportunity for the development of novel effective therapeutic targets in TNBC. In the present study, the miRNA expression profiles of the human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells, was evaluated by using miRNA microarray analysis. A total of 107 differentially expressed miRNAs (57 upregulated and 50 downregulated) were identified in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with MCF-7 cells. Five prominently dysregulated miRNAs (miR-200c-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-192-5p and miR-146a) were further confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, gene ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the dysregulated miRNAs and predicted targets were found to be involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways, which were known to contribute to TNBC progression and metastasis. Finally, miRNA gene network analyses suggested that miR-200c may serve as a crucial miRNA in breast cancer. Taken together, these findings may provide a comprehensive view of the function of aberrant miRNAs involved in TNBC, and dysregulated miRNAs hold promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Weiwu Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Ding
- Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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