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Le Verger K. Xenarthrans of the collection of Santiago Roth from the Pampean Region of Argentina (Pleistocene), in Zurich, Switzerland. SWISS JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY 2023; 142:3. [PMID: 37009302 PMCID: PMC10049960 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-023-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work concerns xenarthrans from the collection of Santiago (Kaspar Jakob) Roth (1850-1924) housed at the Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zurich, one of the most important collections of Pleistocene mammals from Argentina in Europe. Roth was a paleontologist originally from Switzerland who prospected and collected a large amount of Pleistocene megafauna of the Pampean Region of Argentina. The xenarthrans are the main representatives of this collection in Zurich, with 150 specimens. Since 1920, this material has not been revised and is under studied. The present investigation corresponds to a taxonomic revision resulting in 114 reassignments, leading to document xenarthran diversity and discuss their paleoecologies. The high diversity reflects the paleoecology of the Pampean Region during the Pleistocene, with the various abiotic events that impacted the paleoenvironment of this region. Within the Cingulata, the Pampean Region fauna was probably dominated by glyptodonts with a high representation of Glyptodontinae and Neosclerocalyptinae while within the sloths the highest diversity and abundance is found in the Mylodontinae and Scelidotheriinae. These four clades represent both species with high ecological tolerance (e.g., Glyptodon munizi; Catonyx tarijensis) and ecologically highly specialized species (e.g., Neosclerocalyptus paskoensis; Scelidotherium leptocephalum). The presence of such ecological diversity underlines the status of the Pampean Region as a major interest for paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13358-023-00265-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Le Verger
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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Ferreiro AM, Soibelzon E, Pinotti JD, Poljak S, Chiappero MB. Reconstructing the distribution of Chacoan biota from current and past evidence: the case of the southern three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes matacus (Desmarest, 1804). J MAMM EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-022-09627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yamauchi DH, Garcia Garces H, Teixeira MDM, Rodrigues GFB, Ullmann LS, Garcia Garces A, Hebeler-Barbosa F, Bagagli E. Soil Mycobiome Is Shaped by Vegetation and Microhabitats: A Regional-Scale Study in Southeastern Brazil. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:587. [PMID: 34436126 PMCID: PMC8396882 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is the principal habitat and reservoir of fungi that act on ecological processes vital for life on Earth. Understanding soil fungal community structures and the patterns of species distribution is crucial, considering climatic change and the increasing anthropic impacts affecting nature. We evaluated the soil fungal diversity in southeastern Brazil, in a transitional region that harbors patches of distinct biomes and ecoregions. The samples originated from eight habitats, namely: semi-deciduous forest, Brazilian savanna, pasture, coffee and sugarcane plantation, abandoned buildings, owls' and armadillos' burrows. Forty-four soil samples collected in two periods were evaluated by metagenomic approaches, focusing on the high-throughput DNA sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA region in the Illumina platform. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used for vegetation cover analysis. NDVI values showed a linear relationship with both diversity and richness, reinforcing the importance of a healthy vegetation for the establishment of a diverse and complex fungal community. The owls' burrows presented a peculiar fungal composition, including high rates of Onygenales, commonly associated with keratinous animal wastes, and Trichosporonales, a group of basidiomycetous yeasts. Levels of organic matter and copper influenced all guild communities analyzed, supporting them as important drivers in shaping the fungal communities' structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hamae Yamauchi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (H.G.G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Hans Garcia Garces
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (H.G.G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Fellipe Barros Rodrigues
- Department of Biostatistics, Plant Biology, Parasitology and Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Leila Sabrina Ullmann
- Institute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adalberto Garcia Garces
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (H.G.G.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Flavia Hebeler-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical School, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (H.G.G.); (A.G.G.)
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Scarano AC, Ciancio MR, Barbeito-Andrés J, Barbeito CG, Krmpotic CM. Micromorphology of osteoderms in Dasypodidae (Cingulata, Mammalia): Characterization and 3D-reconstructions. J Morphol 2019; 281:258-272. [PMID: 31880831 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteoderms are present in a variety of extinct and extant vertebrates, but among mammals, the presence of osteoderms is essentially restricted to armadillos (Cingulata, Dasypodidae). Osteoderms have been proposed to exhibit a variety of functionalities in Dasypodidae, mainly protection and thermoregulation, and they have been considered as one of the synapomorphies of this group. In this study, we use high-resolution microcomputed tomography to describe the osteoderm micromorphology of several extant species of Dasypodidae in a comparative context. This study allowed the identification, 3D-reconstruction and volume quantification of different internal structures of osteoderms as well as their interrelations. This detailed characterization of the internal osteoderm morphology was compared in a phylogenetic context to assess the evolutionary trends of the species involved. This enables the identification of distinctive patterns for the most widely recognized clades, the Dasypodinae and Euphractinae with a morphological homogeneity in the microstructure of their osteoderms, in comparison with Tolypeutinae where it has not been possible to establish a common morphological pattern. The most important features for linage differentiation is the degree of compaction of the osteoderms, the number of cavities and the development of hairs. It is likely that the differential development of the various structures occurred as adaptive response to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejo C Scarano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Morfología Evolutiva y Desarrollo (MORPHOS), Museo de la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin R Ciancio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Morfología Evolutiva y Desarrollo (MORPHOS), Museo de la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andrés
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,ENyS, Estudios en Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET, Hospital El Cruce Dr, "Néstor C. Kirchner", Universidad Arturo Jauretche, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia M Krmpotic
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Morfología Evolutiva y Desarrollo (MORPHOS), Museo de la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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