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Evolution: Back to heavy bones in salty seas. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R42-R44. [PMID: 35015995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In amniote vertebrates that transitioned from land to sea, bone mass typically increases and later decreases as active swimming evolves. A new study now has found that heavy bones re-evolved in some fossil marine mammals, suggesting that this trajectory can be reversed.
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Dewaele L, Gol'din P, Marx FG, Lambert O, Laurin M, Obadă T, de Buffrénil V. Hypersalinity drives convergent bone mass increases in Miocene marine mammals from the Paratethys. Curr Biol 2021; 32:248-255.e2. [PMID: 34813730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pachyosteosclerosis-a condition that creates dense, bulky bones-often characterizes the early evolution of secondarily aquatic tetrapods like whales and dolphins1-3 but then usually fades away as swimming efficiency increases.4 Here, we document a remarkable reversal of this pattern, namely the convergent re-emergence of bone densification in Miocene seals, dolphins, and whales from the epicontinental Paratethys Sea of eastern Europe and central Asia. This phenomenon was driven by imbalanced remodeling and inhibited resorption of primary trabeculae and coincided with hypersaline conditions-the Badenian salinity crisis-that affected the Central Paratethys between 13.8 and 13.4 Ma.5 Dense bones acting as ballast would have facilitated efficient swimming in the denser and more buoyant water and hence were likely adaptive in this setting. From the Central Paratethys, pachyosteosclerosis subsequently spread eastward, where it became a defining feature of the endemic late Miocene whale assemblage.6,7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Dewaele
- EDDy Lab, Department of Geology, Liège University, Quartier Agora, 14 Allée du six Août, Liège 4000, Belgium; Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Rue Vautier, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | - Pavel Gol'din
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, vul. Bogdana Khmelnytskogo 15, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine; Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Ecology of the Sea, Frantsuzsky Blvrd. 89, Odessa 65009, Ukraine.
| | - Felix G Marx
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, 169 Tory Street, Wellington 6011, New Zealand; Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Walk, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Olivier Lambert
- Directorate Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 Rue Vautier, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | - Michel Laurin
- UMR 7207 (CNRS ⁄ MNHN ⁄ UPMC, Sorbonne Universités), Centre de Recherches de Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Theodor Obadă
- Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, str. Academiei, 1 MD-2028, Chișinău, Moldova.
| | - Vivian de Buffrénil
- UMR 7207 (CNRS ⁄ MNHN ⁄ UPMC, Sorbonne Universités), Centre de Recherches de Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 75005, France.
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The Hind Limbs of Sobrarbesiren cardieli (Eocene, Northeastern Spain) and New Insights into the Locomotion Capabilities of the Quadrupedal Sirenians. J MAMM EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-019-09482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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