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d'Aiello AF, Cabitza F, Natali C, Viganò S, Ferrero P, Bognoni L, Pasqualin G, Giamberti A, Chessa M. The Effect of Holographic Heart Models and Mixed Reality for Anatomy Learning in Congenital Heart Disease: An Exploratory Study. J Med Syst 2023; 47:64. [PMID: 37195484 PMCID: PMC10191923 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-01959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an exploratory study on the potential impact of holographic heart models and mixed reality technology on medical training, and in particular in teaching complex Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) to medical students. Fifty-nine medical students were randomly allocated into three groups. Each participant in each group received a 30-minute lecture on a CHD condition interpretation and transcatheter treatment with different instructional tools. The participants of the first group attended a lecture in which traditional slides were projected onto a flat screen (group "regular slideware", RS). The second group was shown slides incorporating videos of holographic anatomical models (group "holographic videos", HV). Finally, those in the third group wore immersive, head-mounted devices (HMD) to interact directly with holographic anatomical models (group "mixed reality", MR). At the end of the lecture, the members of each group were asked to fill in a multiple-choice questionnaire aimed at evaluating their topic proficiency, as a proxy to evaluate the effectiveness of the training session (in terms of acquired notions); participants from group MR were also asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the recommendability and usability of the MS Hololens HMDs, as a proxy of satisfaction regarding its use experience (UX). The findings show promising results for usability and user acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Fabio d'Aiello
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Cabitza
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca 336, Milano, 20126, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, Milano, 20157, Italy.
| | - Chiara Natali
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca 336, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Sophia Viganò
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, viale Sarca 336, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferrero
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Bognoni
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasqualin
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giamberti
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Chessa
- ACHD UNIT, Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Italy
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita e Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milano, 20132, Italy
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Gharleghi R, Adikari D, Ellenberger K, Webster M, Ellis C, Sowmya A, Ooi S, Beier S. Annotated computed tomography coronary angiogram images and associated data of normal and diseased arteries. Sci Data 2023; 10:128. [PMID: 36899014 PMCID: PMC10006074 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) is a non-invasive method to evaluate coronary artery anatomy and disease. CTCA is ideal for geometry reconstruction to create virtual models of coronary arteries. To our knowledge there is no public dataset that includes centrelines and segmentation of the full coronary tree. We provide anonymized CTCA images, voxel-wise annotations and associated data in the form of centrelines, calcification scores and meshes of the coronary lumen in 20 normal and 20 diseased cases. Images were obtained along with patient information with informed, written consent as part of the Coronary Atlas. Cases were classified as normal (zero calcium score with no signs of stenosis) or diseased (confirmed coronary artery disease). Manual voxel-wise segmentations by three experts were combined using majority voting to generate the final annotations. Provided data can be used for a variety of research purposes, such as 3D printing patient-specific models, development and validation of segmentation algorithms, education and training of medical personnel and in-silico analyses such as testing of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gharleghi
- Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - D Adikari
- Prince of Wales Clinical School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Ellenberger
- Prince of Wales Clinical School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Webster
- Auckland City Hospital, 2 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - C Ellis
- Auckland City Hospital, 2 Park Road, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - A Sowmya
- Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - S Ooi
- Prince of Wales Clinical School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Beier
- Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Birlo M, Edwards PJE, Clarkson M, Stoyanov D. Utility of optical see-through head mounted displays in augmented reality-assisted surgery: A systematic review. Med Image Anal 2022; 77:102361. [PMID: 35168103 PMCID: PMC10466024 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2022.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of optical see-through head mounted display (OST-HMD) usage in augmented reality (AR) surgery applications from 2013 to 2020. Articles were categorised by: OST-HMD device, surgical speciality, surgical application context, visualisation content, experimental design and evaluation, accuracy and human factors of human-computer interaction. 91 articles fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Some clear trends emerge. The Microsoft HoloLens increasingly dominates the field, with orthopaedic surgery being the most popular application (28.6%). By far the most common surgical context is surgical guidance (n=58) and segmented preoperative models dominate visualisation (n=40). Experiments mainly involve phantoms (n=43) or system setup (n=21), with patient case studies ranking third (n=19), reflecting the comparative infancy of the field. Experiments cover issues from registration to perception with very different accuracy results. Human factors emerge as significant to OST-HMD utility. Some factors are addressed by the systems proposed, such as attention shift away from the surgical site and mental mapping of 2D images to 3D patient anatomy. Other persistent human factors remain or are caused by OST-HMD solutions, including ease of use, comfort and spatial perception issues. The significant upward trend in published articles is clear, but such devices are not yet established in the operating room and clinical studies showing benefit are lacking. A focused effort addressing technical registration and perceptual factors in the lab coupled with design that incorporates human factors considerations to solve clear clinical problems should ensure that the significant current research efforts will succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Birlo
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK.
| | - P J Eddie Edwards
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Matthew Clarkson
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London (UCL), Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK
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Li Q, Huang C, Yao Z, Chen Y, Ma L. Continuous dynamic gesture spotting algorithm based on Dempster-Shafer Theory in the augmented reality human computer interaction. Int J Med Robot 2018; 14:e1931. [PMID: 29956447 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-computer interaction (HCI) is an important feature of augmented reality (AR) technology. The naturalness is the inevitable trend of HCI. Gesture is the most natural and frequently used body auxiliary interaction mode in daily interactions except for language. However, there are often meaningless, subconscious gesture intervals between the two adjacent dynamic gestures. So, continuous dynamic gesture spotting is the premise and basis of dynamic gesture recognition, but there is no mature and unified algorithm to solve this problem. AIMS In order to realize the natural HCI based on gesture recognition entirely, a general AR application development platform is presented in this paper. METHODS According to the position and pose tracking data of the user's hand, the dynamic gesture spotting algorithm based on evidence theory is proposed. Firstly, Through analysis of the speed change of hand motion during the dynamic gestures, three knowledge rules are summed up. Then, accurate dynamic gesture spotting is realized with the application of evidence reasoning. Moreover, this algorithm first detects the starting point of gesture in the rising trend of hand motion speed, eliminates the delay between spotting and recognition, and thus ensures real-time performance. Finally, the algorithm is verified in several AR applications developed on the platform. RESULTS There are two main experimental results. First, there are six users participating in the dynamic gesture spotting experiment, and the gesture spotting accuracy can meet the demand. Second, The accuracy of recognition after spotting is higher than that of the simultaneous recognition and spotting. CONCLUSION So, It can be concluded that the proposed continuous dynamic gesture spotting algorithm based on Dempster-Shafer theory can extract almost all the effective dynamic gestures in the HCI of our AR platform, and on this basis, it can effectively improve the accuracy of the subsequent dynamic gesture recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Yao
- Digital Media and HCI Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhuang Ma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Shinbane JS, Saxon LA. Virtual medicine: Utilization of the advanced cardiac imaging patient avatar for procedural planning and facilitation. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2017; 12:16-27. [PMID: 29198733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances in imaging technology have led to a paradigm shift from planning of cardiovascular procedures and surgeries requiring the actual patient in a "brick and mortar" hospital to utilization of the digitalized patient in the virtual hospital. Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) digitalized 3-D patient representation of individual patient anatomy and physiology serves as an avatar allowing for virtual delineation of the most optimal approaches to cardiovascular procedures and surgeries prior to actual hospitalization. Pre-hospitalization reconstruction and analysis of anatomy and pathophysiology previously only accessible during the actual procedure could potentially limit the intrinsic risks related to time in the operating room, cardiac procedural laboratory and overall hospital environment. Although applications are specific to areas of cardiovascular specialty focus, there are unifying themes related to the utilization of technologies. The virtual patient avatar computer can also be used for procedural planning, computational modeling of anatomy, simulation of predicted therapeutic result, printing of 3-D models, and augmentation of real time procedural performance. Examples of the above techniques are at various stages of development for application to the spectrum of cardiovascular disease processes, including percutaneous, surgical and hybrid minimally invasive interventions. A multidisciplinary approach within medicine and engineering is necessary for creation of robust algorithms for maximal utilization of the virtual patient avatar in the digital medical center. Utilization of the virtual advanced cardiac imaging patient avatar will play an important role in the virtual health care system. Although there has been a rapid proliferation of early data, advanced imaging applications require further assessment and validation of accuracy, reproducibility, standardization, safety, efficacy, quality, cost effectiveness, and overall value to medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerold S Shinbane
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/USC Center for Body Computing, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Leslie A Saxon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/USC Center for Body Computing, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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