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Migliore A, Alekseeva L, Avasthi SR, Bannuru RR, Chevalier X, Conrozier T, Crimaldi S, de Campos GC, Diracoglu D, Gigliucci G, Herrero-Beaumont G, Iolascon G, Ionescu R, Jerosch J, Lains J, Maheu E, Makri S, Martusevich N, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pavelka K, Petrella RJ, Raman R, Tarantino U. Early Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (EOAQ): a tool to assess knee osteoarthritis at initial stage. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X221131604. [PMID: 36860967 PMCID: PMC9969428 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221131604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by joint stiffness and pain as well as by subclinical structural changes that may affect cartilage, synovium, and bone. At the moment, the lack of a validated definition of early osteoarthritis (EOA) does not allow to make an early diagnosis and adopt a therapeutic strategy to slow disease progression. Also, no questionnaires are available to evaluate the early stage, and therefore this remains an unmet need. Objective Therefore, the purpose of the technical experts panel (TEP) of 'International Symposium of intra-articular treatment' (ISIAT) was to create a specific questionnaire to evaluate and monitor the follow-up and clinical progress of patients affected by early knee OA. Design The items for the Early Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (EOAQ) were identified according to the following steps: items generation, items reduction, and pre-test submission. Methods During the first step, literature has been reviewed and a comprehensive list of items about pain and function in knee EOA was drafted. Then, during the ISIAT (5th edition 2019), the draft has been discussed by the board, which reformulated, deleted, or subdivided some of the items. After the ISIAT symposium, the draft was submitted to 24 subjects affected by knee OA. A score based on the importance and the frequency was created and the items with a score ⩾0.75 were selected. After intermediate evaluation made by a sample of patients, the second and final version of the questionnaire EOAQ was submitted to the whole board for final analysis and acceptance in a second meeting (29 January 2021). Results After an exhaustive elaboration, the final version of the questionnaire contains two domains (Clinical Features and Patients Reported Outcome) with respectively 2 and 9 questions, for a total of 11 questions. Questions mainly explored the fields of early symptoms and patients reported outcomes. Marginally, the need of the symptoms treatment and the use of painkillers were investigated. Conclusions Adoption of diagnostic criteria of early OA is strongly encouraged and a specific questionnaire for the whole management of the clinical features and patients' outcome might really improve the evolution of OA in the early stages of the disease, when the treatment is expected to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liudmila Alekseeva
- Department of Metabolic Diseases of Bone and
Joints, VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian
Federation
| | - Sachin R. Avasthi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dr Ram
Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Raveendhara R. Bannuru
- Centre for Treatment Comparison and Integrative
Analysis Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Centre, Boston, MA,
USA
| | | | | | - Sergio Crimaldi
- Chirurgia Ortopedica Mininvasiva e Nuove
Tecnologie, Humanitas Research Hospital, Castellanza, Italy
| | - Gustavo C. de Campos
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,
University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Demirhan Diracoglu
- Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation Division of Pain Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul,
Turkey
| | | | | | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties
and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘L Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy
| | - Ruxandra Ionescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and
Rheumatology Sf. Maria Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol
Davila’, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jörg Jerosch
- Orthopaedic Department, Johanna Etienne
Hospital, Neuss, Germany
| | - Jorge Lains
- Physical Rehabilitation Medicine Department,
Rovisco Pais Medical and Rehabilitation Centre, Tocha, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Maheu
- Rheumatology Department, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine
Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Souz Makri
- EUPATI Graduate and Patient Advocate,
Brussels, Belgium
| | - Natalia Martusevich
- Department of Rheumatology, Belorussian State
Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Robert J. Petrella
- Department of Family Medicine, School of
Kinesiology University Western Ontario, Ontario, ON, Canada
| | - Raghu Raman
- Academic Department of Orthopaedics, Hull and
East Yorkshire NHS Trust Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,
‘Policlinico Tor Vergata’ Foundation, Rome, Italy
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