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Björkelund C, Petersson EL, Svenningsson I, Saxvik A, Wiegner L, Hensing G, Jonsdottir IH, Larsson M, Wikberg C, Ariai N, Nejati S, Hange D. Effects of adding early cooperation and a work-place dialogue meeting to primary care management for sick-listed patients with stress-related disorders: CO-WORK-CARE-Stress - a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Scand J Prim Health Care 2024; 42:378-392. [PMID: 38555865 PMCID: PMC11332284 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2329212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether intensified cooperation between general practitioner (GP), care manager and rehabilitation coordinator (RC) for patients sick-listed for stress-related mental disorder, combined with a person-centred dialogue meeting with employer, could reduce sick-leave days compared with usual care manager contact. DESIGN Pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial, randomisation at primary care centre (PCC) level. SETTING PCCs in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, with care manager organisation. PARTICIPANTS Of 30 invited PCCs, 28 (93%) accepted the invitation and recruited 258 patients newly sick-listed due to stress-related mental disorder (n = 142 intervention, n = 116 control PCCs). INTERVENTION Cooperation between GP, care manager and rehabilitation coordinator from start of illness notification plus a person-centred dialogue meeting between patient and employer within 3 months. Regular contact with care manager was continued at the control PCCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 12-months net and gross number of sick-leave days. Secondary outcomes: Symptoms of stress, depression, anxiety; work ability and health related quality of life (EQ-5D) over 12 months. RESULTS There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups after 12 months: days on sick-leave (12-months net sick-leave days, intervention, mean = 110.7 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 82.6 - 138.8); control, mean = 99.1 days (95% CI 73.9 - 124.3)), stress, depression, or anxiety symptoms, work ability or EQ-5D. There were no significant differences between intervention and control groups concerning proportion on sick-leave after 3, 6, 12 months. At 3 months 64.8% were on sick-leave in intervention group vs 54.3% in control group; 6 months 38% vs 32.8%, and12 months 16.9% vs 15.5%. CONCLUSION Increased cooperation at the PCC between GP, care manager and RC for stress-related mental disorder coupled with an early workplace contact in the form of a person-centred dialogue meeting does not reduce days of sick-leave or speed up rehabilitation.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03250026 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03250026?tab=results#publicationsCO-WORK-CAREFirst Posted: August 15, 2017. Recruitment of PCCs: September 2017. Inclusion of patients from December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Björkelund
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - E.-L. Petersson
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - I. Svenningsson
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - A. Saxvik
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. Wiegner
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - G. Hensing
- Social Medicine/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I. H. Jonsdottir
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Västra Götaland, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Larsson
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
- Unit of Physiotherapy/Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Wikberg
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - N. Ariai
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - S. Nejati
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - D. Hange
- Primary Health Care/Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Development & Innovation, Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
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Lettinga HAM, van Oostrom SH, Zijlstra HP, Anema JR, Proper KI. RESTART: a stepped-care approach to facilitate return to work for employees with psychological distress: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2288. [PMID: 39174959 PMCID: PMC11342556 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental health problems, such as stress, anxiety and depression, are highly prevalent among workers and often lead to long-term absenteeism and work disability. Effective elements found in previous researched interventions were to explicitly focus on return to work (RTW) and not solely on symptom reduction, to take into account the employees' cognition towards RTW and to include the workplace environment. Based on these elements, a stepped-care approach was developed. The aim of this paper is to present the study design of a randomized controlled trial (RESTART), evaluating the effectiveness of the stepped-care approach on lasting RTW and the implementation process. METHODS RESTART is a randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design and a follow-up of one year. Employees eligible for this study are those who reported sick within 2 to 8 weeks with psychological distress based on a distress screener. Participants will be randomized to a group receiving a tailored e-Health app or usual care, as well as randomized to a group receiving a Participatory Approach (PA; conversational method) in the workplace or usual care. The PA will however only be provided in case of persistent sickness absence at 8 weeks. Measurements take place at baseline, after the e-Health intervention period (3 months), and after the PA intervention period (6 months) and 12 months. Primary outcome is lasting RTW, defined as full RTW in previous or equal work for at least four consecutive weeks. Secondary outcomes are (the severity of) stress-related symptoms, total number of sickness absence days, self-efficacy for RTW and self-reported health. A process evaluation including a realist evaluation will also be conducted. DISCUSSION Early intervention that focuses on RTW, the cognition towards RTW despite symptoms and involves the workplace environment, plays a crucial role in managing sickness absence among employees with psychological distress. If effective, the stepped-care approach is relevant for employees, employers and society as a whole. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN: 90663076. Registered on 5 October 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke A M Lettinga
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra H van Oostrom
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin I Proper
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Beerda DCE, Greidanus MA, de Rijk AE, de Wind A, Tamminga SJ, Schaafsma FG. The SME tool supporting employers of small- and medium-sized enterprises during the return to work of employees on long-term sick leave: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial and for a process evaluation. Trials 2024; 25:541. [PMID: 39152487 PMCID: PMC11328497 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Returning to work after long-term sick leave can be challenging, particularly in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) where support may be limited. Recognizing the responsibilities and challenges of SME employers, a web-based intervention (hereafter the SME tool) has been developed. The SME tool aims to enhance the employer's intention and ability to support the sick-listed employee. Based on the Self-Determination Theory, it is hypothesized that this intention is enhanced by intervening in the employer's autonomy, competences, and relatedness targeted at, e.g., communication with sick-listed employee, involvement of other stakeholders, and practical support. This is achieved by means of providing templates, communication videos, and information on legislation. This article describes the design of an effect and process evaluation of the SME tool. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 6-month follow-up will be conducted with a parallel-group design with two arms: an intervention group and a control group. Sick-listed employees (≤ 8 weeks) of SMEs (≤ 250 employees) at risk of long-term sick leave and their employers will be recruited and randomly allocated as a dyad (1:1). Employers randomized to the intervention group receive unlimited access to the SME tool, while those in the control group will receive care as usual. The primary outcome is the satisfaction of the employee with the return to work (RTW) support provided by their employer. Secondary outcomes include social support, work performance, and quality of work life at the employee level and self-efficacy in providing RTW support at the employer level. Outcomes will be assessed using questionnaires at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Process evaluation measures include, e.g., recruitment and use of and perceived usefulness of the SME tool. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with employers, employees, and occupational physicians will explore the interpretation of the RCT results and strategies for the national implementation of the SME tool. DISCUSSION The SME tool is hypothesized to be valuable in addition to usual care helping employers to effectively support the RTW of their long-term sick-listed employees, by improving the employers' intention and ability to support. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06330415. Registered on February 14, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C E Beerda
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Michiel A Greidanus
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angelique E de Rijk
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Research Institute Primary Care and Public Health (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid de Wind
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sietske J Tamminga
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederieke G Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mulder M, Kok R, Aben B, de Wind A. Incidence Rates and Predictors of Recurrent Long-Term Mental Sickness Absence Due to Common Mental Disorders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2024:10.1007/s10926-024-10226-7. [PMID: 39066861 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several predictors have been identified for mental sickness absence, but those for recurrences are not well-understood. This study assesses recurrence rates for long-term mental sickness absence (LTMSA) within subgroups of common mental disorders (CMDs) and identifies predictors of recurrent LTMSA. METHODS This historical prospective cohort study used routinely collected data from 16,310 employees obtained from a nationally operating Dutch occupational health service (ArboNed). Total follow-up duration was 23,334 person-years. Overall recurrence rates were assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimators. Recurrence rates within subgroups of CMDs were calculated using person-years. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors. RESULTS 15.6% of employees experienced a recurrent LTMSA episode within three years after fully returning to work after a previous LTMSA episode. Highest recurrence rates for LTMSA were observed after a previous LTMSA episode due to mood or anxiety disorders. Mood or anxiety disorders and shorter previous episode duration were predictors of recurrent LTMSA. No associations were found for age, gender, company size, full-time equivalent and job tenure. CONCLUSION Employees should be monitored adequately after they fully returned to work after LTMSA. It is recommended to monitor high-risk employees (i.e. employees with mood or anxiety disorders and short LTMSA episode) more intensively, also beyond full return to work. Moreover, diagnosis of anxiety and depressive symptoms should be given a higher priority in occupational healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mulder
- Department of Research and Development, HumanTotalCare B.V., Zwarte Woud 10, Utrecht, 3524 SJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin Kok
- Department of Research and Development, HumanTotalCare B.V., Zwarte Woud 10, Utrecht, 3524 SJ, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Aben
- Department of Research and Development, HumanTotalCare B.V., Zwarte Woud 10, Utrecht, 3524 SJ, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid de Wind
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fan J, Tan X, Smith AP, Wang J. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and stress among gas station workers in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081853. [PMID: 38969368 PMCID: PMC11227785 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are disorders of the musculoskeletal system that have the highest prevalence among workers worldwide. Workers in gas stations usually work in poor ergonomic working conditions, including prolonged standing and repetitive posturing. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and fatigue and to identify the predictors of WMSDs among gas station workers. DESIGN The present study was a cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 2962 gas station workers from an oil and gas company in China, with ages ranging from 17 to 75 years old, 55.47% female. RESULTS The prevalence of WMSDs within the 12 months prior to the study was 73.23%, with the highest prevalence in the neck, shoulders, ankles and feet. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between fatigue, stress and WMSDs. Fatigue and job role were the strongest predictors of WMSDs, with an OR range of 2.211-3.413. CONCLUSIONS This research identified the detrimental impact of WMSDs and fatigue on gas station workers, indicating the critical need for interventions to reduce WMSDs and relieve fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Timp S, van Foreest N, Roelen C. Gender differences in long term sickness absence. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:178. [PMID: 38225639 PMCID: PMC10789064 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sickness absence is a major public health problem, given its high cost and negative impact on employee well-being. Understanding sickness absence duration and recovery rates among different groups is useful to develop effective strategies for enhancing recovery and reducing costs related to sickness absence. METHODS Our study analyzed data from a large occupational health service, including over 5 million sick-listed employees from 2010 to 2020, out of which almost 600,000 cases were diagnosed by an occupational health physician. We classified each case according to diagnosis and gender, and performed descriptive statistical analysis for each category. In addition, we used survival analysis to determine recovery rates for each group. RESULTS Mean sickness duration and recovery rate both differ significantly among groups. Mental and musculoskeletal disorders had the longest absence duration. Recovery rates differed especially during the first months of sickness absence. For men the recovery rate was nearly constant during the first 1.5 year, for women the recovery rate was relatively low in the first three months, and then stayed nearly constant for 1.5 year. CONCLUSION Across almost all diagnostic classes, it was consistently observed that women had longer average sickness absence durations than to men. Considering mental disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, women had relatively lower recovery rates during the initial months compared to men. As time progressed, the recovery rates of both genders converged and became more similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Timp
- Arbo Unie, Laan Corpus Den Hoorn 102, 4, Groningen, 9728 JR, the Netherlands
| | - Nicky van Foreest
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, Groningen, 9747 AE, the Netherlands.
| | - Corné Roelen
- Arbo Unie, Laan Corpus Den Hoorn 102, 4, Groningen, 9728 JR, the Netherlands
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Barsties LS, van den Berg SW, Leone SS, Nicolaou M, van Oostrom SH. A system science perspective on burn-out: development of an expert-based causal loop diagram. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1271591. [PMID: 38035310 PMCID: PMC10687398 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1271591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Burn-out leads to reduced worker well-being, long-term absenteeism, and high costs for employers and society. Determinants at different levels may affect burn-out in an interrelated and dynamic manner. The aim of the present study was to apply a broader systems perspective by exploring and visualizing the complex system of determinants at different levels (living conditions, working conditions, and societal developments) underlying the prevalence of burn-out in the Netherlands. Methods During three group model building (GMB) sessions with in total eight experts on workers' mental health, a causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed and relevant feedback loops were identified. For the selection of determinants to be included in the CLD a recently published overview of determinants on burn-out at different levels was used. Experts could also add factors that were not listed in the overview. Results The final CLD consists of 20 factors and depicts a central position of working conditions. Societal developments (e.g., access to mental health care, size of the working population, rougher social climate, etc.) were mostly located at the outside of the CLD and barely integrated in feedback loops. Several reinforcing feedback loops resulting in an increase of the prevalence of burn-out were identified in which the factors (very) high workload, imbalance between work and private life, and insufficient recovery time play an important role. Also, several balancing loops were found that visualize the crucial role of functional support from supervisors to prevent burn-out among workers. Discussion Applying a broader systems perspective, including determinants at different levels, offers new insights into dynamic feedback loops that contribute to the prevalence of burn-out. Supervisors, amongst others, have a considerable impact on the system underlying the high prevalence of burn-out and may therefore contribute to its prevention. Even though societal developments were less integrated in feedback loops, they might be considered drivers of existing feedback loops. The results from this study confirm that determinants at various levels underly the prevalence of burn-out. To be able to address the diversity of determinants underlying a high prevalence of burn-out, a complex system approach can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Barsties
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Stephanie S. Leone
- Department of Mental Health & Prevention, Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra H. van Oostrom
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Orhan Pees S, van Oostrom SH, Schaafsma FG, Proper KI. The development and evaluation of an intervention to promote the uptake of preventive tasks by occupational physicians targeting work-related mental health problems: protocol for the IM-PROmPt-study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1948. [PMID: 37805468 PMCID: PMC10560407 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Work-related mental health problems are a major and growing public and occupational health issue. Although prevention of work-related disease is a central task in the work of occupational physicians, implementation of preventive tasks can still improve. The aim of this paper is to present the development of an intervention to support occupational physicians in the execution of preventive tasks and a protocol for its evaluation. METHODS An intervention to support occupational physicians has been developed making use of the implementation mapping protocol. The intervention was based on barriers and facilitators for the execution of preventive tasks, input from stakeholders, and evidence-based strategies from literature. RESULTS The intervention consists of three peer group supervision meetings directed to preventive tasks. During these meetings, occupational physicians will receive materials and will use goal-setting to formulate their own action plans. The IM-PROmPt-study (Implementation of PReventive tasks by Occupational Physicians) is a two-armed cluster randomized controlled trial, comparing peer group supervision directed to the implementation of preventive tasks for occupational physicians with usual peer group supervision. The evaluation will include an effect and process evaluation to examine if the intervention is successful in supporting OPs to implement preventive activities, specifically aimed to prevent work-related mental health problems. DISCUSSION The intervention is expected to lead to more knowledge and awareness of the value of prevention among OPs, anticipated to lead to both organizational and individual gains. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry; ISRCTN15394765. Registered on 27 June 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orhan Pees
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health , Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands.
- Department Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S H van Oostrom
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health , Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
| | - F G Schaafsma
- Department Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K I Proper
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health , Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721 MA, The Netherlands
- Department Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lambreghts C, Vandenbroeck S, Goorts K, Godderis L. Return-to-work interventions for sick-listed employees with burnout: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:538-544. [PMID: 37500536 PMCID: PMC10447379 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Burnout is a work-related mental health problem that often causes long-term sickness absence. Return-to-work (RTW) interventions for burned-out sick-listed employees aim to prevent long-term work disability. This systematic review addresses two questions: (1) Which interventions for burned-out sick-listed employees have been studied?; (2) What is the effect of these interventions on RTW?We performed a systematic literature review and searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2022. We searched for articles of interventions for burned-out sick-listed employees. We conducted the review in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Outcome was RTW.We identified 2160 articles after removal of all duplicates. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. RTW outcomes were number of sick-leave days, sick-leave rates, median period of RTW and worked hours per week. Five studies described person-directed interventions, one described a workplace-directed intervention, one described a combination of both intervention types and one study described all three types of intervention. Only the workplace-directed intervention showed a significant improvement in RTW compared with the comparator group: at 18-month follow-up, 89% of the intervention group had returned to work compared with 73% of the comparator group.Only a limited number of studies have explored interventions specifically focused on burned-out sick-listed employees and the effect on RTW. Due to heterogeneity and moderate to high risk of bias of these studies, no firm conclusions can be drawn on the described interventions and their effect on RTW.The study was registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42018089155).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lambreghts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care-Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Knowledge, Information and Research Department, IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandenbroeck
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care-Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Knowledge, Information and Research Department, IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kaat Goorts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care-Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care-Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Knowledge, Information and Research Department, IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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