1
|
Gonnabathula P, Choi MK, Li M, Kabadi SV, Fairman K. Utility of life stage-specific chemical risk assessments based on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 190:114789. [PMID: 38844066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The safety assessments for chemicals targeted for use or expected to be exposed to specific life stages, including infancy, childhood, pregnancy and lactation, and geriatrics, need to account for extrapolation of data from healthy adults to these populations to assess their human health risk. However, often adequate and relevant toxicity or pharmacokinetic (PK) data of chemicals in specific life stages are not available. For such chemicals, New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, biologically based dose response (BBDR) modeling, in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), etc. can be used to understand the variability of exposure and effects of chemicals in specific life stages and assess their associated risk. A life stage specific PBPK model incorporates the physiological and biochemical changes associated with each life stage and simulates their impact on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of these chemicals. In our review, we summarize the parameterization of life stage models based on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) and discuss case studies that highlight the utility of a life stage based PBPK modeling for risk assessment. In addition, we discuss the utility of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) and other computational models, such as those based on in vitro data, as tools for estimation of relevant physiological or physicochemical parameters and selection of model. We also discuss existing gaps in the available toxicological datasets and current challenges that need to be overcome to expand the utility of NAMs for life stage-specific chemical risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Gonnabathula
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Me-Kyoung Choi
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Shruti V Kabadi
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Kiara Fairman
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mozaffari S, Bayatian M, Hsieh NH, Khadem M, Garmaroudi AA, Ashrafi K, Shahtaheri SJ. Reconstruction of exposure to methylene diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol using computational fluid dynamics, physiologically based toxicokinetics and statistical modeling. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:285-299. [PMID: 38019695 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2285772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD), physiologically based toxicokinetics (PBTK), and statistical modeling to reconstruct exposure to methylene diphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) aerosol. By utilizing a validated CFD model, human respiratory deposition of MDI aerosol in different workload conditions was investigated, while a PBTK model was calibrated using experimental rat data. Biomonitoring data and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation were utilized for exposure assessment. RESULTS Deposition fraction of MDI in the respiratory tract at the light, moderate, and heavy activity were 0.038, 0.079, and 0.153, respectively. Converged MCMC results as the posterior means and prior values were obtained for several PBTK model parameters. In our study, we calibrated a rat model to investigate the transport, absorption, and elimination of 4,4'-MDI via inhalation exposure. The calibration process successfully captured experimental data in the lungs, liver, blood, and kidneys, allowing for a reasonable representation of MDI distribution within the rat model. Our calibrated model also represents MDI dynamics in the bloodstream, facilitating the assessment of bioavailability. For human exposure, we validated the model for recent and long-term MDI exposure using data from relevant studies. CONCLUSION Our computational models provide reasonable insights into MDI exposure, contributing to informed risk assessment and the development of effective exposure reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Mozaffari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Bayatian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, TX A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Monireh Khadem
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbasi Garmaroudi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Ashrafi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habiballah S, Reisfeld B. Adapting physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models for machine learning applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14934. [PMID: 37696914 PMCID: PMC10495394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Both machine learning and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models are becoming essential components of the drug development process. Integrating the predictive capabilities of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models within machine learning (ML) pipelines could offer significant benefits in improving the accuracy and scope of drug screening and evaluation procedures. Here, we describe the development and testing of a self-contained machine learning module capable of faithfully recapitulating summary pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters produced by a full PBPK model, given a set of input drug-specific and regimen-specific information. Because of its widespread use in characterizing the disposition of orally administered drugs, the PBPK model chosen to demonstrate the methodology was an open-source implementation of a state-of-the-art compartmental and transit model called OpenCAT. The model was tested for drug formulations spanning a large range of solubility and absorption characteristics, and was evaluated for concordance against predictions of OpenCAT and relevant experimental data. In general, the values predicted by the ML models were within 20% of those of the PBPK model across the range of drug and formulation properties. However, summary PK parameter predictions from both the ML model and full PBPK model were occasionally poor with respect to those derived from experiments, suggesting deficiencies in the underlying PBPK model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Habiballah
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1301, USA
| | - Brad Reisfeld
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1301, USA.
- School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin HC, Chiu WA. Development of physiologically-based gut absorption model for probabilistic prediction of environmental chemical bioavailability. ALTEX 2023; 40:471-484. [PMID: 37158362 PMCID: PMC10898273 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is a key factor determining the bioavailability of chemicals after oral exposure but is frequently assumed to have a conservative value of 100% for environmental chemicals, particularly in the context of high-throughput toxicokinetics for in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). For pharmaceutical compounds, the physiologically based advanced compartmental absorption and transit (ACAT) model has been used extensively to predict gut absorption but has not generally been applied to environmental chemicals. Here we develop a probabilistic environmental compartmental absorption and transit (PECAT) model, adapting the ACAT model to environmental chemicals. We calibrated the model parameters to human in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro datasets of drug permeability and fractional absorption by considering two key factors: (1) differences between permeability in Caco-2 cells and in vivo permeability in the jejunum, and (2) differences in in vivo permeability across different gut segments. Incorporating these factors probabilistically, we found that given Caco-2 permeability measurements, predictions of the PECAT model are consistent with the (limited) available gut absorption data for environmental chemicals. However, the substantial chemical-to-chemical variability observed in the calibration data often led to wide probabilistic confidence bounds in the predicted fraction absorbed and resulting steady state blood concentration. Thus, while the PECAT model provides a statistically rigorous, physiologically based approach for incorporating in vitro data on gut absorption into toxicokinetic modeling and IVIVE, it also highlights the need for more accurate in vitro models and data for measuring gut segment-specific in vivo permeability of environmental chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chieh Lin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu D, Sanghavi M, Kollipara S, Ahmed T, Saini AK, Heimbach T. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics Modeling in Biopharmaceutics: Case Studies for Establishing the Bioequivalence Safe Space for Innovator and Generic Drugs. Pharm Res 2023; 40:337-357. [PMID: 35840856 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For successful oral drug development, defining a bioequivalence (BE) safe space is critical for the identification of newer bioequivalent formulations or for setting of clinically relevant in vitro specifications to ensure drug product quality. By definition, the safe space delineates the dissolution profile boundaries or other drug product quality attributes, within which the drug product variants are anticipated to be bioequivalent. Defining a BE safe space with physiologically based biopharmaceutics model (PBBM) allows the establishment of mechanistic in vitro and in vivo relationships (IVIVR) to better understand absorption mechanism and critical bioavailability attributes (CBA). Detailed case studies on how to use PBBM to establish a BE safe space for both innovator and generic drugs are described. New case studies and literature examples demonstrate BE safe space applications such as how to set in vitro dissolution/particle size distribution (PSD) specifications, widen dissolution specification to supersede f2 tests, or application toward a scale-up and post-approval changes (SUPAC) biowaiver. A workflow for detailed PBBM set-up and common clinical study data requirements to establish the safe space and knowledge space are discussed. Approaches to model in vitro dissolution profiles i.e. the diffusion layer model (DLM), Takano and Johnson models or the fitted PSD and Weibull function are described with a decision tree. The conduct of parameter sensitivity analyses on kinetic dissolution parameters for safe space and virtual bioequivalence (VBE) modeling for innovator and generic drugs are shared. The necessity for biopredictive dissolution method development and challenges with PBBM development and acceptance criteria are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Maitri Sanghavi
- Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics Group, Pharmaceutical Technology Center (PTC), Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., NH-8A, Sarkhej-Bavla Highway, Moraiya Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382210, India
| | - Sivacharan Kollipara
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | - Tausif Ahmed
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 090, India
| | - Anuj K Saini
- Pharmacokinetics & Biopharmaceutics Group, Pharmaceutical Technology Center (PTC), Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., NH-8A, Sarkhej-Bavla Highway, Moraiya Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382210, India
| | - Tycho Heimbach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|