1
|
Bustillo S, Fernández J, Chaves-Araya S, Angulo Y, Leiva LC, Lomonte B. Isolation of two basic phospholipases A2 from Bothrops diporus snake venom: Comparative characterization and synergism between Asp49 and Lys49 variants. Toxicon 2019; 168:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Influence of phospholipasic inhibition on neuromuscular activity of Bothrops fonsecai snake venom. Toxicon 2017; 130:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
Melaré R, Floriano RS, Gracia M, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Cruz-Höfling MAD, Rocha T. Ultrastructural aspects of mouse nerve-muscle preparation exposed to Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops bilineatus venoms and their toxins BthTX-I and Bbil-TX: Unknown myotoxic effects. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1082-1089. [PMID: 27535875 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bites by Bothrops snakes normally induce local pain, haemorrhage, oedema and myonecrosis. Mammalian isolated nerve-muscle preparations exposed to Bothrops venoms and their phospholipase A2 toxins (PLA2 ) can exhibit a neurotoxic pattern as increase in frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) as well as in amplitude of end-plate potentials (EPPs); neuromuscular facilitation followed by complete and irreversible blockade without morphological evidence for muscle damage. In this work, we analysed the ultrastructural damage induced by Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops bilineatus venoms and their PLA2 toxins (BthTX-I and Bbil-TX) in mouse isolated nerve-phrenic diaphragm preparations (PND). Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PND preparations previously exposed to B. jararacussu and B. bilineatus venoms and BthTX-I and Bbil-TX toxins showed hypercontracted and loosed myofilaments; unorganized sarcomeres; clusters of edematous sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; abnormal chromatin distribution or apoptotic-like nuclei. The principal affected organelles, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, were those related to calcium buffering and, resulting in sarcomeres and myofilaments hypercontraction. Schwann cells were also damaged showing edematous axons and mitochondria as well as myelin sheath alteration. These ultrastructural changes caused by both of Bothrops venoms and toxins indicate that the neuromuscular blockade induced by them in vitro can also be associated with nerve and muscle degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Melaré
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Stuani Floriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Gracia
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Rodrigues-Simioni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salvador GHM, Dreyer TR, Cavalcante WLG, Matioli FF, dos Santos JI, Velazquez-Campoy A, Gallacci M, Fontes MRM. Structural and functional evidence for membrane docking and disruption sites on phospholipase A2-like proteins revealed by complexation with the inhibitor suramin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:2066-78. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715014443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Local myonecrosis resulting from snakebite envenomation is not efficiently neutralized by regular antivenom administration. This limitation is considered to be a significant health problem by the World Health Organization. Phospholipase A2-like (PLA2-like) proteins are among the most important proteins related to the muscle damage resulting from several snake venoms. However, despite their conserved tertiary structure compared with PLA2s, their biological mechanism remains incompletely understood. Different oligomeric conformations and binding sites have been identified or proposed, leading to contradictory data in the literature. In the last few years, a comprehensive hypothesis has been proposed based on fatty-acid binding, allosteric changes and the presence of two different interaction sites. In the present study, a combination of techniques were used to fully understand the structural–functional characteristics of the interaction between suramin and MjTX-II (a PLA2-like toxin).In vitroneuromuscular studies were performed to characterize the biological effects of the protein–ligand interaction and demonstrated that suramin neutralizes the myotoxic activity of MjTX-II. The high-resolution structure of the complex identified the toxin–ligand interaction sites. Calorimetric assays showed two different binding events between the protein and the inhibitor. It is demonstrated for the first time that the inhibitor binds to the surface of the toxin, obstructing the sites involved in membrane docking and disruption according to the proposed myotoxic mechanism. Furthermore, higher-order oligomeric formation by interaction with interfacial suramins was observed, which may also aid the inhibitory process. These results further substantiate the current myotoxic mechanism and shed light on the search for efficient inhibitors of the local myonecrosis phenomenon.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bp-13 PLA2: Purification and Neuromuscular Activity of a New Asp49 Toxin Isolated from Bothrops pauloensis Snake Venom. Biochem Res Int 2015; 2015:826059. [PMID: 25789175 PMCID: PMC4350628 DOI: 10.1155/2015/826059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new PLA2 (Bp-13) was purified from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom after a single chromatographic step of RP-HPLC on μ-Bondapak C-18. Amino acid analysis showed a high content of hydrophobic and basic amino acids and 14 half-cysteine residues. The N-terminal sequence showed a high degree of homology with basic Asp49 PLA2 myotoxins from other Bothrops venoms. Bp-13 showed allosteric enzymatic behavior and maximal activity at pH 8.1, 36°–45°C. Full Bp-13 PLA2 activity required Ca2+; its PLA2 activity was inhibited by Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, and Cd2+ in the presence and absence of 1 mM Ca2+. In the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparation, the time for 50% paralysis was concentration-dependent (P < 0.05). Both the replacement of Ca2+ by Sr2+ and temperature lowering (24°C) inhibited the Bp-13 PLA2-induced twitch-tension blockade. Bp-13 PLA2 inhibited the contractile response to direct electrical stimulation in curarized mouse PND preparation corroborating its contracture effect. In biventer cervicis preparations, Bp-13 induced irreversible twitch-tension blockade and the KCl evoked contracture was partially, but significantly, inhibited (P > 0.05). The main effect of this new Asp49 PLA2 of Bothrops pauloensis venom is on muscle fiber sarcolemma, with avian preparation being less responsive than rodent preparation. The study enhances biochemical and pharmacological characterization of B. pauloensis venom.
Collapse
|
6
|
Salvador GH, Cavalcante WL, dos Santos JI, Gallacci M, Soares AM, Fontes MR. Structural and functional studies with mytoxin II from Bothrops moojeni reveal remarkable similarities and differences compared to other catalytically inactive phospholipases A2-like. Toxicon 2013; 72:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Galbiatti C, Rocha T, Randazzo-Moura P, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S, Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Pharmacological and partial biochemical characterization of Bmaj-9 isolated from Bothrops marajoensis snake venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Rocha
- State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huancahuire-Vega S, Ponce-Soto LA, Martins-de-Souza D, Marangoni S. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of PhTX-I a new myotoxic phospholipase A2 isolated from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:108-19. [PMID: 21496495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the biochemical and pharmacological characterization of a new myotoxic PLA(2) (EC 3.1.1.4) called PhTX-I, purified from Porthidium hyoprora venom by one step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC. The homogeneity of the PhTX-I fraction and its molecular mass were initially evaluated by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry, indicating a molecular mass of 14.249Da and constituted of a single polipeptidic chain. Amino acid sequence was determined by "de novo sequencing," in tandem mass spectrometry, belonging to D49-PLA(2) enzyme class and exhibiting high identity (44-90%) with other myotoxics PLA(2) from snake venoms. The enzymatic investigation showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 35-45°C. This activity was dependent on Ca(2+), other cations (Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+)) reduced notably the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the arrangement of the catalytic site presents an exclusive structure for Ca(2+). Ex vivo, whole venom and PhTX-I PLA(2) caused blockade of the neuromuscular transmission in young chick biventer cervicis preparations similar to other isolated snake venom toxins from the Bothrops genus. In vivo, both induced local myotoxicity and systemic interleukin-6 response upon intramuscular injection, additionally, induced moderate footpad edema. In vitro, both induced low cytotoxicity in skeletal muscle myoblasts, however PhTX-I PLA(2) was able to lyse myotubes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ponce-Soto LA, Martins-de-Souza D, Marangoni S. Neurotoxic, Myotoxic and Cytolytic Activities of the New Basic PLA2 Isoforms BmjeTX-I and BmjeTX-II Isolated from the Bothrops marajoensis (Marajó Lancehead) Snake Venom. Protein J 2010; 29:103-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Understanding the in vitro neuromuscular activity of snake venom Lys49 phospholipase A2 homologues. Toxicon 2010; 55:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Huancahuire-Vega S, Ponce-Soto LA, Martins-de-Souza D, Marangoni S. Structural and functional characterization of brazilitoxins II and III (BbTX-II and -III), two myotoxins from the venom of Bothrops brazili snake. Toxicon 2009; 54:818-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salomón Huancahuire-Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|