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Peña-Carrillo MS, Pinos-Tamayo EA, Mendes B, Domínguez-Borbor C, Proaño-Bolaños C, Miguel DC, Almeida JR. Dissection of phospholipases A 2 reveals multifaceted peptides targeting cancer cells, Leishmania and bacteria. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105041. [PMID: 34130109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic peptides bio-inspired by natural toxins have been recognized as an efficient strategy for the treatment of different health problems. Due to the specific interaction with substrates from biological membranes, snake venom phospholipases (PLA2s) represent valuable scaffolds for the research and development of short peptides targeting parasites, bacteria, and cancer cells. Considering this, we evaluated the in vitro therapeutic potential of three biomimetic peptides (pCergo, pBmTxJ and pBmje) based on three different amino acid sequences from Asp49 PLA2s. First, short amino acid sequences (12-17 in length) derived from these membranolytic toxins were selected using a combination of bioinformatics tools, including AntiCP, AMPA, PepDraw, ToxinPred, and HemoPI. The peptide, from each polypeptide sequence, with the greatest average antimicrobial index, no toxicity, and no hemolysis predicted was synthesized, purified, and characterized. According to in vitro assays performed, pBmje showed moderate cytotoxicity specifically against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) with an EC50 of 464.85 µM, whereas pBmTxJ showed an antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with an MIC of 37.5 µM, and pCergo against E. coli (ATCC 25922) with an MIC of 75 µM. In addition, pCergo showed antileishmanial activity with an EC50 of 93.69 µM and 110.40 µM against promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and L. amazonensis, respectively. Altogether, these results confirmed the versatility of PLA2-derived synthetic peptides, highlighting the relevance of the use of these membrane-interacting toxins as specific archetypes for drug design focused on public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Peña-Carrillo
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Edgar A Pinos-Tamayo
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristobal Domínguez-Borbor
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30. 5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Proaño-Bolaños
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
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Simões-Silva R, Alfonso JJ, Gómez AF, Sobrinho JC, Kayano AM, de Medeiros DSS, Teles CBG, Quintero A, Fuly AL, Gómez CV, Pereira SS, da Silva SL, Stábeli RG, Soares AM. Synergism of in vitro plasmodicidal activity of phospholipase A2 isoforms isolated from panamanian Bothrops asper venom. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 346:109581. [PMID: 34302801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops asper is one of the most important snake species in Central America, mainly because of its medical importance in countries like Ecuador, Panama and Costa Rica, where this species causes a high number of snakebite accidents. Several basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have been previously characterized from B. asper venom, but few studies have been carried out with its acidic isoforms. In addition, since snake venom is a rich source of bioactive substances, it is necessary to investigate the biotechnological potential of its components. In this context, this study aimed to carry out the biochemical characterization of PLA2 isoforms isolated from B. asper venom and to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of these toxins. The venom and key fractions were subjected to different chromatographic steps, obtaining nine PLA2s, four acidic ones (BaspAc-I, BaspAc-II, BaspAc-III and BaspAc-IV) and five basic ones (BaspB-I, BaspB-II, BaspB-III, BaspB-IV and BaspB-V). The isoelectric points of the acidic PLA2s were also determined, which presented values ranging between 4.5 and 5. The findings indicated the isolation of five unpublished isoforms, four Asp49-PLA, corresponding to the group of acidic isoforms, and one Lys49-PLA2-like. Acidic PLA2s catalyzed the degradation of all substrates evaluated; however, for the basic PLA2s, there was a preference for phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The antiparasitic potential of the toxins was evaluated, and the acidic PLA2s demonstrated action against the epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and promastigote forms of L. infantum, while the basic PLA2s BaspB-II and BaspB-IV showed activity against P. falciparum. The results indicated an increase of up to 10 times in antiplasmodial activity, when the Asp49-PLA2 and Lys49-PLA2 were associated with one another, denoting synergistic action between these PLA2 isoforms. These findings correspond to the first report of synergistic antiplasmodial action for svPLA2s, demonstrating that these molecules may be important targets in the search for new antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Simões-Silva
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, IFRO, Campus Vilhena, Vilhena, RO, Brazil
| | - Jorge Javier Alfonso
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Ana F Gómez
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Juliana C Sobrinho
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Kayano
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM-SESAU/RO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Daniel S S de Medeiros
- Plataforma de Bioensaios em Malária e Leishmanioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Carolina B G Teles
- Plataforma de Bioensaios em Malária e Leishmanioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Brazil
| | - Aristides Quintero
- Centro de Informaciones e Investigaciones Toxicológicas y Químicas Aplicadas (CEIITOXQUIA) and Departamento de Química, FCNYE, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, UNACHI, David, Panama
| | - André L Fuly
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celeste Vega Gómez
- Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Soraya S Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Saulo L da Silva
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo G Stábeli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Mamede CCN, de Sousa Simamoto BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, de Oliveira Costa J, Ribeiro MSM, de Oliveira F. Edema, hyperalgesia and myonecrosis induced by Brazilian bothropic venoms: overview of the last decade. Toxicon 2020; 187:10-18. [PMID: 32846146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite accidents are considered serious public health problems. They are often neglected, and individuals who have received insufficient treatment are subjected to various disabling alterations. Snake venoms are secretions composed of biologically active molecules capable of triggering local and systemic effects in envenomation victims. Bothropic snakes are responsible for most of the ophidian accidents in Brazil; their venoms are mainly related to local manifestations, due to a composition that is especially rich in proteases and phospholipases A2. The most common local damages are inflammation, with consequent cellular activation and release of inflammatory mediators, hemorrhage, edema, pain and (myo)necrosis, which may lead to amputation of the affected areas. Antivenom therapy is the main treatment for snakebites. However, the efficiency is mainly due to the neutralization of the toxins responsible for the systemic alterations. Thus, the local damages can evolve to markedly compromise the tissue. The complexity of these local effects associated with the toxicity of the snake venom components of the genus Bothrops, arouse interest in the study of the biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms involved with the actions caused by toxins of the venom. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the edematogenic, hyperalgesic and myotoxic effects caused by Brazilian bothropic venoms in order to contribute to the study and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of its components and, consequently, enable discoveries of more effective combined therapies in the treatment of local damages resulting from envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Júnia de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM), Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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4
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Alfonso JJ, Kayano AM, Garay AFG, Simões-Silva R, Sobrinho JC, Vourliotis S, Soares AM, Calderon LA, Gómez MCV. Isolation, Biochemical Characterization and Antiparasitic Activity of BmatTX-IV, A Basic Lys49-Phospholipase A2 from the Venom of Bothrops mattogrossensis from Paraguay. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2041-2048. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190723154756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Functional and structural diversity of proteins of snake venoms is coupled with a wide repertoire of pharmacological effects. Snake venoms are targets of studies linked to searching molecules with biotechnological potential.Methods:A homologue phospholipase A2 (BmatTX-IV) was obtained using two chromatographic techniques. Mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were used to determine the molecular mass and isoelectric point, respectively. By means of Edman degradation chemistry, it was possible to obtain the partial sequence of amino acids that comprise the isolated toxin. Trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytoxic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum and murine fibrobasts was determinated.Results:Combination of both chromatographic steps used in this study demonstrated efficacy to obtain the PLA2-Lys49. BmatTX-IV showed molecular mass and isoelectric point of 13.55 kDa and 9.3, respectively. Amino acid sequence of N-terminal region (51 residues) shows the presence of Lys49 residue at position 49, a distinctive trait of enzymatically inactive PLA2. Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom showed IC50 values of 11.9 μg/mL against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and of 13.8 μg/mL against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, respectively. On the other hand, the venom showed a high cytotoxic activity (IC50 value of 16.7 μg/mL) against murine fibroblasts, whereas the BmatTX-IV showed IC50 value of 81.2 μg/mL.Conclusion:Physicochemical and biological characterization of snake venoms components is critically important, since these complex mixtures provide a source of molecules with antiparasitic potential, making further studies necessary to identify and characterize components with higher efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Javier Alfonso
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Kayano
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Ana Fidelina Gómez Garay
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Simões-Silva
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Sobrinho
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | | | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Calderon
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
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5
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Carvalho LHD, Teixeira LF, Zaqueo KD, Bastos JF, Nery NM, Setúbal SS, Pontes AS, Butzke D, Cavalcante W, Gallacci M, Fernandes CFC, Stabeli RG, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Local and systemic effects caused by Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crotalus durissus collilineatus, and Crotalus durissus cascavella snake venoms in swiss mice. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180526. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0526-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kayena Delaix Zaqueo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Diana Butzke
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, Brasil
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Teixera LF, de Carvalho LH, de Castro OB, Bastos JSF, Néry NM, Oliveira GA, Kayano AM, Soares AM, Zuliani JP. Local and systemic effects of BdipTX-I, a Lys-49 phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops diporus snake venom. Toxicon 2018; 141:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grabner AN, Alfonso J, Kayano AM, Moreira-Dill LS, dos Santos APDA, Caldeira CA, Sobrinho JC, Gómez A, Grabner FP, Cardoso FF, Zuliani JP, Fontes MR, Pimenta DC, Gómez CV, Teles CB, Soares AM, Calderon LA. BmajPLA 2 -II, a basic Lys49-phospholipase A 2 homologue from Bothrops marajoensis snake venom with parasiticidal potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:571-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Melaré R, Floriano RS, Gracia M, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Cruz-Höfling MAD, Rocha T. Ultrastructural aspects of mouse nerve-muscle preparation exposed to Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops bilineatus venoms and their toxins BthTX-I and Bbil-TX: Unknown myotoxic effects. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1082-1089. [PMID: 27535875 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bites by Bothrops snakes normally induce local pain, haemorrhage, oedema and myonecrosis. Mammalian isolated nerve-muscle preparations exposed to Bothrops venoms and their phospholipase A2 toxins (PLA2 ) can exhibit a neurotoxic pattern as increase in frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) as well as in amplitude of end-plate potentials (EPPs); neuromuscular facilitation followed by complete and irreversible blockade without morphological evidence for muscle damage. In this work, we analysed the ultrastructural damage induced by Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops bilineatus venoms and their PLA2 toxins (BthTX-I and Bbil-TX) in mouse isolated nerve-phrenic diaphragm preparations (PND). Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), PND preparations previously exposed to B. jararacussu and B. bilineatus venoms and BthTX-I and Bbil-TX toxins showed hypercontracted and loosed myofilaments; unorganized sarcomeres; clusters of edematous sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; abnormal chromatin distribution or apoptotic-like nuclei. The principal affected organelles, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum, were those related to calcium buffering and, resulting in sarcomeres and myofilaments hypercontraction. Schwann cells were also damaged showing edematous axons and mitochondria as well as myelin sheath alteration. These ultrastructural changes caused by both of Bothrops venoms and toxins indicate that the neuromuscular blockade induced by them in vitro can also be associated with nerve and muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Melaré
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Stuani Floriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Gracia
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Rodrigues-Simioni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip Code 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Av. São Francisco de Assis, 218, Zip Code 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip Code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Presynaptic Proteins as Markers of the Neurotoxic Activity of BmjeTX-I and BmjeTX-II Toxins from Bothrops marajoensis (Marajó Lancehead) Snake Venom. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:2053459. [PMID: 27635261 PMCID: PMC5007310 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2053459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular preparations exposed to B. marajoensis venom show increases in the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials and twitch tension facilitation followed by presynaptic neuromuscular paralysis, without evidences of muscle damage. Considering that presynaptic toxins interfere into the machinery involved in neurotransmitter release (synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, and SNAP25 proteins), the main objective of this communication is to analyze, by immunofluorescence and western blotting, the expression of the synaptic proteins, synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, and SNAP25 and by myography, light, and transmission electron microscopy the pathology of motor nerve terminals and skeletal muscle fibres of chick biventer cervicis preparations (CBC) exposed in vitro to BmjeTX-I and BmjeTX-II toxins from B. marajoensis venom. CBC incubated with toxins showed irreversible twitch tension blockade and unaffected KCl- and ACh-evoked contractures, and the positive colabelling of acetylcholine receptors confirmed that their action was primarily at the motor nerve terminal. Hypercontraction and loose myofilaments and synaptic vesicle depletion and motor nerve damage indicated that the toxins displayed both myotoxic and neurotoxic effect. The blockade resulted from interference on synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, and SNAP25 proteins leading to the conclusion that BmjeTX-I and BmjeTX-II affected neurotransmitter release machinery by preventing the docking of synaptic vesicles to the axolemma of the nerve terminal.
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Unmasking snake venom of Bothrops leucurus: purification and pharmacological and structural characterization of new PLA2 Bleu TX-III. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:941467. [PMID: 23509815 PMCID: PMC3581250 DOI: 10.1155/2013/941467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bleu TX-III was isolated from Bothrops leucurus snake venom on one-step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC, was homogeneous on SDS-PAGE, and was confirmed by Q-Tof Ultima API ESI/MS (TOF MS mode) mass spectrometry in 14243.8 Da. Multiple alignments of Bleu TX-III show high degree of homology with basic PLA2 myotoxins from other Bothrops venoms. Our studies on local and systemic myotoxicity "in vivo" reveal that Bleu TX-III is myotoxin with local but not systemic action due to the decrease in the plasmatic CK levels when Bleu TX-III is administrated by intravenous route in mice (dose 1 and 5 μg). And at a dose of 20 μg myotoxin behaves like a local and systemic action. Bleu TX-III induced moderate marked paw edema, evidencing the local increase in vascular permeability. The inflammatory events induced in the mice (I.M.) were investigated. The increase in the levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α was observed in the plasma. It is concluded that Bleu TX-III induces inflammatory events in this model. The enzymatic phospholipid hydrolysis may be relevant to these phenomena. Bothrops leucurus venom is still not extensively explored, and the knowledge of its toxins separately through the study of structure/function will contribute for a better understanding of its action mechanism.
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Biochemical characterization and pharmacological properties of new basic PLA2 BrTX-I isolated from Bothrops roedingeri (Roedinger's Lancehead) Mertens, 1942, snake venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:591470. [PMID: 23509747 PMCID: PMC3591238 DOI: 10.1155/2013/591470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BrTX-I, a PLA2, was purified from Bothrops roedingeri venom after only one chromatographic step using reverse-phase HPLC on μ-Bondapak C-18 column. A molecular mass of 14358.69 Da was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Amino acid analysis showed a high content of hydrophobic and basic amino acids as well as 14 half-cysteine residues. The total amino acid sequence was obtained using SwissProt database and showed high amino acid sequence identity with other PLA2 from snake venom. The amino acid composition showed that BrTX-I has a high content of Lys, Tyr, Gly, Pro, and 14 half-Cys residues, typical of a basic PLA2. BrTX-I presented PLA2 activity and showed a minimum sigmoidal behavior, reaching its maximal activity at pH 8.0, 35-45°C, and required Ca(2+). In vitro, the whole venom and BrTX-I caused a neuromuscular blockade in biventer cervicis preparations in a similar way to other Bothrops species. BrTX-I induced myonecrosis and oedema-forming activity analyzed through injection of the purified BrTX-I in mice. Since BrTX-I exerts a strong proinflammatory effect, the enzymatic phospholipid hydrolysis might be relevant for these phenomena; incrementing levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF α were observed at 15 min, 30 min, one, two, and six hours postinjection, respectively.
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Corasolla Carregari V, Stuani Floriano R, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Winck FV, Baldasso PA, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S. Biochemical, pharmacological, and structural characterization of new basic PLA2 Bbil-TX from Bothriopsis bilineata snake venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:612649. [PMID: 23509754 PMCID: PMC3591176 DOI: 10.1155/2013/612649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bbil-TX, a PLA2, was purified from Bothriopsis bilineata snake venom after only one chromatographic step using RP-HPLC on μ-Bondapak C-18 column. A molecular mass of 14243.8 Da was confirmed by Q-Tof Ultima API ESI/MS (TOF MS mode) mass spectrometry. The partial protein sequence obtained was then submitted to BLASTp, with the search restricted to PLA2 from snakes and shows high identity values when compared to other PLA2s. PLA2 activity was presented in the presence of a synthetic substrate and showed a minimum sigmoidal behavior, reaching its maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 25-37°C. Maximum PLA2 activity required Ca(2+) and in the presence of Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+) it was reduced in the presence or absence of Ca(2+). Crotapotin from Crotalus durissus cascavella rattlesnake venom and antihemorrhagic factor DA2-II from Didelphis albiventris opossum sera under optimal conditions significantly inhibit the enzymatic activity. Bbil-TX induces myonecrosis in mice. The fraction does not show a significant cytotoxic activity in myotubes and myoblasts (C2C12). The inflammatory events induced in the serum of mice by Bbil-TX isolated from Bothriopsis bilineata snake venom were investigated. An increase in vascular permeability and in the levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1 was was induced. Since Bbil-TX exerts a stronger proinflammatory effect, the phospholipid hydrolysis may be relevant for these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Corasolla Carregari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Stuani Floriano
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea Rodrigues-Simioni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia V. Winck
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology and University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulo Aparecido Baldasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Ponce-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology (IB), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Huancahuire-Vega S, Corrêa DHA, Hollanda LM, Lancellotti M, Ramos CHI, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S. Chemical modifications of PhTX-I myotoxin from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom: effects on structural, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:103494. [PMID: 23484072 PMCID: PMC3591178 DOI: 10.1155/2013/103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We recently described the isolation of a basic PLA2 (PhTX-I) from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom. This toxin exhibits high catalytic activity, induces in vivo myotoxicity, moderates footpad edema, and causes in vitro neuromuscular blockade. Here, we describe the chemical modifications of specific amino acid residues (His, Tyr, Lys, and Trp), performed in PhTX-I, to study their effects on the structural, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties of this myotoxin. After chemical treatment, a single His, 4 Tyr, 7 Lys, and one Trp residues were modified. The secondary structure of the protein remained unchanged as measured by circular dichroism; however other results indicated the critical role played by Lys and Tyr residues in myotoxic, neurotoxic activities and mainly in the cytotoxicity displayed by PhTX-I. His residue and therefore catalytic activity of PhTX-I are relevant for edematogenic, neurotoxic, and myotoxic effects, but not for its cytotoxic activity. This dissociation observed between enzymatic activity and some pharmacological effects suggests that other molecular regions distinct from the catalytic site may also play a role in the toxic activities exerted by this myotoxin. Our observations supported the hypothesis that both the catalytic sites as the hypothetical pharmacological sites are relevant to the pharmacological profile of PhTX-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomón Huancahuire-Vega
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. A. Corrêa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. Hollanda
- Biotechnology Laboratory (LABIOTEC), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lancellotti
- Biotechnology Laboratory (LABIOTEC), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. I. Ramos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Ponce-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Valeriano-Zapana JA, Segovia-Cruz FS, Rojas-Hualpa JM, Martins-de-Souza D, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S. Functional and structural characterization of a new serine protease with thrombin-like activity TLBan from Bothrops andianus (Andean Lancehead) snake venom. Toxicon 2012; 59:231-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Purification and inflammatory edema induced by two PLA2 (Anch TX-I and Anch TX-II) from sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis (Actiniaria: Sagartiidae). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 161:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Galbiatti C, Rocha T, Randazzo-Moura P, Ponce-Soto LA, Marangoni S, Cruz-Höfling MA, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Pharmacological and partial biochemical characterization of Bmaj-9 isolated from Bothrops marajoensis snake venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Rocha
- State University of Campinas, Brazil
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Huancahuire-Vega S, Ponce-Soto LA, Martins-de-Souza D, Marangoni S. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of PhTX-I a new myotoxic phospholipase A2 isolated from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:108-19. [PMID: 21496495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the biochemical and pharmacological characterization of a new myotoxic PLA(2) (EC 3.1.1.4) called PhTX-I, purified from Porthidium hyoprora venom by one step analytical chromatography reverse phase HPLC. The homogeneity of the PhTX-I fraction and its molecular mass were initially evaluated by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry, indicating a molecular mass of 14.249Da and constituted of a single polipeptidic chain. Amino acid sequence was determined by "de novo sequencing," in tandem mass spectrometry, belonging to D49-PLA(2) enzyme class and exhibiting high identity (44-90%) with other myotoxics PLA(2) from snake venoms. The enzymatic investigation showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 35-45°C. This activity was dependent on Ca(2+), other cations (Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+)) reduced notably the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the arrangement of the catalytic site presents an exclusive structure for Ca(2+). Ex vivo, whole venom and PhTX-I PLA(2) caused blockade of the neuromuscular transmission in young chick biventer cervicis preparations similar to other isolated snake venom toxins from the Bothrops genus. In vivo, both induced local myotoxicity and systemic interleukin-6 response upon intramuscular injection, additionally, induced moderate footpad edema. In vitro, both induced low cytotoxicity in skeletal muscle myoblasts, however PhTX-I PLA(2) was able to lyse myotubes.
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