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Geurts N, Glas S, Spierings N. "It is for God to judge" 1: Understanding Why and When Islamic Religiosity Inhibits Homotolerance. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:2901-2926. [PMID: 37888948 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2267723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In Western Europe, Muslims' cultural attitudes take center stage in debates in media and politics. In these debates, the claim that Muslims' religious interpretations cause them to be intolerant of homosexual people is often repeated. While previous public opinion studies have time and again shown that Muslims are indeed on average more homonegative than other people, the present study theoretically explores and empirically tests whether those differences are because of Islamic religiosity. This assumption is often made but has yet to be empirically addressed. Using unique data on young Muslim adults in the Netherlands and more direct measurements of religious interpretations on homosexuality, we find that Islamic religiosity as such hardly fuels intolerance of homosexual people. In fact, our results show that even believing that Islam forbids homosexuality does not necessarily fuel Muslims' intolerance of homosexual people. Rather, what is pivotal, is whether such beliefs are coupled with a willingness to judge, rather than leaving judgment to Allah. We conclude that only among young adult Dutch Muslims who believe it is up to them to judge homosexuality, do homonegative interpretations of Islam feed into intolerance of homosexual people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Geurts
- Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Glas
- Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Spierings
- Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Ratra D, Singh K. Personal wellbeing among adolescents and youth in India. Front Psychol 2022; 13:914152. [PMID: 36092057 PMCID: PMC9453841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to explore the level of personal wellbeing and identified the determinants of happiness among Indian adolescents and youth. Data were collected from a sample of 495 participants (aged 11–23 years) residing in the National Capital Region of Delhi (Delhi-NCR), using the bilingual version (Hindi and English) of the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Their PWI score was 80.06, indicating high happiness levels in the nonwestern normative PWI range. Domains of personal relationships, community connectedness, and safety represented high overall wellbeing with the highest mean scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the least happy group on life as a whole domain was students aged 19–23 years as compared with the 11–14 and 15–18 years age group. Furthermore, men had higher happiness levels on personal safety, while women had higher scores on life achievement. The qualitative analysis illustrated the socio-cultural basis of these wellbeing determinants as rooted in the hierarchical social structures and collectivistic cultural orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Ratra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Dhriti Ratra
| | - Kamlesh Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Kanal M, Rottmann SB. Everyday Agency: Rethinking Refugee Women's Agency in Specific Cultural Contexts. Front Psychol 2021; 12:726729. [PMID: 34867608 PMCID: PMC8636052 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article proposes an interdisciplinary approach to refugee agency - the capacity to act within structural conditions - using the example of Syrian women rebuilding family and home in Turkey. Our broader objective is to prompt a re-thinking of refugee women's everyday agency for scholars researching migration. The dominant manner of studying agency tends to be centered on refugees' efforts to change their particular situations. Drawing on the latest theoretical propositions of cultural psychology (collective coping and the cultural coping model), we argue that agency can also be observed through examining how refugees rebuild their lives in the face of the many changes and challenges they have experienced. Guided by the cultural coping model, we describe stressors and coping strategies in context. With this approach, we can escape the trap of viewing refugee women in dichotomous ways, either as traumatized victims or as liberated from "traditional patriarchy." A total of 33 semi-structured interviews were conducted in Turkey with Syrian, Arabic-speaking adult women. Interviews aimed to obtain comprehensive narratives on acculturation, daily stressors, coping strategies and everyday experiences of uprootedness. We used constructivist grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006) to identify significant themes (initial coding) and then code for more conceptual units of meaning (focused coding). The findings are structured around context specific themes: stressors and coping strategies. The study revealed three important types of stressors: family-related, role-related and place-related stressors. Each stressor can only be understood within the cultural context of inter-dependent agency, motherhood and neighborhood belonging, which are highly valued lived experiences of the refugee women. The study also identified three coping strategies: faith-based, home-making and identity building strategies. Our research shows that relying on Islamic understandings, creating the routines of a happy home and forging neighborly ties are important gender and culture specific manifestations of agency. The value of this research is that it provides migration scholars a useful model for designing research with female refugees. By identifying and writing about these specific and contextual forms of agency, researchers can provide better support to refugee women in their daily lives, while also challenging the image of passive "womenandchildren."
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kanal
- Institute of Religious Studies, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Susan B. Rottmann
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Özyeğin Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
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Testing the Two Directions of the Work-Family Interface: A Diary Study. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 24:e38. [PMID: 34225829 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2021.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The work-family interface can be viewed as a process in which daily fluctuations in work demands and resources influence family functioning and behavior, and vice versa. This study aimed to test the daily processes of both directions of the work-family interface through two studies. The first study consisted of 103 male and female workers from 17 Brazilian states. The participants' ages ranged from 20 to 61 years (M = 33.68; SD = 9.13). Each participant answered a daily questionnaire over the course of 10 days, totaling 1,030 answers. The second study's sample consisted of 101 male and female workers from 15 states in Brazil. Participants' ages ranged from 20 to 62 years (M = 33.77; SD = 8.46). Each participant answered the daily questionnaire over the course of ten days, with the number of answers totaling 1,010. The first study showed that at the daily level, perceived work-related demands and social support at work were significantly related to family satisfaction. The second study indicated that at the daily level, perceived family demands and family social support showed significant associations with job satisfaction. Positive affect had a mediating role in these relationships, whereas the use of problem-solving coping strategies had a moderating role. Both studies also showed that the relationships identified remain significant when the variables were tested at different times: independent variables, mediating variable and moderator variable on one day, and the dependent variable on the following day. Day-to-day implications for organizations are discussed, and suggestions for a future research agenda on the work-family interface are presented.
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Achour M, Muhamad A, Syihab AH, Mohd Nor MR, Mohd Yusoff MYZ. Prayer Moderating Job Stress Among Muslim Nursing Staff at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:202-220. [PMID: 31079348 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how Salat (prayer) in Islam moderates the relationship between job stress and life satisfaction among Muslim nursing staff. The researchers sampled 335 nursing staff employed at the University of Malaya Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Their ages ranged from 21 to 60 years. The findings indicate the job stress was associated negatively with life satisfaction; there is a strong positive and significant correlation, respectively, between Salat and life satisfaction and that Salat reduces stress and increases the life satisfaction of Muslim nurses. Thus, Salat has a moderating effect on job stress and life satisfaction of Muslim nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguellati Achour
- Research and Development Division, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Asmawati Muhamad
- Applied Sciences with Islamic Studies, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Syihab
- Kulliyyah-DNR of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor
- Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Achour M, Binti Abdul Ghani Azmi I, Bin Isahak M, Mohd Nor MR, Mohd Yusoff MYZ. Job Stress and Nurses Well-Being: Prayer and Age as Moderators. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:1226-1235. [PMID: 31111298 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing popularity among researchers, scholars, and policymakers concerning the efficacy of prayer as a coping strategy for job stress. This study examines the moderating effects of prayer and age on the relationship between job stress and nurses' well-being in UMMC. Three hundred (300) Muslim nursing staff working at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were sampled. Data were collected via questionnaires. The findings of this study show that the effect of job stress on well-being is significant for nurses and that prayer of nurses contributed to alleviating job stress and enhancing well-being. This study is limited to nurses in one public hospital in a developing country. Thus, it would be more interesting if the study could be extended to other public and private institutions in a Muslim country, and a comparison could be done between other religions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguellati Achour
- Research and Development Division, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Marzuki Bin Isahak
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor
- Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shahrki SK, Abazari F, Nayer ND, Pouraboli B. An ethnographic study in nursing homes in Iran. Int J Palliat Nurs 2018; 24:540-547. [PMID: 30457466 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2018.24.11.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The approach of death is an undeniable part of ageing and death is the most important concern for elderly people who live in nursing homes. This study examines describes how care home residents feel when they recognise that they are close to death. AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of elderly residents who are dying in nursing homes as well as their caregivers toward death in an Iranian context. METHODS: A focused ethnographic research design was chosen. The research sample consisted of 25 nursing home staff-three nurses, 18 healthcare assistants, two administrators, a social worker and a psychologist-and 10 elderly people in two nursing homes in Iran. Data was collected through field notes, observations and semistructured, in-depth interviews. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. FINDINGS: There were two main themes of: seeking the embrace of a calm death; and waiting for death. Within these, four subthemes were identified. CONCLUSION: The perceptions of the participants originated from the nursing home culture and their beliefs in eternal life. Training staff about the cultural needs of dying people and end-of-life care would be the most effective way to improve the experience of dying for nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farokh Abazari
- Assistant Professor, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nahid Dehghan Nayer
- Professor, Nursing Management Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Batool Pouraboli
- Assistant Professor of nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lua PL, Ahmad Nasrulddin NA, Mohamad AM, Makhtar M, Jusoh JA, Abdullah R, Hassan A. Psychosocial Profiles among Persons with Substance Use Disorder Undergoing Islamic-Based Inabah Program in Kelantan, Malaysia. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1424594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Manam Mohamad
- Faculty of General Studies and Advanced Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mokhairi Makhtar
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Julaily Aida Jusoh
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ramle Abdullah
- Faculty of General Studies and Advanced Education, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Hassan
- Institute For Community (Health) Development, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Stern S, Wright AJ. Discrete Effects of Religiosity and Spirituality on Gay Identity and Self-Esteem. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2018; 65:1071-1092. [PMID: 28841128 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1368769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that although spirituality may bolster development of a positive gay identity, religiosity may prove detrimental. Because the majority of this research confounds these constructs, there is little evidence as to the discrete roles religiosity and spirituality may play in LGB identity development. The present study endeavored to tease apart the unique effects of religion and spirituality on positive and negative gay identity and self-esteem. A sample of 376 self-identified sexual minority adults were given measures of religiosity, spirituality, LGB identity, and self-esteem. Models were built to evaluate the effects of religiosity (independent of spirituality) and spirituality (independent of religiosity), understanding that the constructs are greatly overlapped, on identity and self-esteem. Results included a positive association between spirituality and identity affirmation, identity superiority, and self-esteem. Religiosity was negatively associated with identity affirmation and self-esteem and positively associated with internalized homonegativity and heteronormativity. Limitations and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Stern
- a Empire State College , State University of New York , New York , New York , USA
| | - A Jordan Wright
- b Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development , New York University , New York , New York , USA
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10
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Uddin MA, Soivong P, Lasuka D, Juntasopeepun P. Factors related to quality of life among older adults in Bangladesh: A cross sectional survey. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:518-524. [PMID: 29152891 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional design study aimed to describe quality of life and examine factors related to quality of life among older adults in Bangladesh. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 280 older adults from ten villages in two southern districts. The results demonstrate that the majority of the participants reported an overall moderate score of quality of life. Moreover, participants' sleep problems, depression, religiosity, and activities of daily living were negatively correlated with quality of life whereas social support and health service availability were positively correlated with quality of life. Implementing intervention programs upon the significant related factors to improve older adults' quality of life is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratum Soivong
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wu W, Rafiq M, Chin T. Employee well-being and turnover intention. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-04-2017-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Facing a new round of global industrial restructuring, it is vital for less-developed yet populous regions to build a happy, engaged workforce to achieve competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to integrate an indigenous cultural perspective, i.e. Muslim religious belief, with the job embeddedness theory to delve into employee well-being-turnover issues in a large developing country ingrained with Muslim culture.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a questionnaire survey on employees from the media sector in the Muslim country, Pakistan. The data were analysed using moderated hierarchical regression models (investigating three-way interactions), while the significance tests of simple slopes and simple slope differences were also used to support the analysis.
Findings
The results suggest that all predictors analysed (Muslim religious belief, organisational embeddedness, life satisfaction, and work engagement) were negatively and significantly related to turnover intention. Furthermore, the employee well-being-turnover intention mechanisms are jointly moderated by Muslim religious belief and organisational embeddedness.
Practical implications
The research considers turnover intention as an outcome of a three-way interaction among employee well-being, Muslim religious belief, and organisation embeddedness, thus proposing insightful implications for other developing country enterprises, particularly those ingrained with Muslim culture.
Originality/value
The authors propose a novel model which demonstrates the effects of employee work- and life-related well-being on turnover intention from a unique angle by incorporating Muslim religious belief with organisational embeddedness, contributing to the existing body of knowledge. The applicability of western concepts to immature markets is also examined.
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Achour M, Mohd Nor MR, Amel B, Bin Seman HM, MohdYusoff MYZ. Religious Commitment and its Relation to Happiness among Muslim Students: The Educational Level as Moderator. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:1870-1889. [PMID: 28160189 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between religiosity and level of happiness in an Islamic context among Muslim students studying at Malaysian universities. The determinants of happiness included in this research are positive attitudes, self-esteem, and other-esteem. Religiosity has long been considered as the main determinant in increasing happiness, and educational level strengthens its relationship. For this purpose, the researchers sampled 230 Muslim students aged 17-40 years studying at Malaysian universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study found a positive and significant correlation between religious commitment and level of happiness. Religious commitment also shows positive and significant correlations with positive attitudes, self-esteem, and other-esteem. The study also concludes that educational attainment moderates the relationship between religious commitment and happiness. Thus, religious commitment plays a very important role in increasing levels of happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguellati Achour
- Research and Development Division, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor
- Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bouketir Amel
- Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ismail NAH, Tekke M, Othman N, Al-Hafiz AAR. Students’ Islamic Personality on Ibadah: A Structural Modelling Approach. PROCEDIA - SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016; 219:755-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Family support and loneliness among older persons in multiethnic Malaysia. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:654382. [PMID: 25383374 PMCID: PMC4214036 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates factors affecting older persons' state of loneliness in multiethnic Malaysia using data from the 2004 Malaysian Population and Family Survey, the first nationally representative sample in Malaysia. The study sample was extracted to include Malays, Chinese, Indians and other Indigenous groups aged 60 and above, and who had children (n = 1791). Cross tabulations and ordinal logistic regression methods were used in the analysis. Among the ethnic groups, older Malays were more likely than their Chinese and Indian counterparts to experience loneliness. Loneliness was found to be associated with age, marital status, education level, sources of income, health status, and physical limitations. Among older people, feelings of loneliness were inversely related with coresidence with adult children and participation in religious activities. Sociodemographic changes have eroded the traditional family support system for the elderly, while social security remains inadequate. This study shows the important role of family in alleviating loneliness among older people. Hence the need to promote and facilitate coresidence, as well as participation in religious activities, and a healthy lifestyle as a priority strategy is in line with the objectives of the National Policy for the Older People.
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