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Cavalieri G, Cilurzo G, Pettorosso L, Mansueto A, Laurini E, Pricl S. Biophysical and docking study on the interaction of anticancer drugs encorafenib and binimetinib with human serum albumin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106550. [PMID: 37527692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in combination therapy has demonstrated superior outcomes in the treatment of melanoma as compared to monotherapy. In the present scenario, the combination therapy of Encorafenib (ENC), a BRAF inhibitor, and Binimetinib (BINI), a MEK inhibitor, has been identified as one of the most efficacious treatment modalities for this malignancy. Investigations of protein binding, particularly with human serum albumin (HSA), are essential to understand drug performance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. The investigation of the interplay between small molecule drugs and HSA is of paramount importance, given that such interactions can exert a substantial influence on the pharmacokinetics of these therapeutic agents. The present study aims to bridge these lacunae by implementing a comprehensive approach that integrates fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (far-UV CD), and molecular simulations. Through analysis of the fluorescence quenching of HSA at three distinct temperatures, it was ascertained that the association constants for the complexes formed between drugs and HSA were of the magnitude of 104 M-1. This suggests that the interactions between the compounds and albumin were moderate and comparable. Simultaneously, the investigation of fluorescence indicated a contrasting binding mechanism for the two inhibitors: ENC predominantly binds to HSA through enthalpic interaction, while BINI/HSA is stabilized by entropic contributions. The data obtained was confirmed through experimental procedures conducted using the ITC method. The results of ligand-competitive displacement experiments indicate that ENC and BINI can bind to HSA within subdomain IIA, specifically Sudlow site I. However, far-UV CD studies show that there are no notable alterations in the structure of HSA upon binding with either of the two inhibitors. Ultimately, the results were supported by computational molecular analysis, which identified the key interactions that contribute to the stabilization of the two ligand/HSA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cavalieri
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Cilurzo
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pettorosso
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Mansueto
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
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Malekipour MH, Shirani F, Moradi S, Taherkhani A. Cinnamic acid derivatives as potential matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors: molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e9. [PMID: 37037467 PMCID: PMC10085732 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc and calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of MMP-9 has been confirmed in several disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. Therefore, MMP-9 inhibition is recommended as a therapeutic strategy for combating various diseases. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown therapeutic effects in different cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. A computational drug discovery approach was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of selected cinnamic acid derivatives to the MMP-9 active site. The stability of docked poses for top-ranked compounds was also examined. Twelve herbal cinnamic acid derivatives were tested for possible MMP-9 inhibition using the AutoDock 4.0 tool. The stability of the docked poses for the most potent MMP-9 inhibitors was assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanosecond simulations. Interactions between the best MMP-9 inhibitors in this study and residues incorporated in the MMP-9 active site were studied before and after MD simulations. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable binding affinity to the MMP-9 catalytic domain (ΔGbinding < -10 kcal/mol). The inhibition constant value for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were calculated at the picomolar scale and assigned as the most potent MMP-9 inhibitor from the cinnamic acid derivatives. The root-mean-square deviations for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were below 2 Å in the 10 ns simulation. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid might be considered drug candidates for MMP-9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Malekipour
- Dental Students Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shirani
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
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Nedić O, Penezić A, Minić S, Radomirović M, Nikolić M, Ćirković Veličković T, Gligorijević N. Food Antioxidants and Their Interaction with Human Proteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040815. [PMID: 37107190 PMCID: PMC10135064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Common to all biological systems and living organisms are molecular interactions, which may lead to specific physiological events. Most often, a cascade of events occurs, establishing an equilibrium between possibly competing and/or synergistic processes. Biochemical pathways that sustain life depend on multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to aging and/or diseases. This article deals with food antioxidants and human proteins from the circulation, their interaction, their effect on the structure, properties, and function of antioxidant-bound proteins, and the possible impact of complex formation on antioxidants. An overview of studies examining interactions between individual antioxidant compounds and major blood proteins is presented with findings. Investigating antioxidant/protein interactions at the level of the human organism and determining antioxidant distribution between proteins and involvement in the particular physiological role is a very complex and challenging task. However, by knowing the role of a particular protein in certain pathology or aging, and the effect exerted by a particular antioxidant bound to it, it is possible to recommend specific food intake or resistance to it to improve the condition or slow down the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Penezić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Simeon Minić
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Radomirović
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolić
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Ćirković Veličković
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Janatifard F, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR, Housaindokht MR. Molecular analyses of the C-terminal CRAF variants associated with cardiomyopathy reveal their opposing impacts on the active conformation of the kinase domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15328-15338. [PMID: 36927384 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The germline mutations in the C-terminus of CRAF kinase, particularly L603, and S612T/L613V, are associated with congenital heart disorders, for example, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The experimental data suggest that genetic alternation at position 603 impairs, while those at positions 612/613 enhance the CRAF kinase activity. However, the underlying mechanistic details by which these mutations increase or decrease kinase activity remain elusive. Therefore, we applied molecular dynamic simulation to investigate the impacts of these point mutations on the conformation of the CRAF kinase domain. The results revealed that the substitution of Leucine 603 for proline transits the kinase domain to a state that exhibits the molecular hallmarks of an inactive kinase, for example, a closed activation loop, 'αC-helix out' conformation and a distorted regulatory hydrophobic spine. However, two HCM-associated variants (S612T and L613V) show features of an active conformation, such as an open activation loop conformation, 'αC-helix in', the assembly of the hydrophobic spine, and more surface-exposed catalytic residues of phosphoryl transfer reaction. Overall, our study provides a mechanistic basis for the contradictory effects of the CRAF variants associated with HCM and DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Janatifard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Self-association process of tetracycline antibiotic in different aqueous solutions: a joint experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chowdhury S, Bhuiya S, Haque L, Das S. In-depth investigation of the binding of flavonoid taxifolin with bovine hemoglobin at physiological pH: Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117513. [PMID: 31521000 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of bioactive flavonoids as drugs has long mesmerized the scientific world. Their small size and planar structure enables them to interact with limitless substrates especially biomolecules. Taxifolin is a flavonoid well known for its anti-oxidizing and metal chelating properties. Its interaction with a few biomolecules has been studied so far to exploit its pharmacological activities. Hemoglobin, an iron containing macromolecule acts as a major carrier protein and is also associated with the occurrence of many diseases. Our present study lays emphasis on the interaction of flavanonol taxifolin with bovine hemoglobin at physiological pH. This was achieved by monitoring the changes in the absorbance, fluorescence, anisotropic, lifetime and circular dichroic spectra. Benesi-Hildebrand plot determined a binding constant value of 20.0 × 103 M-1 at 25 °C. Stern-Volmer quenching studies reveal that the binding is associated with a static mode of quenching. The complexation is thermodynamically favored as indicated by the negative value of enthalpy and positive value of entropy changes seen from the van't Hoff plot. Theoretical DFT calculations were used to find out an optimized geometry and HOMO-LUMO energy gap for taxifolin. Molecular docking studies revealed the location of taxifolin inside the hemoglobin moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Chowdhury
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sutanwi Bhuiya
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Lucy Haque
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Suman Das
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Liu C, Guo J, Cui F. Study on the stereoselective binding of cytosine nucleoside enantiomers to human serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117452. [PMID: 31408792 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside drugs are known for their remarkable anticancer and antiviral properties. The development of nucleoside drugs has attracted much attention and generated a great deal of research interest. β-L-cytidine and β-D-cytidine are a pair of cytosine nucleoside enantiomers. In this work, the interactions between cytosine nucleoside enantiomers and human serum albumin were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectra, fluorescence spectrum and circular dichroism spectrum under simulated human physiological environment. The data of fluorescence spectra were corrected for the inner-filter effect to improve accuracy. Stern-Volmer quenching constants and binding constants in addition to thermodynamic parameters have been analyzed, which established that complexes formation have taken place via static quenching mechanism, and that hydrophobic force involved in these interactions. CD spectrum revealed that on addition of cytosine nucleoside enantiomers, the α-helix% of HSA increased slightly. What's more, molecular modeling method indicated that cytosine nucleoside enantiomers prefer binding at the IIIA site of HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Fengling Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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Zhang CL, Liu YX, Zhang XM, Chen S, Shen F, Xiong YH, Liu W, Mao ZW, Le XY. Synthesis, characterization, DNA/HSA interactions and in vitro cytotoxic activities of two novel water-soluble copper(II) complexes with 1,3,5-triazine derivative ligand and amino acids. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:414-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mohseni-Shahri FS, Moeinpour F, Nosrati M. Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation study on the interaction of sunset yellow food additive with pepsin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:273-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tanzadehpanah H, Mahaki H, Moradi M, Afshar S, Rajabi O, Najafi R, Amini R, Saidijam M. Human serum albumin binding and synergistic effects of gefitinib in combination with regorafenib on colorectal cancer cell lines. COLORECTAL CANCER 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the combination effect of gefitinib (GEF) and regorafenib (REG) against HCT116, CT26 and SW948 colorectal cancer cell lines. Results showed synergistic effects on HCT116 and CT26 cells, while the additive effect was observed on SW948 cells. Combination of GEF and REG induced sub-G1 peak as the apoptotic population on HCT116 cells, through flow cytometry histogram. Downregulation of AKT1 and TGFB2 and upregulation of CASP3 were observed in the combination of GEF and REG in HCT116 cells, using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. HSA binding properties exhibit that the first drug increased binding affinity between the second drug and HSA; as a result, HSA could transport both drugs. Thus, we hope this study creates a promising strategy to treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Moradi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Interaction of drugs amlodipine and paroxetine with the metabolizing enzyme CYP2B4: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Model 2018; 24:67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tanzadehpanah H, Mahaki H, Moghadam NH, Salehzadeh S, Rajabi O, Najafi R, Amini R, Saidijam M. Binding site identification of anticancer drug gefitinib to HSA and DNA in the presence of five different probes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:823-836. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1441073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | | | - Omid Rajabi
- Medical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Liu W, Chen S, Mao Z, Le X. Synthesis, crystal structures and DNA/human serum albumin binding of ternary Cu(II) complexes containing amino acids and 6‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamino. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Lian Zhang
- Department of Applied ChemistrySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Mei Zhang
- Department of Applied ChemistrySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Applied ChemistrySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Zong‐Wan Mao
- School of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Yi Le
- Department of Applied ChemistrySouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 People's Republic of China
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Janati-Fard F, Housaindokht MR, Monhemi H. Investigation of structural stability and enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase and its subunits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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