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Stanitska M, Pokhodylo N, Lytvyn R, Urbonas E, Volyniuk D, Kutsiy S, Ivaniuk K, Kinzhybalo V, Stakhira P, Keruckiene R, Obushak M, Gražulevičius JV. Effects of Electron-Withdrawing Strengths of the Substituents on the Properties of 4-(Carbazolyl- R-benzoyl)-5-CF 3-1 H-1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Blue Emitters for Doping-Free Electroluminescence Devices. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14613-14626. [PMID: 38559965 PMCID: PMC10976381 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of four 4-(carbazolyl-R-benzoyl)-5-CF3-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with extra groups ((3-methyl)-phenyl-, 4-fluorophenyl-, quinolinyl-, or (3-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl-) in the acceptor fragment has been reported. The effects of substituents with different electron-withdrawing strengths on the thermal, electrochemical, photophysical, and electroluminescence properties of the synthesized compounds are discussed. The results of X-ray analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support unusual molecular packing and electronic properties. The compounds are capable of glass formation with glass transition temperatures ranging from 54-84 °C. Ionization potentials of the compounds are in the range of 5.98-6.22 eV and electron affinities range from 3.09 to 3.35 eV. Under ultraviolet excitation, the neat films of the compounds exhibit blue emission with photoluminescence quantum yields ranging from 18 to 27%. The films of selected compounds are used for the preparation of host-free light-emitting layers of organic light-emitting diodes with very simple device structures and an external quantum efficiency of 4.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Stanitska
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Nazariy Pokhodylo
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lytvyn
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Ervinas Urbonas
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Stepan Kutsiy
- National
University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Stepan Bandera 12, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna Ivaniuk
- National
University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Stepan Bandera 12, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kinzhybalo
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Okólna 2, Wrocław 50-422, Poland
| | - Pavlo Stakhira
- National
University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Stepan Bandera 12, Lviv 79000, Ukraine
| | - Rasa Keruckiene
- Kaunas
University of Technology, Baršausko st. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mykola Obushak
- Ivan
Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya 6, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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Parisi E, Capasso D, Capobianco A, Peluso A, Di Gaetano S, Fusco S, Manfredi C, Mozzillo R, Pinto G, Centore R. Tautomeric and conformational switching in a new versatile N-rich heterocyclic ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14452-14462. [PMID: 33043951 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new N-rich triazolo-triazole derivative, 4-methyl-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole (C8H7N7), bearing a pyrazine residue at 7-position of the triazolo-triazole bicycle, was synthesized, and its acid-base and metal coordination properties were evaluated in solution. The results showed amphoteric behavior and the formation of stable complexes with Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) in pH intervals in which the ligand is neutral or deprotonated. Computational studies were performed in order to evaluate the stability of the different tautomers/conformers of the ligand, and the proton position in the neutral and acidic forms. Single crystal X-ray analysis of the free neutral ligand (2H/s-trans tautomer/conformer), and of its singly protonated (2H-3H/s-trans), doubly protonated (2H-3H-7H/s-trans) and deprotonated forms showed that the influence of the pyrazine ring on the triazolo-triazole system is mainly as electron withdrawing and chelating group, and proton acceptor. Different coordination modes have been evidenced for the neutral and deprotonated ligand. Upon metal coordination, the neutral ligand switches from 2H/s-trans to 3H/s-cis tautomer/conformer forming five-membered chelate rings, while the anionic deprotonated ligand forms six-membered chelate rings in the s-trans conformation. Altogether, five different tautomers/conformers of the ligand were isolated and characterized. In vitro tests confirmed the general antiproliferative activity of triazolo-triazole compounds and the importance of substitution in position 7 for their selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuele Parisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenica Capasso
- CESTEV, University of Naples Federico II, Via De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- CNR-Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandra Fusco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carla Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Mozzillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberto Centore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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