1
|
Johnson SS. The Urgent Need to Advance Health Equity: Past and Present. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:427-447. [PMID: 38418436 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241232057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
|
2
|
Bauermeister J, Halem J. Breaking Down Silos to Accelerate Innovation in LGBTQ+ Health. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:431-435. [PMID: 38418441 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241232057b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Bauermeister
- Eidos LGBTQ+ Health Initiative at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Halem
- Eidos LGBTQ+ Health Initiative at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Long Z, Qian Z, Liu W, Chen L. Research on factors influencing the academic entrepreneurial ability of teachers in the digital age: Evidence from China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24152. [PMID: 38293401 PMCID: PMC10825439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In the contemporary digital economy, economic development increasingly relies on the innovation and dissemination of knowledge. Academic entrepreneurship, as a direct channel for knowledge dissemination into the marketplace, is significantly influenced by digital technology. Consequently, how to improve academic entrepreneurial ability has become a hot research topic. This study is grounded in the theory of reciprocal determinism within the context of the digital economy. We use the "2019 China Digital Economy Development Index White Paper" and collect data from 1843 survey questionnaires in China to conduct empirical research with a ridge regression model. It primarily focuses on the following individual factors and social environmental factors on academic entrepreneurial ability of teachers (AEAT): digital economy (DE), organizational support (OS), policy environment (PE), and personal learning growth (PLG). First, the findings show that the DE, OS, PE, and PLG have a significant positive impact on improving AEAT. Second, the results also indicate that social environmental factors relative to personal factors will have a greater impact. Finally, this study not only presents the first attempt to establish a connection between DE and AEAT but also holds significant managerial implications for enhancing AEAT within the context of the DE. Despite the increasing body of literature on academic entrepreneurship, the research domain pertaining specifically to AEAT remains fragmented and lacks comprehensive theoretical development. There is a pressing need for more systematic and thorough investigations to unveil the black box of factors influencing AEAT in the context of the DE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zehai Long
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuoyi Qian
- Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Institute of China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- MBA School, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Silva M, Al-Tabbaa O, Pinto J. Academics engaging in knowledge transfer and co-creation: Push causation and pull effectuation? RESEARCH POLICY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Assessing the Impact of Universities’ Entrepreneurial Activity on Regional Competitiveness. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci13020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to test the multidimensional construct of the Entrepreneurial University (EU), and therefore to confirm whether EU factors make a positive contribution to regional competitiveness. Data were collected from ten Portuguese Public Universities (PPUs) through a self-administered questionnaire. First- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed through factor and multiple linear regression analyses. The main findings show that EU related factors—perceived and combined with actual regional metrics—especially entrepreneurial supporting measures, positively contributed to regional competitiveness. This study shows policy makers that universities are not merely cost centres but provide knowledge spillovers that can have a positive influence on regional competitiveness.
Collapse
|
6
|
Quero MJ, Díaz-Méndez M, Ventura R, Gummesson E. Co-patenting, co-ownership, and co-ideation as drivers for university business innovation: the case of public universities in Spain. TQM JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/tqm-03-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper explores whether, in the context of university–industry (U–I) collaboration, new innovation strategies can be developed through actors' interactions, the exchange of resources and the co-creation of value for and within the system. In the context of the U–I relationship, the innovation perspective can highlight the need to develop strategies that elicit new formulas of value co-creation, which then facilitate innovation as a result of actor collaboration.Design/methodology/approachA total of 45 public universities in Spain, representing 95% of the total, participated in qualitative research. Personal in-depth interviews with technology transfer officers (TTOs) were conducted by an external firm; in a second phase, two of the researchers conducted eight interviews with the directors of TTOs in those universities with higher rates of transfer.FindingsFindings reveal that enterprises with a technological focus are strengthening their relationships with universities and attempting to build a university business ecosystem by designing strategies for value co-creation such as co-ownership, co-patenting, and co-invention.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical research is conducted in Spain, and results should be interpreted according to this context. Future research should examine new contexts (other countries) to improve the robustness of the data and enrich the results, thus enabling generalization of the management consequences.Originality/valueThe results provide a means to design strategies under a new collaborative and innovating logic. The theoretical framework contributes to theory, with implications for management.
Collapse
|
7
|
Prokop D. The Composition of University Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Academic Entrepreneurship: A UK Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219877022500201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the link between the composition of university entrepreneurial ecosystems and performance of higher education institutions (HEIs) in academic entrepreneurship, specifically founding academic spinoff companies. The paper studies a sample of 160 UK HEIs and their university entrepreneurial ecosystems related to formation of 784 academic spinoffs. It employs social network analysis (SNA) to inspect the composition and connections between university entrepreneurial ecosystems. It finds that HEIs based in better developed university entrepreneurial ecosystems are associated with formation of greater numbers of academic spinoff companies. The best performing ecosystems are based in the Greater South East region. It is concluded that policymakers need to recognize the importance of the composition of the university entrepreneurial ecosystems and the role it plays in academic entrepreneurship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prokop
- School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3WA, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, van Gorp D, Kievit H. Digital technology and national entrepreneurship: An ecosystem perspective. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2022; 48:1077-1105. [PMID: 35602312 PMCID: PMC9112651 DOI: 10.1007/s10961-022-09934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of digital technology has been recognized in the entrepreneurship literature, we know relatively little about how and to what extent it influences a nation's entrepreneurial activities. Drawing on the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem, this study developed a conceptual model to explain the impact of digital technology on national entrepreneurship and the interactions between digital technology and other ecosystem elements. The hypotheses are tested by using unbalanced panel data of 101 countries from 2001 to 2018. The empirical results show that the level of digital technology is positively associated with the output of national entrepreneurial ecosystems, and this positive relationship is strengthened in nations with a supportive culture, high-quality institutions, supportive policies, accessible resources, and well-developed service industries. The findings highlight the importance of digital technology, provide fresh insights into the interdependence between elements and causal mechanisms in national entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Straatweg 25, 3621 BG Breukelen, The Netherlands
| | - Désirée van Gorp
- Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Straatweg 25, 3621 BG Breukelen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Kievit
- Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Straatweg 25, 3621 BG Breukelen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Conceptualising the entrepreneurial university: the stakeholder approach. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-022-09926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study uses the stakeholder perspective to knowledge spillover theory at university to explain how various characteristics of internal and external university stakeholders will affect its entrepreneurial outcomes. Acknowledging the heterogeneity between entrepreneurial universities, we theoretically developed and empirically tested a model for four types of stakeholders (knowledge enablers, knowledge creators, knowledge codifiers, knowledge facilitators) across three university types (Russel group, teaching-based and polytechnic universities). To test our hypotheses related to the role of stakeholders in entrepreneurial outcomes of a university we used panel data on 139 UK universities that achieved entrepreneurial outcomes during 2010 and 2016. The results demonstrate significant differences in the role that stakeholders play in knowledge spillover entrepreneurship at universities with the effects vary across three distinct university types.
Collapse
|
10
|
Conlé M, Kroll H, Storz C, ten Brink T. University satellite institutes as exogenous facilitators of technology transfer ecosystem development. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUniversities can contribute to knowledge-based regional development not only in their home region but also in other regions. In a number of countries, universities have established university satellite institutes in additional (host) regions to promote research and technology transfer there. We investigate the role of university satellite institutes in the industrial development of regions, which, albeit not economically marginal, suffer from a weak knowledge infrastructure, limited absorptive capacities for external knowledge in the business sector and hence a low degree of attractiveness for non-local knowledge actors. Despite policy recommendations in favor of establishing satellite institutes, there has only been limited empirical research on this phenomenon, particularly concerning technology transfer ecosystem development. To fill this gap, we provide an exploratory case study of university satellite institutes in the Pearl River Delta of China’s Guangdong province. We show how such institutes can be successful in facilitating the development of their host region’s technology transfer ecosystems and demonstrate why they should be conceptually included in our existing understanding of third mission activities. Our research centers on the interplay of geographical proximity and non-spatial, organized proximity in the development of interregional knowledge bridges and entrepreneurial opportunities. We argue that the university’s geographical proximity is only successful if the satellite institute, by facilitating organized proximity, promotes the geographical proximity of further knowledge actors, hereby propelling ecosystem development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sternberg R. Entrepreneurship and geography-some thoughts about a complex relationship. THE ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 69:559-584. [PMID: 34876777 PMCID: PMC8639848 DOI: 10.1007/s00168-021-01091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review article sheds a light on the complex and hitherto under-researched relationship between geography and entrepreneurship. This relationship is considered to be interdependent. Both directions are discussed. The paper also describes the perspectives of both academic disciplines involved in regional entrepreneurship research, namely (geographically sensitive) economics and management studies on the one hand, and economic geography on the other. Based on a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and empirical literature on regional entrepreneurship, several research gaps are identified that could be helpful for designing future research. Some have strong relevance for government policy, which has recently paid much more attention to entrepreneurship than in the past (e.g. related to the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach), but which rather rarely has been considered in academic evaluations so far. This paper ends with a suggestion for an agenda for future regional entrepreneurship research. Digital transformation with its potential for a disruptive transformation of economies and societies will provide an excellent and, of course, a currently not well-understood research field for regional entrepreneurship research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Sternberg
- Institute of Economic and Cultural Geography, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 50, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anderson BJ, Leonchuk O, O’Connor AC, Shaw BK, Walsh AC. Insights from the evaluations of the NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovation and Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hubs programs. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 6:e7. [PMID: 35211333 PMCID: PMC8826008 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Institutes of Health launched the NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovation and the Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hubs programs to develop approaches and strategies to promote academic entrepreneurship and translate research discoveries into products and tools to help patients. The two programs collectively funded 11 sites at individual research institutions or consortia of institutions around the United States. Sites provided funding, project management, and coaching to funded investigators and commercialization education programs open to their research communities. METHODS We implemented an evaluation program that included longitudinal tracking of funded technology development projects and commercialization outcomes; interviews with site teams, funded investigators, and relevant institutional and innovation ecosystem stakeholders and analysis and review of administrative data. RESULTS As of May 2021, interim results for 366 funded projects show that technologies have received nearly $1.7 billion in follow-on funding to-date. There were 88 start-ups formed, a 40% Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer application success rate, and 17 licenses with small and large businesses. Twelve technologies are currently in clinical testing and three are on the market. CONCLUSIONS Best practices used by the sites included leadership teams using milestone-based project management, external advisory boards that evaluated funding applications for commercial merit as well as scientific, sustained engagement with the academic community about commercialization in an effort to shift attitudes about commercialization, application processes synced with education programs, and the provision of project managers with private-sector product development expertise to coach funded investigators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Anderson
- Center for Applied Economics and Strategy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olena Leonchuk
- Center for Applied Economics and Strategy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alan C. O’Connor
- Center for Applied Economics and Strategy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brooke K. Shaw
- Center for Applied Economics and Strategy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda C. Walsh
- Center for Applied Economics and Strategy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang W, Liu Y. Does University-industry innovation community affect firms’ inventions? The mediating role of technology transfer. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Giones F, Kleine K, Tegtmeier S. Students as scientists’ co-pilots at the onset of technology transfer: a two-way learning process. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo provide further knowledge and technology transfer to society, universities are exploring new collaborative models. These new models are regarded as promising alternatives to the patent-centric linear model. However, their implementation requires revising the roles of the actors in the technology transfer process and their relationships. While collaborative models could indeed be an attractive option for universities, there is limited evidence on how these collaboration processes could be effectively introduced. We use a longitudinal embedded multiple case study to explore the contribution of knowledge interactions between scientists and students in the preliminary steps of the technology transfer process. We investigate the learning dynamics between the focal actor, i.e., the scientist, and the students in a university setting to decipher how the introduction of such collaborative processes can contribute to knowledge and technology transfer. Our results suggest that students enrolled in an educational program can contribute to the scientist’s interest and engagement in technology transfer. However, we find out that the extent of the students’ contribution depends on the shared consensus over the technology function and the openness of the scientist to reconsider the technology’s meaning. We contribute to the ongoing exploration of alternative models for technology transfer and the identification of additional roles that students can take in entrepreneurial university ecosystems.
Collapse
|
15
|
Aguiar Noury G, Walmsley A, Jones RB, Gaudl SE. The Barriers of the Assistive Robotics Market-What Inhibits Health Innovation? SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093111. [PMID: 33947063 PMCID: PMC8125645 DOI: 10.3390/s21093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Demographic changes are putting the healthcare industry under pressure. However, while other industries have been able to automate their operation through robotic and autonomous systems, the healthcare sector is still reluctant to change. What makes robotic innovation in healthcare so difficult? Despite offering more efficient, and consumer-friendly care, the assistive robotics market has lacked penetration. To answer this question, we have broken down the development process, taking a market transformation perspective. By interviewing assistive robotics companies at different business stages from France and the UK, this paper identifies new insight into the main barriers of the assistive robotics market that are inhibiting the sector. Their impact is analysed during the different stages of the development, exploring how these barriers affect the planning, conceptualisation and adoption of these solutions. This research presents a foundation for understanding innovation barriers that high-tech ventures face in the healthcare industry, and the need for public policy measures to support these technology-based firms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Aguiar Noury
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL48AA, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Walmsley
- International Centre for Transformational Entrepreneurship, Coventry University, Coventry CV15FB, UK;
| | - Ray B. Jones
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL48AA, UK;
| | - Swen E. Gaudl
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL48AA, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Engines need transmission belts: the importance of people in technology transfer offices. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the last 20 years, universities and Public Research Organizations have increased their efforts to transfer their research results towards industrial applications in order to generate economic and social impact. Among many different actions, new technology transfer offices (TTOs) have been set up and existing ones strengthened. The present paper intends to evaluate the effects of a specific policy action launched by the Italian Patent and Trademark Office (UIBM) within the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (MISE), aimed at increasing the number of employees in TTOs to foster technology transfer in general and the valorization of intellectual property rights more specifically. Our results suggest that the impact of the UIBM policy action has been positive and that in some specific situations the impact was stronger. Our results therefore contribute to the technology transfer literature and can have implications for both academic research and decisions regarding investments in human resources in university TTOs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Scientist or Entrepreneur? Identity centrality, university entrepreneurial mission, and academic entrepreneurial intention. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between identity centrality and entrepreneurial intention. Based on a survey of 275 academic scientists from 14 Chinese universities, the results show that entrepreneurial identity centrality positively influences the intention to engage in research commercialisation activities, such as spin-off creation, patenting and licensing, contracting research and consulting. We also found that the conflict between entrepreneurial and scientific identity centrality is less problematic than expected in the literature. In fact, the interaction between both identity centralities strengthens academics scientists’ intention to involve in academic entrepreneurship. Concerning the influence of institutional factor on academic entrepreneurship, the finding confirms that university entrepreneurial mission moderates the relationship between both identity centralities and the intention to establish spin-offs. Finally, this paper provides insights for academic entrepreneurship in China and practical recommendation for policy makers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi Y, Zou B, Santos RS. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: How do academic entrepreneurs deal with identity conflict? REVIEW OF MANAGERIAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11846-020-00420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
The brokering role of technology transfer offices within entrepreneurial ecosystems: an investigation of macro–meso–micro factors. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-020-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Dai Y, Xu J. Impact of non-commercial networks on academic entrepreneurship in post-commercialisation. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09537325.2020.1808609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Dai
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
PurposeThis paper examines and discusses the need for micro-level analyses of academic entrepreneurship and outlines a micro-level research agenda for the study of academic entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of academic literature on academic entrepreneurship, this study focuses on individual actors and suggests some future research agendas.FindingsThe authors highlight that more studies dealing with academic entrepreneurship need to take a micro-level perspective, thereby outline several fruitful avenues of research: (1) star scientists and principal investigators, (2) TTO professionals, (3) graduate entrepreneurs, (4) university administrators, (5) policy makers and funders as well as (6) micro-level organisational routines.Practical implicationsThis paper derives three main implications for management practice and policy. First, there is a real need to develop the managerial skills, competencies and capabilities of scientists and individuals. Second, policy makers need to ensure the necessary resources to pursue a paradigm shift towards more entrepreneurial thinking and action and create adequate incentives. Third, firms need to offer support and guidance on how to best commercialise and transfer scientific knowledge and ideally complement support structures of universities and research institutes.Originality/valueThis paper provides an organising framework for the study of micro-level academic entrepreneurship and emphasises the need to focus further on individual actors and how their actions, behaviours and approaches contribute to academic entrepreneurship in different institutional, environmental and cultural contexts.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gubbins M, Harrington D, Hines P. Social support for academic entrepreneurship: definition and conceptual framework. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-11-2019-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw on literature underpinning social support to explore individual level considerations when designing social support systems for academic entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws from literature in the fields of entrepreneurship, organisational support, stress and coping, and conservation of resources theory to conceptualise social support in an academic entrepreneurship setting.FindingsProvides an expanded definition and a framework of social support. The definition signals the complex nature of delivering social support by considering mechanisms through which the concept is operationalised. These include the content of social support, relationships it occurs within, mode of delivery of support and finally outcomes of such support. A social support influencer pentagram is presented of elements that, together, or separately may affect how individuals seek, receive or perceive support in the academic entrepreneurship context. The framework may also have implications for organisations in other contexts.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should explore the content, delivery mode and timing of support sought and/or received and perceived as helpful and the types of relationships within which these might occur. The impact of this on academic entrepreneurship and variation of these inputs and outputs with respect to the types of actors involved should be considered. It underscores the need, in empirical research, for in-depth understanding of the context of each incident of support regardless of organisational context.Practical implicationsThis paper illustrates the challenges of designing a supportive culture and the conceptual contribution forewarns policy makers of the need to design multi-faceted, flexible and adaptive social support systems.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to establish the value and complex nature of social support as a medium to encourage academic entrepreneurship by providing a broader definition of social support and a framework of elements that may affect whether individuals seek, receive or perceive support within the academic entrepreneurship setting. To our knowledge, it is one of the first papers in an academic entrepreneurship setting which recognises the dual separate paths [based on stress and coping theory (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) and conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989)] from the perception of support and the objective support itself to entrepreneurial outcomes. The proposed framework also seeks to contribute to a greater understanding of the ways in which social systems might influence the success of an individual academic’s entrepreneurial endeavours and those of others with whom they interact. It also contributes to the wider social support literature by providing a better understanding of how individuals might break resource loss spirals (Hobfoll et al., 2018).
Collapse
|
24
|
Understanding entrepreneurial academics ‐ how they perceive their environment differently. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-09-2019-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAcademic entrepreneurship is seen as a pathway for universities to create value from their knowledge. However, there has been a lack of clarity about what activities constitute academic entrepreneurship, the different type of entrepreneurial academics and how their perceptions of their environment relate to their engagement.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a large data set of 10,836 responses across 33 countries, the empirical study investigates European academics who undertake four academic entrepreneurship activities (spin-out creation, commercialisation of R&D results, joint R&D and consulting) to determine if they perceive the environment for academic entrepreneurship differently than those who undertake only some of the activities and those undertaking none at all.FindingsThe findings show that less than 1% of academics undertake exclusively spin-offs creation or R&D commercialisation; however, the majority also engage in other entrepreneurial activities such as joint R&D and consulting and even other education and management engagement activities with industry. In addition, entrepreneurial academics in Europe perceive significantly higher motivators and more developed supporting mechanisms for academic entrepreneurship. However, their perceptions of barriers are similar.Practical implicationsAt a managerial and policy level, the study results call into question universities prioritising a narrow view of academic entrepreneurship which focusses only on spin-offs creation and R&D commercialisation. Instead, a broader view of academic entrepreneurship is recommended and appropriate mechanisms in place to enable academics to achieve research outcomes from their entrepreneurial activity.Originality/valueThis paper offers an important contribution on how the perception of the environment contributes to the development of entrepreneurial behaviour in individual academics.
Collapse
|
25
|
Neves S, Brito C. Academic entrepreneurship intentions: a systematic literature review. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jmd-11-2019-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe objective of this research is to have an up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the variables that encourage the individuals, within the academic community, to get involved in knowledge exploitation activities. It is influenced by the observation that there is a need for more systematic scrutiny of micro-level processes to deepen our understanding of academic entrepreneurship (Balven et al., 2018; Wright and Phan, 2018). The study proposes to answer to ‘What are the drivers of academic entrepreneurial intentions?’ and ‘What are the emerging topics for future research?’Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a Systematic Literature Review process (Tranfield et al., 2003) and adopts a four-step process format from previous literature reviews within the entrepreneurship context (Miller et al., 2018). From the results within Scopus and Web of Science databases, this research selected, evaluated, summarised and synthesised 66 relevant papers.FindingsThis study provides a factor-listed representation of the individual, organisational and institutional variables that should be considered in the strategies defined by the university. Moreover, the study concludes that the push factors behind the intentions are multiple, context-dependent, hierarchy-dependent, heterogeneous and, at the same time, dependent on each other and against each other. Lastly, the study contributes to academic entrepreneurship literature, especially entrepreneurial intention literature, which has recently received more researchers' attention.Originality/valueThe study corroborates that the individual factors, directly and indirectly via Theory of Planned Behaviour, strongly impact the academics' intentions. While the focus of the papers under review was an in-depth analysis of a selected group of factors, this SLR sought to compile the factors that were identified and provide a broader picture of all those factors to be considered by the university management. It contributes to the identification and clustering of the drivers that encourage academics to engage in knowledge valorisation activities, differentiating them by activity. For the practitioners, this list can be used by university managers, TTOs and department managers, and policymakers to guide questionnaires or interviews to analyse their academics' intentions and adequately support its academic engagement strategy. Lastly, this study also suggests worthwhile avenues for future research.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tan FTC, Ondrus J, Tan B, Oh J. Digital transformation of business ecosystems: Evidence from the Korean pop industry. INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/isj.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix T. C. Tan
- UNSW Australia School of BusinessUNSW Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Jan Ondrus
- Information Systems, Decision Sciences and Statistics (IDS) DepartmentESSEC Business School Singapore
| | - Barney Tan
- The University of Sydney Business SchoolThe University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Jungsuk Oh
- Operations ManagementSeoul National University Seoul South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carayannis EG, Grigoroudis E, Alexander JM. In pursuit of smart growth: technology transfer theories, policies and practices. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-020-09779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
The Role of Social and Institutional Contexts in Social Innovations of Spanish Academic Spinoffs. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social innovations developed by academic spinoffs (ASOs) are acquiring an ever-increasing relevance in the literature on academic entrepreneurship. Previous studies have considered the importance of the social and institutional contexts of entrepreneurial ecosystems for the development of these innovations, although a greater depth of analysis is required in this field of study. This research analyzes the influence of the frequency of contact with agents of social and institutional contexts of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on the social innovations of ASOs. From a sample of 173 Spanish ASOs, the results indicate that frequent contact with government and academic support units improves this type of innovation of ASOs. Regarding social context, an increase in the frequency of contact with customers, suppliers, and competitors favors the development of social innovation. However, frequent contact with venture capital firms inhibits the development of this type of innovation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Models, Processes, and Roles of Universities in Technology Transfer Management: A Systematic Review. ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/admsci9030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Universities play pivotal roles when research findings are to be adopted commercially. Although these roles vary from one country to another, effective patenting and licensing procedures, as well as eventual commercialisation of scholarly inventions, reflect hard work on the part of the University mediating between the researcher and the industry through technology transfer offices (TTOs) in order to ensure that knowledge-developers take motivational and monetary credit for their findings. This paper details some existing models, processes, and roles taken up in some countries where sharing of intellectual property exists, and links it up with aspects of university–industry technology transfer, such as policies surrounding patenting, government investment and marketing, and the process of academic entrepreneurship, among others. 22 articles were found via a systematic review of literature and analysed with respect to four identified areas of focus: internal strategy, investment and market, academic entrepreneurship and policy. Based on models, processes, and roles in reviewed studies, our results indicate that new models for technology transfer mainly stem from the fact that there is no universally accepted model in the literature. Furthermore, management of technology transfer is mostly the responsibility of TTOs in most countries. While university TTOs act as intermediaries to protect the interest of the author/inventor, issues such as poor relationships between universities and industry, as well as funding, remain major challenges in many emerging economies. In contrast, researchers in western economies are mainly challenged by financial motivation and recognition within the academic domains.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gaofeng Y. Cross-border Collaboration Strategies in Academic Entrepreneurship of New R&D Institutions: Insights from Explorative Case Studies in China. SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0971721819841991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to understand how certain mechanisms promote cross-border collaboration strategies (CBCS) in new research and development institutions (NRDIs) and improve their academic entrepreneurship within the Triple Helix. Multiple case studies of NRDIs were conducted by proposing a ‘mission-structure-mechanisms-outcomes’ model with the open innovation concept. The findings pinpoint the important role played by CBCS in helping NRDI construct, a micro-collaborative and academic entrepreneurial ecosystem, and improving academic entrepreneurial performance. The following are the key to form CBCS and improve its entrepreneurial performance: to focus the core mission of NRDI on the research results commercialization, to establish cross-border integration, business incubation system and diversified incentives. Results from these case studies provide new insights into the role played by CBCS of NRDIs for practitioners and policymakers in this field.
Collapse
|
31
|
A typology of technology transfer ecosystems: how structure affects interactions at the science–market divide. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-019-09745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Gianiodis PT, Meek WR. Entrepreneurial education for the entrepreneurial university: a stakeholder perspective. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-019-09742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Hayter CS, Parker MA. Factors that influence the transition of university postdocs to non-academic scientific careers: An exploratory study. RESEARCH POLICY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
35
|
Mathisen MT, Rasmussen E. The development, growth, and performance of university spin-offs: a critical review. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-018-09714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Brown TC, O’Kane P, Mazumdar B, McCracken M. Performance Management: A Scoping Review of the Literature and an Agenda for Future Research. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1534484318798533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travor C. Brown
- Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stimulating academic patenting in a university ecosystem: an agent-based simulation approach. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-018-9697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Beyond formal university technology transfer: innovative pathways for knowledge exchange. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10961-018-9677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|