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Marimuthu E, Murugesan V. Influence of ultrasonic condition on phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in two phase system - A kinetic study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 38:560-569. [PMID: 27591894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonic condition assisted phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was investigated in an ethyl acetate/water two phase system at 60±1°C and 25kHz, 300W under inert atmosphere. The influence of monomer, initiator, catalyst and temperature, volume fraction of aqueous phase on the rate of polymerization was examined in detail. The reaction order was found to be unity for monomer, initiator and catalyst. Generally, the reaction rate was relatively fast in two phase system, when a catalytic amount of phase transfer catalyst was used. The combined approach, use of ultrasonic and PTC condition was significantly enhances the rate of polymerization. An ultrasonic and phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate has shown about three fold enhancements in the rate compared with silent polymerization of MMA using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as PTC. The resultant kinetics was evaluated with silent polymerization and an important feature was discussed. The activation energy and other thermodynamic parameters were computed. Based on the obtained results an appropriate radical mechanism has been derived. TGA showed the polymer was stable up to 150°C. The FT-IR and DSC analysis validates the atactic nature of the obtained polymer. The XRD pattern reveals the amorphous nature of polymer was dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elumalai Marimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai 600 048, India
| | - Vajjiravel Murugesan
- Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman University, Vandalur, Chennai 600 048, India.
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Multi-site phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in mixed aqueous–organic medium: a kinetic study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-017-0125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schmitt M. Method to analyse energy and intensity dependent photo-curing of acrylic esters in bulk. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-polymerizations induced by three different model resins, containing well-known commercial initiators, are monitored by an in situ Raman UV-vis system and analysed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Schmitt
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbruecken
- Germany
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Singh R, Srivastava D, Upadhyay SK. Fullerene as radical inhibitor in polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by arsonium ylide. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090412020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh R, Srivastava D, Upadhyay SK. Kinetics of Fullerene (C 60) Inhibition in Polymerization of Methyl Acrylate using Bismuthonium Ylide and Bismuthonium Ylide-Mercuric Chloride Complex as Initiators. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.586267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Singh A, Kamal M, Singh DK. Kinetics and Mechanism of Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate using Selenonium Ylide as a Novel Initiator. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320903078354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vajjiravel M, Umapathy MJ. Free radical polymerisation of methyl methacrylate initiated by multi-site phase transfer catalyst—a kinetic study. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Couty F, David O, Larmanjat B, Marrot J. Strained azetidinium ylides: new reagents for cyclopropanation. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1058-61. [PMID: 17253837 DOI: 10.1021/jo062221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Azetidinium ylides showed a remarkable ability to perform the cyclopropanation of Michael acceptors. Ephedrine-derived azetidinium ylides allowed the formation of substituted cyclopropanes in good yields and at a high level of stereoselectivity. The determination of the relative stereochemistries in the produced cyclopropanes gave some insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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Johnson JA, Finn MG, Koberstein JT, Turro NJ. Synthesis of Photocleavable Linear Macromonomers by ATRP and Star Macromonomers by a Tandem ATRP−Click Reaction: Precursors to Photodegradable Model Networks. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3157, New York, New York 10027; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027
| | - M. G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3157, New York, New York 10027; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027
| | - Jeffrey T. Koberstein
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3157, New York, New York 10027; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, MC3157, New York, New York 10027; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027
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Prajapati K, Varshney A. p-Nitrobenzyltriphenyl phosphonium ylide-initiated radical terpolymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile: synthesis, characterization and properties. POLYM INT 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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