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Vonlanthen M, Cuétara-Guadarrama F, Porcu P, Sorroza-Martínez K, González-Méndez I, Rivera E. Dendronized Porphyrins: Molecular Design and Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220126121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In this review, we report different methods and strategies to synthesize flexible and rigid dendronized porphyrins. We will focus on porphyrin dendrimers that have been reported in the last 10 years. Particularly, in our research group, we have designed and synthesized different series of dendronized porphyrins (free base and metallated) with pyrene units at the periphery and Fréchet-type dendritic arms. The Lindsey methodology has allowed the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins with various substitution patterns, such as symmetric, dissymmetric, or unsymmetric. Porphyrin dendrimers have been prepared by different synthetic methodologies; one of the most reported being the convergent method, where the dendrons are first prepared and further linked to a meso-substituted functionalized porphyrin unit, which will constitute the core of the dendrimer. Another interesting synthetic approach is the use of a reactive dendron bearing a terminal aldehyde functional group to form the final porphyrin core. In this way, a two-armed dendronized dissymmetric porphyrin core can be prepared from a dendritic precursor and a dipyrromethene derivative. This strategy is very convenient to prepare low-generation dendritic porphyrins. The divergent approach is another well-known methodology for porphyrin dendrimer synthesis, mostly used for the obtainment of high-generation dendrimers. Click chemistry reaction has been advantageous for the development of more complex porphyrin dendritic structures. This reaction presents important advantages, such as high yields and mild reaction conditions which permit the assembly of different multiporphyrin dendritic structures. In the constructs presented in this review, the emission of the porphyrin moiety has been observed, leading to potential applications in artificial photosynthesis, sensing, nanomedicine, and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Vonlanthen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián Cuétara-Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pasquale Porcu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kendra Sorroza-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel González-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Antipin IS, Alfimov MV, Arslanov VV, Burilov VA, Vatsadze SZ, Voloshin YZ, Volcho KP, Gorbatchuk VV, Gorbunova YG, Gromov SP, Dudkin SV, Zaitsev SY, Zakharova LY, Ziganshin MA, Zolotukhina AV, Kalinina MA, Karakhanov EA, Kashapov RR, Koifman OI, Konovalov AI, Korenev VS, Maksimov AL, Mamardashvili NZ, Mamardashvili GM, Martynov AG, Mustafina AR, Nugmanov RI, Ovsyannikov AS, Padnya PL, Potapov AS, Selektor SL, Sokolov MN, Solovieva SE, Stoikov II, Stuzhin PA, Suslov EV, Ushakov EN, Fedin VP, Fedorenko SV, Fedorova OA, Fedorov YV, Chvalun SN, Tsivadze AY, Shtykov SN, Shurpik DN, Shcherbina MA, Yakimova LS. Functional supramolecular systems: design and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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García-Álvarez F, Martínez-García M. Dendrimer Porphyrins: Applications in Nanomedicine. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201026203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a fascinating field of multidisciplinary study focused on developing
techniques that fight various diseases using nanoparticles. Among the various nanoparticles
used in nanomedicine, dendrimers have received increasing interest in recent years because
of the versatility that their structural characteristics give them. Specifically, dendrimer
porphyrins are compounds that incorporate macro heterocyclic-aromatic units within the dendritic
architecture and exhibit interesting photodynamic properties that are used to combat
various diseases using non-invasive methods. In the past 17 years, few studies of the application
of dendrimer porphyrins in nanomedicine have been published. This review focuses on
presenting recent studies of dendrimer porphyrins with possible applications in the field of
nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico
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Araújo ARL, Tomé AC, Santos CIM, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Simões MMQ, Moura NMM, Abu-Orabi ST, Cavaleiro JAS. Azides and Porphyrinoids: Synthetic Approaches and Applications. Part 1-Azides, Porphyrins and Corroles. Molecules 2020; 25:E1662. [PMID: 32260294 PMCID: PMC7181322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Azides and porphyrinoids (such as porphyrin and corrole macrocycles) can give rise to new derivatives with significant biological properties and as new materials' components. Significant synthetic approaches have been studied. A wide range of products (e.g., microporous organic networks, rotaxane and dendritic motifs, dendrimers as liquid crystals, as blood substitutes for transfusions and many others) can now be available and used for several medicinal and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. L. Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Carla I. M. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Mário M. Q. Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
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