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Fronczyk T, Mielańczyk A, Klymenko O, Erfurt K, Neugebauer D. Eco-Conscious Approach to Thermoresponsive Star-Comb and Mikto-Arm Polymers via Enzymatically Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Followed by Ring-Opening Polymerization. Molecules 2023; 29:55. [PMID: 38202638 PMCID: PMC10779862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of a heterofunctional initiator derived from 2-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), having eight bromoester groups and thirteen hydroxyl groups allowing the synthesis of mikto-arm star-shaped polymers. The bromoesterification of HP-β-CD was achieved using α-bromoisobutyryl bromide as the acylation reagent, modifying the cyclodextrin (CD) molecule as confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. The initiator's effectiveness was further demonstrated by obtaining star-comb and mikto-arm polymers via an enzymatically assisted atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method and subsequent ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The ATR polymerization quality and control depended on the type of monomer and was optimized by the way of introducing the initiator into the reaction mixture. In the case of ATRP, high conversion rates for poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA), with molecular weights (Mn) of 500 g/mol and 300 g/mol, were achieved. The molecular weight distribution of the obtained polymers remained in the range of 1.23-1.75. The obtained star-comb polymers were characterized by different arm lengths. Unreacted hydroxyl groups in the core of exemplary star-comb polymers were utilized in the ROP of ε-caprolactone (CL) to obtain a hydrophilic mikto-arm polymer. Cloud point temperature (TCP) values of the synthesized polymers increased with arm length, indicating the polymers' reduced hydrophobicity and enhanced solvation by water. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed the ability of the star-comb polymers to create fractals. The study elucidates advancements in the synthesis and utilization of hydrophilic sugar-based initiators for enzymatically assisted ATRP in an aqueous solution for obtaining complex star-comb polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Fronczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
| | - Olesya Klymenko
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
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Bargathulla I, Babu AA, Shanavas A, Vellaichamy E, Nasar AS. PEGylated bis-indolyl polyurethane dendrimers with anti-cancer activity as carriers for doxorubicin to treat lung cancer cells. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Panchal SS, Vasava DV. Fabricating approaches for synthesis of miktoarm star-shaped polymers having tailored biodegradability. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1981319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi S. Panchal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Yong HW, Kakkar A. Nanoengineering Branched Star Polymer-Based Formulations: Scope, Strategies, and Advances. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100105. [PMID: 34117840 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soft nanoparticles continue to offer a promising platform for the encapsulation and controlled delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and help enhance their bioavailability at targeted sites. Linear amphiphilic block copolymers are the most extensively investigated in formulating delivery vehicles. However, more recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing branched macromolecules for nanomedicine, as these have been shown to lower critical micelle concentrations, form particles of smaller dimensions, facilitate the inclusion of varied compositions and function-based entities, as well as provide prolonged and sustained release of cargo. In this review, it is aimed to discuss some of the key variables that are studied in tailoring branched architecture-based assemblies, and their influence on drug loading and delivery. By understanding structure-property relationships in these formulations, one can better design branched star polymers with suitable characteristics for efficient therapeutic interventions. The role played by polymer composition, chain architecture, crosslinking, stereocomplexation, compatibility between polymers and drugs, drug/polymer concentrations, and self-assembly methods in their performance as nanocarriers is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Yong
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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López S, Ramos M, García-Vargas J, García M, Rodríguez J, Gracia I. Carbon dioxide sorption and melting behaviour of mPEG-alkyne. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kubisa P, Lapienis G, Biela T. Star‐shaped copolymers with
PLA
–
PEG
arms and their potential applications as biomedical materials. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Kubisa
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lapienis
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Tadeusz Biela
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
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Lotocki V, Yazdani H, Zhang Q, Gran ER, Nyrko A, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymers with Environment-Selective ROS/GSH Responsive Locations: From Modular Synthesis to Tuned Drug Release through Micellar Partial Corona Shedding and/or Core Disassembly. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000305. [PMID: 33620748 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms provide an advantageous platform for the construction of tailored nanocarriers for therapeutic interventions. Simple and adaptable synthetic methodologies to amphiphilic miktoarm star polymers have been developed in which spatial location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) responsive entities is articulated to be on the corona shell surface or inside the core. The design of such architectures is facilitated through versatile building blocks and selected combinations of ring-opening polymerization, Steglich esterification, and alkyne-azide click reactions. Soft nanoparticles from aqueous self-assembly of these stimuli responsive miktoarm stars have low critical micelle concentrations and high drug loading efficiencies. Partial corona shedding upon response to ROS is accompanied by an increase in drug release, without significant changes to overall micelle morphology. The location of the GSH responsive unit at the core leads to micelle disassembly and complete drug release. Curcumin loaded soft nanoparticles show higher efficiencies in preventing ROS generation in extracellular and cellular environments, and in ROS scavenging in human glioblastoma cells. The ease in synthetic elaboration and an understanding of structure-property relationships in stimuli responsive nanoparticles offer a facile venue for well-controlled drug delivery, based on the extra- and intracellular concentrations of ROS and GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hossein Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Evan Rizzel Gran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Anastasiia Nyrko
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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Lotocki V, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymers: Branched Architectures in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E827. [PMID: 32872618 PMCID: PMC7559275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering active pharmaceutical agents to disease sites using soft polymeric nanoparticles continues to be a topical area of research. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of amphiphilic macromolecules plays a significant role in developing efficient nanoformulations. Branched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms emanating from a central core junction have provided a pivotal venue to tailor their key parameters. The build-up of miktoarm stars offers vast polymer arm tunability, aiding in the development of macromolecules with adjustable properties, and allows facile inclusion of endogenous stimulus-responsive entities. Miktoarm star-based micelles have been demonstrated to exhibit denser coronae, very low critical micelle concentrations, high drug loading contents, and sustained drug release profiles. With significant advances in chemical methodologies, synthetic articulation of miktoarm polymer architecture, and determination of their structure-property relationships, are now becoming streamlined. This is helping advance their implementation into formulating efficient therapeutic interventions. This review brings into focus the important discoveries in the syntheses of miktoarm stars of varied compositions, their aqueous self-assembly, and contributions their formulations are making in advancing the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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Ramesh K, Mishra AK, Kim JK, Jeong YT, Gal YS, Lim KT. Preparation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Amphiphilic Poly(D,L-Lactide- Co-Glycolide)-b-Poly( N-Acryloylmorpholine) AB 2 Miktoarm Star Block Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3713. [PMID: 32842626 PMCID: PMC7504487 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique topology and physical properties, micelles based on miktoarm amphiphilic star block copolymers play an important role in the biomedical field for drug delivery. Herein, we developed a series of AB2-type poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(N-acryloyl morpholine) (PLGA-b-PNAM2) miktoarm star block copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and ring-opening copolymerization. The resulting miktoarm star polymers were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The critical micellar concentration value of the micelles increases with an increase in PNAM block length. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, the amphiphilic miktoarm star block copolymers can self-assemble to form spherical micellar aggregates in water. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated by polymeric micelles; the drug-loading efficiency and drug-loading content of the DOX-loaded micelles were 81.7% and 9.1%, respectively. Acidic environments triggered the dissociation of the polymeric micelles, which led to the more release of DOX in pH 6.4 than pH 7.4. The amphiphilic PLGA-b-PNAM2 miktoarm star block copolymers may have broad application as nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ramesh
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (K.R.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Avnish Kumar Mishra
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (A.K.M.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (A.K.M.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (K.R.); (Y.T.J.)
| | - Yeong-Soon Gal
- Department of Fire Safety, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 34828, Korea;
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (K.R.); (Y.T.J.)
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Dendrimer-like AB2-type star polymers as nanocarriers for doxorubicin delivery to breast cancer cells: synthesis, characterization, in-vitro release and cytotoxicity studies. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Yang W, Veroniaina H, Qi X, Chen P, Li F, Ke PC. Soft and Condensed Nanoparticles and Nanoformulations for Cancer Drug Delivery and Repurpose. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900102. [PMID: 34291146 PMCID: PMC8291088 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurpose or reposition is recently recognized as a high-performance strategy for developing therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This approach can significantly reduce the risk of failure, shorten R&D time, and minimize cost and regulatory obstacles. On the other hand, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are extensively investigated in cancer therapy due to their remarkable ability to overcome drug delivery challenges, enhance tumor specific targeting, and reduce toxic side effects. With increasing knowledge accumulated over the past decades, nanoparticle formulation and delivery have opened up a new avenue for repurposing drugs and demonstrated promising results in advanced cancer therapy. In this review, recent developments in nano-delivery and formulation systems based on soft (i.e., DNA nanocages, nanogels, and dendrimers) and condensed (i.e., noble metal nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks) nanomaterials, as well as their theranostic applications in drug repurpose against cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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McGuire TM, Miyajima M, Uchiyama M, Buchard A, Kamigaito M. Epoxy-functionalised 4-vinylguaiacol for the synthesis of bio-based, degradable star polymers via a RAFT/ROCOP strategy. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An epoxy derivative of a naturally occuring vinylphenolic compound, 4-vinylguaiacol, was polymerised using a RAFT/ROCOP strategy and produced ester cross-linked star polymers which could be selectively degraded under acid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. McGuire
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Masato Miyajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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