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Li S, Wang C, Wang G, Wang Y, Han Z. Polycarbosilane/Divinylbenzene-Modified Magnesium Hydroxide to Enhance the Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4440. [PMID: 38006164 PMCID: PMC10675052 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal decomposition product of magnesium hydroxide (MH) is magnesium oxide (MgO), which serves as the foundational material for fireproof layer construction in the condensed phase. However, the weak interaction force between particles of MgO generated by thermal decomposition leads to the insufficient strength and poor adhesion ability of the fireproof layer. The fireproof layer was easily damaged and detached in this study, resulting in the low flame-retardant efficiency of MH. In this work, polycarbosilane (PCS) and divinyl benzene (DVB) were used to modify MH, and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composites were made via melt blending. The flame-retardant properties of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB were evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94), and a cone calorimeter (CONE). The thermal stability of the composites and flame retardants was analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The char layer structure was observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The results indicate that the LOI of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB with 50 wt.% flame retardants in total was as high as 65.1, which increased by 160% in comparison with EVA/MH. Furthermore, the total smoke production (TSP) of the EVA/MH/PCS/DVB composite decreased by 22.7% compared to EVA/MH/PCS; the thermal stability of the MH/PCS/DVB and EVA/MH/PCS/DVB improved to some extent; and the compact residual char after the combustion of EVA/MH/PCS/DVB had fewer cracks due to the adhesive effect induced by PCS/DVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhidong Han
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China; (S.L.); (G.W.); (Y.W.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Guo X, Zhao H, Qiang X, Ouyang C, Wang Z, Huang D. Facile construction of agar-based fire-resistant aerogels: A synergistic strategy via in situ generations of magnesium hydroxide and cross-linked Ca-alginate. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:297-306. [PMID: 36549030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-based aerogel materials have many advantages, such as low thermal conductivity and non-toxicity. These materials are environmentally friendly and have broad development potential in the fields of packaging, cushioning and green building insulation. However, defects, such as low mechanical strength and poor fire safety, greatly limit the application of these materials. In this work, the agar/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogel modified by the magnesium hydroxide (MH)/sodium alginate (SA) composite flame retardant system was developed by using a freeze-dried technology and the strategy of in-situ generation of MH and crosslinking of SA. The results showed that the MH/SA dramatically enhanced the mechanical and thermal stability of the composites. The compression modulus of AP-M35S15 was 2.37 MPa, which was 152.13 % higher than that of AP-M50. The limiting oxygen index value of AP-M35S15 was 34.1 % and reached V-0 level in the vertical burning test, which was better than those of the samples with a single MH effect. The cone calorimetric test showed that the MH/SA composite flame retardant system performed better in extending the ignition time, slowing down the heat release rate and reducing the total heat release and had a more complete dense carbon structure after burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Qiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Chengwei Ouyang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhehui Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Dajian Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Rajabimashhadi Z, Naghizadeh R, Zolriasatein A, Esposito Corcione C. Novel Synthesis of Nano Mg(OH) 2 by Means of Hydrothermal Method with Different Surfactants. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13030454. [PMID: 36770415 PMCID: PMC9919068 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide (MOH) is a widely used inorganic chemical owing to its various properties. Hence, researchers have long studied its synthesis and its unique features. However, the morphological consequences have rarely been studied. Despite having several benefits for synthesizing nanoparticles, the hydrothermal method's main drawbacks are its lengthy processing time and the high cost of raw materials. This research aimed to use more easily obtainable raw materials in a reasonably short time to synthesize MOH in various morphologies. For this purpose, we prepared different samples using the same hydrothermal method to investigate the effects of the precursor and surfactant on the structure, morphology, and size of MOH particles. The results of XRD and FTIR analysis demonstrated that a temperature of 180 °C and a duration of 18 h is not sufficient for MgO as a precursor to obtaining MOH in the hydrothermal method. However, in the presence of different surfactants, MgCl2 resulted in nanoparticles with hexagonal structure and plate, flake, spherical, and disc morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rajabimashhadi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Rahim Naghizadeh
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Ashkan Zolriasatein
- Non-Metallic Materials Research Department, Niroo Research Institute, Tehran 1466-5517, Iran
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (C.E.C.)
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4
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Wang W, Wang F, Li H, Liu Y. Synthesis of phosphorus‐nitrogen hybrid flame retardant and investigation of its efficient flame‐retardant behavior in
PA6
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PA66. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wengui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Heng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yaochi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha China
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5
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Guo F, Zhang Y, Li L. Zinc hydroxystannate dripped on magnesium hydroxide flower for enhancing smoke suppression and toxicity reduction properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining Qinghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yuze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining Qinghai China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining Qinghai China
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Xining Qinghai China
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-containing melamine cyanurate derivative to enhance the fire resistance and mechanical properties of epoxy resin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gao J, He W, Xiang Y, Long L, Qin S. Terminal group effects of DOPO-conjugated flame retardant on polyamide 6: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical performances. Front Chem 2022; 10:1002569. [PMID: 36247660 PMCID: PMC9554147 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1002569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two DOPO-conjugated flame retardants with or without amino terminal groups (DOPO-NH2 and DIDOPO, respectively) were synthesized and incorporated into polyamide 6 (PA6). Results demonstrated the DOPO-NH2 endowed superior thermal, flame retardant and mechanical performances to PA6 composites. With the same loading of 15 wt%, DOPO-NH2 can catalyze the PA6 matrix more effectively and result in more residues at high temperature. The PA6 composites containing DOPO-NH2 exhibited higher LOI (28.0%) compared to 25.0% for the sample containing DIDOPO, and the lower heat release capacity and peak heat release rate. Furthermore, the overall mechanical properties of PA6 composites containing DOPO-NH2 outperformed the samples containing DIDOPO, even superior to that for PA6. Such a significant difference can be mainly attributed to the existence of amino-terminal group, which can interact with carboxyl group in PA6 as confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis, improving the compatibility between the flame retardant and PA6 matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
| | - Wentao He
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wentao He,
| | - Yushu Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou, China
| | - Lijuan Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guizhou, China
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Mochane MJ, Mokhothu TH, Mokhena TC. Synthesis, mechanical, and flammability properties of metal hydroxide reinforced polymer composites: A review. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mokgaotsa J. Mochane
- Department of Life Sciences Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein South Africa
| | | | - Teboho Clement Mokhena
- Advanced Materials Division Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC) Randburg South Africa
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Qiang X, Guo X, Su H, Zhao H, Ouyang C, Huang D. In situ nanoarchitectonics of magnesium hydroxide particles for property regulation of carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) aerogels. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35197-35204. [PMID: 35493185 PMCID: PMC9043012 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06556d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based aerogels with low density, low thermal conductivity, and biodegradability are promising candidates for environmentally friendly heat-insulating materials. However, the application of CMC-based aerogels as insulation materials in building exterior walls is limited by the high water sensitivity, poor mechanical properties and high flammability of these aerogels. In this work, a simple hydration method was used to generate magnesium hydroxide (MH) directly from CMC/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed sol with active MgO obtained by calcined magnesite as the raw material. A series of composite aerogels with different MH contents were prepared through the freeze-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nanoflower-like MH was successfully synthesised in situ in the 3D porous polymer aerogel matrix. Compared with the mechanical properties and water resistance of the original CMC/PVA composite aerogels, those of the composite aerogels were significantly improved. In addition, the flame retardancy of the CMC/PVA composite aerogels was greatly enhanced by the introduction of MH into the polymer matrix, and the limiting oxygen index reached 35.5% when the MH loading was 60%. Flame retardant efficiency of magnesium hydroxide in cellulose aerogels improved by in situ formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Qiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Hongxi Su
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Chengwei Ouyang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Dajian Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
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