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McDonald PW, Ritchie C. A multi-chromic boron trifluoride-pyridyl Lewis adduct. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3051-3054. [PMID: 38381356 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05996k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A boron trifluoride-pyridyl Lewis adduct is reported, which exhibits various types of chromism and high solid-state photoluminescence quantum yields, as well as excitation-dependent emission in the mechanically ground form. The facile synthetic approach offers a simple and potentially versatile strategy for inducing chromism in pyridyl ligands with donor moieties. We envisage this approach as having a dual benefit: simplicity and extensive applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W McDonald
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Kebukawa Y, Asano S, Tani A, Yoda I, Kobayashi K. Gamma-Ray-Induced Amino Acid Formation in Aqueous Small Bodies in the Early Solar System. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1664-1671. [PMID: 36589881 PMCID: PMC9801502 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous chondrites contain life's essential building blocks, including amino acids, and their delivery of organic compounds would have played a key role in life's emergence on Earth. Aqueous alteration of carbonaceous chondrites is a widespread process induced by the heat produced by radioactive decay of nuclides like 26Al. Simple ubiquitous molecules like formaldehyde and ammonia could produce various organic compounds, including amino acids and complex organic macromolecules. However, the effects of radiation on such organic chemistry are unknown. Hence, the effects of gamma rays from radioactive decays on the formation of amino acids in meteorite parent bodies are demonstrated here. We discovered that gamma-ray irradiation of aqueous formaldehyde and ammonia solutions afforded a variety of amino acids. The amino acid yields had a linear relationship with the total gamma-ray dose but were unaffected by the irradiation dose rates. Given the gamma-ray production rates in the meteorite parent bodies, we estimated that the production rates were reasonable compared to amino acid abundances in carbonaceous chondrites. Our findings indicate that gamma rays may contribute to amino acid formation in parent bodies during aqueous alteration. In this paper, we propose a new prebiotic amino acid formation pathway that contributes to life's origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kebukawa
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa240-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Asano
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa240-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tani
- Graduate
School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11
Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo657-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Yoda
- Co60
irradiation facility, Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute
of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kensei Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, Yokohama
National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa240-8501, Japan
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3
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Souza-Corrêa JA, da Silveira EF. Space Weathering: Processing Velocities in Organic Materials as a Function of Electron Beam Energies-Solar Electron Erosion Rate Application. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:800-811. [PMID: 35639110 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Samples of α-glycine (α-GLY; 230-350 nm) were irradiated in laboratory as a function of electron beam energies (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 keV) at room temperature (293-295 K). The evolution of α-glycine irradiation process was monitored in real time by infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared - FTIR), through specific spectral bands: 2610, 2124, 1410, and 1333 cm-1. A phenomenological model is proposed to describe the column density decay when thick organic samples are processed by ionizing beams. The α-glycine radiolysis has exhibited transient and stationary modes in such thickness films. The first stage is mainly described by one exponential decay, whereas the latter foremost decays linearly; compaction processes have been neglected; glycine dissociation and sputtering processes are assumed to be responsible for the damage caused by the electron beam impact through the solid film. The second (stationary) stage is due to equilibrium between a partially shielded bulk radiolysis and sputtering of protective layers. The decay rates are measured for the transient and stationary modes and allow determining the processing velocity of the samples as a function of the electron beam energy. Finally, the model is applied to space weathering to find out the typical sputtering rate of organic compounds on the surface of astrophysical analogs with no protection layers attacked by solar wind (SW) electrons at ≈1 AU. Although the velocity of processing materials in SW has natural competing effects, such as regolith overturn by impacts of micro- and macrometeorites and downslope motion of material that is unstable due to changes in the geopotential of the airless bodies (e.g., asteroid 101955 Bennu), these competing processes are not included in the simulations presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Souza-Corrêa
- Van de Graaff Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E F da Silveira
- Van de Graaff Laboratory, Department of Physics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Pleyer HL, Moeller R, Fujimori A, Fox S, Strasdeit H. Chemical, Thermal, and Radiation Resistance of an Iron Porphyrin: A Model Study of Biosignature Stability. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:776-799. [PMID: 35647896 PMCID: PMC9298530 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes of porphyrins and porphyrin-type compounds are ubiquitous in all three domains of life, with hemes and chlorophylls being the best-known examples. Their diagenetic transformation products are found as geoporphyrins, in which the characteristic porphyrin core structure is retained and which can be up to 1.1 billion years old. Because of this, and their relative ease of detection, metalloporphyrins appear attractive as chemical biosignatures in the search for extraterrestrial life. In this study, we investigated the stability of solid chlorido(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinato)iron(III) [FeCl(oep)], which served as a model for heme-like molecules and iron geoporphyrins. [FeCl(oep)] was exposed to a variety of astrobiologically relevant extreme conditions, namely: aqueous acids and bases, oxidants, heat, and radiation. Key results are: (1) the [Fe(oep)]+ core is stable over the pH range 0.0-13.5 even at 80°C; (2) the oxidizing power follows the order ClO- > H2O2 > ClO3- > HNO3 > ClO4-; (3) in an inert atmosphere, the iron porphyrin is thermally stable to near 250°C; (4) at high temperatures, carbon dioxide gas is not inert but acts as an oxidant, forming carbon monoxide; (5) a decomposition layer is formed on ultraviolet irradiation and protects the [FeCl(oep)] underneath; (6) an NaCl/NaHCO3 salt mixture has a protective effect against X-rays; and (7) no such effect is observed when [FeCl(oep)] is exposed to iron ion particle radiation. The relevance to potential iron porphyrin biosignatures on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lukas Pleyer
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Chemical Evolution, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Stefan Fox
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Chemical Evolution, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Henry Strasdeit
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Chemical Evolution, Institute of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Iglesias-Groth S, Cataldo F. Integrated Molar Absorptivity of Mid- and Far-Infrared Spectra of Alanine and a Selection of Other Five Amino Acids of Astrobiological Relevance. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:462-480. [PMID: 35133882 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alanine and other five proteinogeninc amino acids produced quite easily in exogenous and/or endogenous prebiotic processes, that is, valine, serine, proline, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid (Ala, Val, Ser, Pro, Glu, and Asp, respectively) were studied in the mid- and far-infrared spectral range. This work is an extension of the previous one where other proteinogenic amino acids glycine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (Gly, Ile, Phe, Tyr, and Trp, respectively) were studied in the mid-infrared and in the far-infrared with the purpose to facilitate the search and identification of these astrobiological and astrochemical relevant molecules in space environments. The molar extinction coefficients (ɛ) of all mid- and far-infrared bands were determined as well as the integrated molar absorptivities (ψ). The mid-infrared spectra of Ala, Val, Ser, Pro, Glu, and Asp were recorded also at three different temperatures from -180°C to nearly ambient temperature and at 200°C. With the reported values of ɛ and ψ, it will be possible to estimate the relative abundance of these molecules in space environments.
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Mirfakhraei Y, Faghihi H, Zade AHM, Darabi M, Vatanara A. Optimization of Stable IgG Formulation Containing Amino Acids and Trehalose During Freeze-Drying and After Storage: a Central Composite Design. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:154. [PMID: 30919164 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical and structural stability of freeze-dried immunoglobulin G (IgG) were examined by applying trehalose and amino acids (glycine, phenylalanine, and serine). The efficacy of amino acids was statistically compared considering their side-chain characteristics. The amount of amino acids (X1) and trehalose (X2) was considered as independent variables. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) was utilized to calculate the soluble aggregates, as dependent variables. The amounts of excipients were optimized through the central composite design (CCD). The beta-sheet conformation of IgG was quantified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal behavior and molecular integrity of IgG were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Optimized formulations of powders were as follows: 24.5 mg serine-139.5 mg trehalose, 14 mg glycine-118 mg Trehalose, and 25 mg phenylalanine-139.5 mg trehalose. The amounts of soluble aggregates after processing were 0, 4.50, and 2.20%, respectively. The corresponding induced aggregates following storage conditions were 1.02, 7.0, and 3.70%. In all preparations, there were no detectable fragments. The native conformation of IgG was well preserved in the presence of amino acids. Excluding the glycine-based sample with minor endotherm at about 45°C, serine and phenylalanine incorporating powders were fully amorphous at examination temperatures. Trehalose was more potent than the amino acids in the stabilization of IgG. Serine was the most effective amino acid; phenylalanine and glycine were the next ones, respectively. Glycine crystallization was assumed to have accounted for low stabilization capability. The statistically synergistic phenomenon was only observed in the co-application of trehalose and phenylalanine. Graphical abstract.
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Neacsu A, Gheorghe D, Marinescu C, Stancu E, Tecuceanu V, Ciuculescu C. The effect of gamma rays upon L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-proline. A thermochemical study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Redness generation via Maillard reactions of whey protein isolate (WPI) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in spray-dried powders. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Cataldo F. Radiolysis and radioracemization of RNA ribonucleosides: implications for the origins of life. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Cataldo F, Iglesias-Groth S, Prata M. Neutron bombardment of lithium bis(oxalato) borate: LiBOB. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Cherubini C, Ursini O. Amino acids chemical stability submitted to solid state irradiation: the case study of leucine, isoleucine and valine. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:541. [PMID: 26413447 PMCID: PMC4579194 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A solid state radiolysis was conducted to examine the reactivity of amino acids towards high energy dose of gamma radiations. The presence of amino acids in the bulk of meteorites has raised the question of "if" and eventually "how" they could have been important in the development of life on Earth. The presence of radioactive elements in Solar System bodies could have played a crucial role in amino acids survival and in the formation of different organic molecules. The radioactive elements produced a total radiation dose of 14 MGy during the life of Solar System (4.6 × 10(9) years). The aim of this study is to investigate the amino acids capacity to survive at a dose of γ-irradiation equivalent to 1.05 × 10(9) years of Solar System life. In particular, we examined the behavior of three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) submitted to a total dose of 3.2 MGy. We choose to irradiate l-enantiomers to analyze the behavior of a single enantiomer to radiations. We identified the radiation products formed in solid state radiolysis by mass spectrometric analysis and we were able to enlighten some common reactions. These reactions are particularly important to rationalize the formation of prebiotic molecules. Moreover, we studied the radioracemization process, the formation of d-enantiomer promoted by γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cherubini
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies-National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, RM Italy
| | - Ornella Ursini
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies-National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, RM Italy
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Mass spectrometric analysis of selected radiolyzed amino acids in an astrochemical context. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Stability toward High Energy Radiation of Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acids: Implications for the Origins of Life. Life (Basel) 2013; 3:449-73. [PMID: 25369815 PMCID: PMC4187172 DOI: 10.3390/life3030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of non-proteinogenic amino acids, most of them found quite commonly in the meteorites known as carbonaceous chondrites, were subjected to solid state radiolysis in vacuum to a total radiation dose of 3.2 MGy corresponding to 23% of the total dose expected to be taken by organic molecules buried in asteroids and meteorites since the beginning of the solar system 4.6 × 109 years ago. The radiolyzed amino acids were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and by polarimety and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD). It is shown that an important fraction of each amino acid is able to “survive” the massive dose of radiation, while the enantiomeric excess is partially preserved. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that it is unsurprising to find amino acids even in enantiomeric excess in carbonaceous chondrites.
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Zagórski ZP, Kornacka EM. Ionizing radiation: friend or foe of the origins of life? ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2012; 42:503-5. [PMID: 23080010 PMCID: PMC3517802 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-012-9314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z P Zagórski
- Centre for Radiation Research, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, PL-03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
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Solid state radiolysis of non-proteinaceous amino acids in vacuum: astrochemical implications. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Cataldo F, Ursini O, Angelini G, Iglesias-Groth S, Manchado A. Radiolysis and radioracemization of 20 amino acids from the beginning of the Solar System. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-011-0116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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