Sorption of radiocobalt(II) onto MWCNTs: effects of solid content, contact time, pH, ionic strength, humic acid and temperature

Efficient adsorptive removal of Co2+ from aqueous solution using graphene oxide

This study aimed to utilize synthesized graphene oxide (GO) for adsorptive removal of cobalt ions and investigate the adsorption mechanism using advanced techniques such as X-ray absorption spectra (XAFS). The GO was synthesized via an improved Hummers method, resulting in high surface area (93.7 m2/g) and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. Various characterizations, including SEM, TEM, Raman, FT-IR, TG, potentiometric titrations, and N2 sorption-desorption measurements, were employed to characterize the GO. The adsorption behavior of GO towards Co2+ was investigated, and the results showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, with a maximum sorption capacity of 93.7 mg/g. The adsorption process was chemisorption and endothermic, with GO showing adsorption selectivity order of Co2+ > Sr2+ > Cs+. Based on various characterizations such as X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), FT-IR, and XPS, the sorption mechanism of Co2+ onto GO was discussed, with the results indicating that coordination and electrostatic interaction were the primary adsorption mechanisms, with oxygen-containing functional groups playing a vital role. The first coordinating atom for Co2+ was O, and the coordination environment was similar to that of cobalt acetate and CoO. Overall, this study provides comprehensive understanding of the adsorption behavior and mechanism of Co2+ onto GO, highlighting its potential as an effective adsorbent for removing nuclides from aqueous solution.

Factorial Investigation of Cobalt Retention by Ti and Fe Oxides-Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Multivariate Against Univariate Analysis

Fe/Ti-oxides-modified-carbon nanotubes CNTs nanocomposites were prepared and tested toward Co removal from solution under different operational conditions. The final performance of the nanocomposites for Co was highly dependent on the type and loaded amount of the oxides. The nanocomposites were characterized by standard methods and the results evidenced that the presence of CNTs hampers the growth of Fe3O4 and TiO2 particles and forming smaller nano-particles leading to better Co removal from solution. Analysis of isotherms at different temperatures indicated that Co retention was two-fold increased upon adding Ti-oxides up to 90.2%. All isotherms were fairly presented using Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm and most surfaces have high heterogeneity particularly after deposition of oxides. The combined influence of the factors was investigated by running a multivariate analysis. An empirical equation was generated by principal component analysis (PCA) for predicting Co retention assuming different relationships and the binary-interaction behavior between factors was the most dominant: Co retention (mg/g) = 5.12 + 1.25Conc + 1.47Temp - 1.38CNT% - 6.03Ti% - 5.03Fe% - 0.01Conc2 + 0.12Temp2 - 0.55CNT%2 - 1.53Ti%2 - 3.44Fe%2 + 0.17Conc  ×  Temp + 0.07Conc × CNT% + 0.07Conc × Ti% + 0.10Conc × Fe% + 0.21Temp × CNT% + 0.10Temp × Ti% + 0.17Temp × Fe% - 1.67CNT% × Ti% - 1.45CNT% × Fe% - 4.11Ti% × Fe%. The most dominant factors on Co retention were temperature and concentration (positive linear correlation) and the positive interaction between temperature/concentration and temperature/CNTs mass. PCA indicated that the coefficient Temp × CNTs (+0.21) was higher than Temp × Ti% (+0.10). The negative coefficients of Ti/Fe with CNTs (1.45-4.11) indicated better Co retention at higher Ti/Fe loads and lower mass of CNTs. The results support that fact that incorporation of CNTs with Ti/Fe oxides may have a positive synergic impact on Co retention.