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Shesha S, Rangegowda RD, Erathimmaiah S, Dongre S, Jadiyappa SJ. Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and potential radiological risks of commonly used building materials in Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2531-2536. [PMID: 38126850 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to evaluate the natural radioactivity and potential radiological risks of frequently used building materials in Uttara Kannada district. Using an High purity Germanium Detector (HPGe) detector-based gamma-ray spectrometer, the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was determined. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the construction materials vary from 13.78 ± 0.90 to 151.9 ± 1.85, 14.21 ± 0.80 to 207.72 ± 2.9 and 55.26 ± 1.20 to 1298.24 ± 25 Bq kg-1 with an average value of 40.57 ± 1.37,60.13 ± 1.70 and 425.38 ± 4.75 Bq kg-1 having a geometric mean of 33.07, 46.49 and 290.20 Bq kg-1, respectively. The mean annual effective dose equivalent was found to be 0.68 mSv y-1 and is less than the International Commission on Radiological Protection proposed acceptable limit of 1 mSv y-1. The estimated radiological hazard parameters show that these building materials are safe to use in the construction of homes and do not offer a substantial source of radiation hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Shesha
- Department of Physics, M.P.E Society's S.D.M Degree College, Honavar, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka 581334, India
| | | | - Srinivasa Erathimmaiah
- Department of Physics, PES University, Hosur Road, Electronic city, Bangalore, Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Sandeep Dongre
- Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577451, India
| | - Sannappa J Jadiyappa
- Department of Physics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577451, India
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Khan M, Chaudhary MZ, Khan EU, Abid J, Nasir T, Yaqoob N. Assessment of radiological indices and physiochemical characterization of sediments in Chashma Lake, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1219. [PMID: 37718371 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Twenty surface sediment samples were gathered from Chasma Lake, deciding the radionuclides 137Cs, 226Ra, 228Ra, 232Th, and 40K and their associated hazard indices. The deliberate radionuclide activities of present research have been contrasted with earlier research, and acquired outcomes in the present study are found below the results in the world. The radiation hazard indices following the presence of natural radionuclides in sediment samples were estimated, and the results assigned the values of all the determined radiological indices found inside the worldwide suggested limits. It was concluded from the current review that the sediment of Chashma Lake is safe for construction and agriculture and does not make radiation dangerous to the nearby local area of the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Khan
- District Education Authority Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Jawaria Abid
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Nasir
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Yaqoob
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Afzal I, Chaudhary MZ, Khan EU, Nasir T, Yaqoob N. Radiological risk assessment in sediment of Namal Lake, Mianwali, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:223. [PMID: 35217922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study is concentrated on the radiological risk assessment of sixteen surface sediment samples recovered from Namal Lake, District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. The activity of 137Cs, 40 K, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 232Th was carried out with the help of a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) in the sediment, varied in the ranges of > 0.02-3.73 ± 1.31, 98.32 ± 21.45-341.02 ± 58.67, 18.34 ± 2.16-34.23 ± 4.34, 1.62 ± .30-2.34 ± .52, and 0.14 ± 0.10-2.34 ± 0.59 Bq kg-1 with average values 0.74 ± 0.29, 237.26 ± 37.97, 25.06 ± 4.74, 1.97 ± 0.39, and 1.73 ± 0.33 Bq kg-1, respectively. The measured concentrations in the current study have been compared with other earlier studies in the world. The data was also used for determining the other useful parameters like radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate, and external and internal hazards index to assess the radiological risk assessment for the environment around the study area. The ERICA Tool software was also applied for radiological risk assessment for lake fish due to the radioactivity present in the lake sediments. It was concluded from the results of ERICA tool that the risk quotient in this study is less than one indicating that no toxic effects of radioactivity for Namal Lake fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Afzal
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Tabassum Nasir
- Institute of Physics, Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Yaqoob
- Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Suresh S, Rangaswamy DR, Sannappa J, Dongre S, Srinivasa E, Rajesh S. Estimation of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Radiological hazard assessments of radionuclides in building materials, soils and sands from the Gaza Strip and the north of Sinai Peninsula. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23251. [PMID: 34853359 PMCID: PMC8636494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiological hazards to the residents of the Gaza Strip, Palestine and the north of the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, were determined using the naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in 69 samples of building materials (demolition debris, plasters, concretes, from recycling plants and raw cements from suppliers), soils and sands collected in the field. The radiological hazard indices and dose rates calculated with the activity concentrations of radionuclides in those materials determined by gamma-ray spectrometry indicate that the values are all within the global limits recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 and European Commission 1999. The results of Spearman's correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis for 210Pb in the building materials, soils and sands suggest that the samples include 210Pb from the atmospheric fallout. The medium correlation between 232Th and 40K in demolition debris implies that their activity concentrations are characteristic of the building materials and constituents of the demolition debris. Non-natural ratio of 238U/235U was found in the soil and sand samples collected in the Gaza Strip. Furthermore, 137Cs and 241Am were detected in some soil, sand and demolition debris samples analyzed in this study. The origins of those anthropogenic radionuclides were considered.
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Wasim M, Shah SA, Tariq A, Ali M. Soil mineral analysis and environmental radioactivity in Ghizer, Eastern Hindukush, Pakistan. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K) was determined in 32 samples from Ghizer, an Eastern Hindukush district at an altitude of 2286 m in Pakistan using high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffractometry identified quartz, calcite, albite and anorthite as major phases whereas actinolite, chlorite serpentine and kaolinite as minor phases. The activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K varied from 25.2 ± 1.7 to 145.3 ± 10.1 Bq kg−1, 24.9 ± 1.1 to 197 ± 9 Bq kg−1, 2.03 ± 0.21 to 16.7 ± 1.1 and 252 ± 6 to 1433 ± 35 Bq kg−1, respectively. The samples yielded average radium equivalent activity as 178.4 ± 23.3 Bq kg−1. The majority of the samples revealed external hazard index and representative level index less than one. The average air absorbed dose rate was 91.2 ± 13.6 nGy h−1 corresponding to the annual effective dose rate 111.8 ± 17.4 μSv y−1. These values were higher than the world averages for air absorbed dose rate and outdoor annual effective dose rate. Principal component analysis was applied to obtain distribution pattern within the samples and among the radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wasim
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , P.O. Nilore , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sardar Ali Shah
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , P.O. Nilore , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Arfan Tariq
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology , P.O. Nilore , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ali
- Department of Physics , Karakoram International University , Gilgit , Pakistan
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Rehman JU, Alam I, Ahmad N, Hameed A, Nazir A, Ullah H, Hussain A. An overview on radiometric assessment and excess lifetime cancer risk of soil in Pakistan by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:531-543. [PMID: 32663172 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to compare the natural radioactivity and excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) factor of soil in different regions of Pakistan during last decade. Soil contains various elements and compounds including naturally occurring radioactive elements (238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs). Human being, animals and plants are in health risk by contaminations of natural radioactivity in soil and environmental radiometric pollution. Transferring of large amount of the natural radioactive elements in human body by nutrients may cause carcinogenic effects in human body. Pakistani soil has six types as Indus Basin Soil, Bongar Soil, Khaddar Soil, Indus delta soil, Mountainous soil and Sandy Desert Soil. In some northern region of Pakistan, naturally occurring radioactive rocks like uranuium-238 and iridium concentrations present in Gharwandi, Aram, Kingri S, Vitakri Fort Munro, Dera Bugti, Kohlu and Sibbi districts. METHODS In this reviewed data, gamma rays spectroscopy used to determine the concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K with the help of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Only the data of HPGe detector collected because of comparisons of different regions of Pakistan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Mostly, different gamma rays energy peaks of relevant daughter radionuclides of radioactive element were used such as the energy peak lines of daughter radionuclides 214Pb (295.21 and 352 KeV) and 214Bi (609 and 1,120 KeV) used for calculating the 226Ra concentration in soil. In the recent study, it is concluded that average values of concentrations of natural radioactivity in soil in central and north regions of Pakistan are higher than permissible limit but found permissible range in south region of Pakistan. Mean values of ELCR factor were found higher, equal and lower in central, north and south regions than permissible limit, respectively. Generally, no serious health hazard due to natural radioactivity in soil were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Ur Rehman
- Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Aslam Hameed
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Alia Nazir
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez Ullah
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Altaf Hussain
- Department of Physics, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Alshahri F. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in urban soil around non-nuclear industries (Northern Al Jubail), Saudi Arabia: assessment of health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36226-36235. [PMID: 31713138 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The residential areas are located around one of the oldest and largest non-nuclear industrial cities in Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. Therefore, it is important to study the radioactivity levels in the urban soil in order to estimate the potential risk of radiation in environment and for public. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in urban soil around non-nuclear industries were measured using gamma ray spectrometric technique. The mean values of activity concentrations were found to be 7.64 ± 0.4, 3.76 ± 0.2, 174 ± 3.7, and 0.391 ± 0.03 (Bq/kg) for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs, respectively. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), gamma absorbed dose rate in air (D), and annual effective dose equivalent (E) for outdoor were calculated. The mean values of these radiological parameters were found to be less than the allowed limits in soil. The obtained results were compared with other studies from Arabian Gulf and other regions of the world. Consequently, the direct gamma radiation exposure from the urban soil in the study area was found to be safe for public. Additionally, the present study is the first in this area which could be used as a baseline for radioactivity levels in soil nearby industrial areas of the Arabian Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimh Alshahri
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Nyamsari DG, Yalcin F, Mboh MT, Alfred FG, Yalcin MG. Natural radioactive risk assessment in top soil and possible health effect in Minim and Martap villages, Cameroon: using radioactive risk index and statistical analysis. KERNTECHNIK 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Minim and Martap villages are famous for their richness in bauxite mineralization. Acute respiratory infection, known to stem from 238U and 232Th activities, is one of the main reasons to the mortality and morbidity of the over 40,000 local inhabitants. Radioactive elements in top of the soils of the area are potential causes to this infection. Therefore, the natural activity concentration of radioactive elements in the area was investigated. Top soil samples collected from the village settlement area and some plateaus were analyzed using methods LF700 (for 40K) and LF100 (for 238U and 232Th). The measured concentration of the elements was higher than the world mean value. Samples of felsic volcanic soils and rocks were identified to have the highest concentration of the elements. 232Th and 238U revealed relatively higher activity concentration while that of 40K was lower. Absorbed dose rate are higher in all the samples by a factor range of 1.2–2.1 times greater when compared to world average. Annual effective indoor and outdoor doses, radi-um equivalence (Raeq), internal (Hin) and external (Hex) hazard indexes, and the Excess lifetime cancer risks of samples, are all within the world averages by UNSCEAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Nyamsari
- 1Akdeniz University, Engineering Geology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - F. Yalcin
- 2Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. T. Mboh
- 3State CAPAM, Inspector of classified State Institutions MINMIDT/Cameroon
| | - F. G. Alfred
- 3State CAPAM, Inspector of classified State Institutions MINMIDT/Cameroon
| | - M. G. Yalcin
- 1Akdeniz University, Engineering Geology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
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Estimation of background radiation levels and associated health risks in mineral rich district Chiniot, Pakistan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Al-Hamarneh IF. Hazard indices and annual effective dose due to terrestrial radioactivity in the urban areas in the south of Jordan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reddy KU, Ningappa C, Sannappa J. Natural radioactivity level in soils around Kolar Gold Fields, Kolar district, Karnataka, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Measurement of naturally occurring radioactive material, 238U and 232Th: part 2—optimization of counting time. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Determination of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K, (235)U and (238)U activity concentration and public dose assessment in soil samples from bauxite core deposits in Western Cameroon. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1253. [PMID: 27536536 PMCID: PMC4974208 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Determination of activity concentrations in twenty five (25) soil samples collected from various points in bauxite ore deposit in Menoua Division in Western of Cameroon was done using gamma spectrometry based Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe6530) detector. The average terrestrial radionuclides of (40)K, (226)Ra, (232)Th, (235)U and (238)U were measured as 671 ± 272, 125 ± 58, 157 ± 67, 6 ± 3 and 99 ± 69 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The observed activity concentrations of radionuclides were compared with other published values in the world. The outdoor absorbed dose rate in air varied from 96.1 to 321.2 nGy h(-1) with an average of 188.2 ± 59.4 nGy h(-1). The external annual effective dose rate and external hazard index were estimated as 0.23 ± 0.07 mSv year(-1) for outdoor, 0.92 ± 0.29 mSv year(-1) for indoor and 1.13 for the external hazard index, respectively. These radiological safe parameters were relatively higher than the recommended safe limits of UNSCEAR. Consequently, using of soil as building material might lead to an increase the external exposure to natural radioactivity and future applications research need to be conducted to have a global view of radioactivity level in the area before any undergoing bauxite ore exploitation.
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Natural radioactivity levels in the soils and human risk assessment in Tiruchirappalli district (Tamil Nadu, India). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kritsananuwat R, Arae H, Fukushi M, Sahoo SK, Chanyotha S. Natural radioactivity survey on soils originated from southern part of Thailand as potential sites for nuclear power plants from radiological viewpoint and risk assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-3994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Measurement of natural radioactivity and radiation hazard assessment in the soil samples of Ramanagara and Tumkur districts, Karnataka, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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